Tulipa gesneriana

Tulipa gesneriana is a bulbousTulipa gesneriana L. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved January 13, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:542923-1 herbTulipa gesneriana Linnaeus. (n.d.). Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN). Retrieved January 13, 2025, from https://data.canadensys.net/vascan/taxon/28720 with ovate-lanceolate leaves. The bulb produces offsets laterally.

The erect, broadly campanulate flowers with glabrous, obtuse tepalsMüller, F., Ritz, C. M., Wesche, K., & Welk, E. (2021). [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-61011-4 Rothmaler - Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Gefäßpflanzen: Grundband.] p. 153. Springer Spektrum. have six stamens and three carpels.[https://archive.org/details/botanicalregiste05edwa/page/n139/mode/2up The Botanical Register : consisting of coloured figures of exotic plants, cultivated in British gardens; with their history and mode of treatment (Vol. 5).] (1819)

It was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.Linné, Carl von, & Salvius, Lars. (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... (Vol. 1, p. 306). Impensis Laurentii Salvii. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358325Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-aa). Tulipa gesneriana L. Tropicos. Retrieved January 13, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/18400363 It is the type species of its genus.Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-aa). Tulipa L. Tropicos. Retrieved January 13, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40020559

The specific epithet gesneriana honours the Swiss botanist Conrad Gesner.Grout, J. (n.d.). Conrad Gesner. Encyclopaedia Romana. Retrieved January 13, 2025, from http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/aconite/gesner.htmlStep, E. (1896). [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Favourite_Flowers_of_Garden_and_Greenhou/_y5GAQAAMAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Tulipa%20gesneriana&pg=PA607-IA1&printsec=frontcover Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse.] p. 607. Vereinigtes Königreich: F. Warne & Company.

The flowers are pollinated by Halictus bees.E. Loew. (1892). [https://www.google.de/books/edition/Jahrb%C3%BCcher_f%C3%BCr_wissenschaftliche_Botan/rtm6vvyCH0MC?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=Tulipa%20gesneriana&pg=PA230&printsec=frontcover Blüthenbiologische Beiträge II.] Jahrbücher Für Wissenschaftliche Botanik, 23, 207–253.

File:SEM_Image_of_Tulip_Pollen.jpg

This hybrid is widely believed to have originated in Tian Shan of Central Asia, from the collections of the sultan of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul, as is the case with other species of tulips that came into Europe. In 1574, Sultan Selim II ordered the Kadi of A‘azāz in Syria to send him 50,000 tulip bulbs. However, Harvey points out several problems with this source, and there is also the possibility that tulips and hyacinth (sümbüll), originally Indian spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi) have been confused.{{cite journal |first=John H. |last=Harvey |year=1976 |title=Turkey as a Source of Garden Plants |journal=Garden History |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=24 |doi=10.2307/1586521 |jstor=1586521 }} Sultan Selim also imported 300,000 bulbs of Kefe Lale (also known as Cafe-Lale, from the medieval name Kaffa, probably Tulipa sauveolens, syn. Tulipa schrenkii) from the port of Kefe in Crimea, for his gardens in the Topkapı Sarayı in Istanbul. They are hybridized with other species present in the collections.{{cite book |first=Anna |last=Pavord |title=The Tulip |url=https://archive.org/details/tulippavo00pavo |url-access=registration |location=London |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=1999 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tulippavo00pavo/page/41 41]|isbn=9781582340135 }} Tulipa sauveolens is genetically very closely related to Tulipa gesneriana, and sometimes classified in the same species.

Tulipa gesneriana was introduced to western Europe from Constantinople in 1554. It was first described in 1559 by Conrad Gesner.Rev. John Marius Wilson (Editor) {{google books|pVE9AQAAMAAJ|The Rural Cyclopedia: Or A General Dictionary of Agriculture, and of the Arts, Sciences, Instruments and Practise, necessary to the farmer, stockfarmer, gardener, forester, landsteward, farrier, &c. Volume 4, (1857)|page=498}}

File:Stereoscope_Image_of_Tulip_Anatomy.jpg

When the tulip originally arrived in Europe from the Ottoman Empire, its popularity soared and it quickly became a status symbol for the newly wealthy merchants of the Dutch Golden Age. As a mosaic virus began to infect bulbs, producing rare and spectacular effects in the bloom but weakening and destroying the already limited number of bulbs, a speculative frenzy now known as tulip mania was triggered between 1634 and 1637. Bulbs were exchanged for land, livestock, and houses, and the Dutch created futures markets where contracts to buy bulbs at the end of the season were bought and sold.Goldgar, Anne, Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age, University of Chicago Press, p. 322. A single bulb, the Semper Augustus, fetched 6,000 florins in Haarlem — at that time, a florin could purchase a bushel of wheat.

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The flower and bulb can cause dermatitis through the allergen, tuliposide A, even though the bulbs may be consumed with little ill effect. The bulbs may be dried and pulverised and added to cereals or flour.{{cn|date=May 2019}}

The sweet-scented bisexual flowers appear during April and May. Bulbs are extremely resistant to frost and can tolerate temperatures well below freezing — a period of low temperature is necessary to induce proper growth and flowering, triggered by an increase in sensitivity to the phytohormone auxin.Rietveld, Patrick L.; Wilkinson, Claire; Franssen, Hanneke M.; Balk, Peter A.; van der Plas, Linus H.W.; Weisbeek, Peter J.; de Boer, A. Douwe, "Low temperature sensing in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) is mediated through an increased response to auxin", Journal of Experimental Botany, v.51, no. 344, March, 2000, p. 587-594.

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gesneriana

Category:Flora of Turkey

Category:Ephemeral plants

Category:Plants described in 1753

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Category:Garden plants