Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station

The two pressurized water reactors were completed in 1972 and 1973.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XphPAAAAMAAJ&q=turkey+point+pressurized+1972+1973&pg=PA62 |title=Nuclear Regulatory Commission Issuances: Opinions and Decisions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission with Selected Orders |last=Commission |first=U. S. Nuclear Regulatory |date=1990 |language=en}}

In 2002, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) extended the operating licenses for both nuclear reactors from forty years to sixty years. In 2006, Florida Power & Light (FPL) informed the NRC that they planned to apply for new units to be built at Turkey Point. FPL filed an initial proposal for increased capacity with the Florida Public Service Commission in October 2007.{{cite news |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/business/story/274048.html |title=FPL moves to add nuclear plants in S. Dade |work=Miami Herald |date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=October 23, 2007}}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The proposal was approved by the PSC in March 2008.{{cite news|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/982/story/492423.html|title=FPL reactor proposal advances|author=John Dorschner|author2=Curtis Morgan|date=March 19, 2008|work=The Miami Herald|access-date=July 15, 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

FPL also planned to spend about $1.5 billion to increase the capacity of its existing four reactors at Turkey Point and the St. Lucie Nuclear Power Plant by a total of about 400 MW by 2012.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssUtilitiesElectric/idUSN0144937320090601?dbi=1 |title=FPL Fla. Turkey Point 4 reactor back at full power |date=June 1, 2009 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=July 22, 2009 |first=Scott |last=DiSavino}}

On June 30, 2009, FPL submitted a Combined Construction and Operating License (COL) application for two 1,117-MWe Westinghouse AP1000 reactors (Units 6 and 7).

{{cite web|url=https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/col/turkey-point.html |title=Turkey Point, Units 6 and 7 Application |date=July 2, 2009 | work= Combined License Applications for New Reactors | publisher= Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) |access-date=July 22, 2009}} FPL had considered building two 1,550-MWe GE ESBWR reactors. Construction was expected to begin in 2012, with the new units going online in 2017 and 2019. FPL estimated the total overnight costs of the power plants, including first fuel load, at $6.8–$9.9 billion, and the total project cost at $12.1–$17.8 billion.{{cite news|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN_Application_for_Florida_reactors_2307092.html|title=Application for Florida reactors|date=July 23, 2009|work=World Nuclear News|access-date=July 22, 2009}}

The COLs for units 6 and 7 were authorized by the NRC in April 2018.{{Cite web|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-Regulator-approves-licences-for-new-Florida-units-0604184.html|title=Regulator approves licences for new Florida units|website=World Nuclear News}}

The expansion received criticism from some South Florida mayors over concerns about water usage, insufficient evacuation zones and increased risks from rising sea levels. However, the mayor of Homestead, the closest community to the FPL facilities, supports it.{{Cite news |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article18627960.html |title=Mayors make case against FPL nuclear expansion |last=Staletovich |first=Jenny |date=April 15, 2015 |work=Miami Herald |access-date=2017-09-08 |language=en}}

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission defines two emergency planning zones around nuclear power plants: a plume exposure pathway zone with a radius of {{convert|10|mi}}, concerned primarily with exposure to, and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about {{convert|50|mi}}, concerned primarily with ingestion of food and liquid contaminated by radioactivity.{{cite web |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/emerg-plan-prep-nuc-power-bg.html |title=NRC: Backgrounder on Emergency Preparedness for Nuclear Power Plants |access-date=2012-08-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002131207/http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/emerg-plan-prep-nuc-power-bg.html |archive-date=October 2, 2006 |df=mdy}}

The 2010 U.S. population within {{convert|10|mi}} of Turkey Point was 161,556, an increase of 62.8 percent in a decade, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data for msnbc.com. The 2010 U.S. population within {{convert|50|mi}} was 3,476,981, an increase of 15.1 percent since 2000. Cities within 50 miles include Miami (25 miles to city center).{{Cite web |date=2011-04-14 |title=Nuclear neighbors: Population rises near US reactors |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42555888 |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=NBC News |language=en}}

A test was performed on all three of the Emergency Feedwater (EFW) pumps serving Unit 3 while the reactor was operating at power. Two of the pumps failed to start as a result of overtightened packing. The third pump failed to start because of a malfunction in the turbine regulating valve pneumatic controller. In an ongoing study of precursors that could lead to a nuclear accident if additional failures were to have occurred, the NRC concluded in October 2005 that this event at Turkey Point Unit 3 was the fifth-highest ranked occurrence.

Turkey Point was directly hit by Hurricane Andrew on August 24, 1992, destroying two raw water tanks and portions of the fire protection systems, draining another raw water tank, partially disabling the fire protection systems, causing severe damage to various non-nuclear structures, and cracking the smokestack for fossil-fueled Unit 1. The smokestack later had to be demolished and rebuilt. It also suffered a total loss of offsite power, requiring the use of the onsite emergency diesel generators for several days. No significant damage was done to the plant's nuclear containment buildings.{{cite web |date=July 20, 1993 |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1993/in93053.html |title=NRC Information Notice 93-53: Effect of Hurricane Andrew on Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station and Lessons Learned |work=NRC.gov |publisher=Nuclear Regulatory Commission |access-date=July 25, 2007}}{{cite web |date=April 29, 1994 |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1993/in93053s1.html |title=NRC Information Notice 93-53, Supplement 1: Effect of Hurricane Andrew on Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station and Lessons Learned |work=NRC.gov |publisher=Nuclear Regulatory Commission |access-date=July 25, 2007}} The plant was built to withstand winds of up to 235 mph (380 km/h), greatly exceeding the maximum winds recorded by most category 5 hurricanes.

On March 18, 2017, an electrical fault occurred in a Unit 3 switchgear room, resulting in the loss of a safety related electrical bus and a reactor trip. Other safety systems functioned as required, ensuring adequate reactor cooling. There was no threat to local residents or the environment, and the alert, the second-lowest Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) emergency declaration, was terminated later that same day.

{{cite web |title=Nuclear regulators inspecting FPL's Turkey Point plant after small explosion

|url=http://protectingyourpocket.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2017/03/22/nuclear-regulators-inspecting-fpls-turkey-point-plant-after-electrical-fault/}} The electrical fault caused an arc flash, resulting in a minor burn of a plant worker who was in the room and was treated at a local hospital.{{cite web |title=Minor electrical fire at Turkey Point injures one |website=Miami Herald |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article139440088.html}} On March 22, 2017, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced that it had initiated a special inspection into the failure of the electrical bus that resulted in the plant declaring an alert.{{cite web |title=Nuclear regulators inspecting FPL's Turkey Point plant after small explosion |url=http://protectingyourpocket.blog.palmbeachpost.com/2017/03/22/nuclear-regulators-inspecting-fpls-turkey-point-plant-after-electrical-fault/}}

{{split|2008 Florida blackout|talk=Talk:Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station#Discussion regarding proposed split|section=section|date=May 2024}}

File:Turkey Point FL1.jpg visitor center]]

On February 26, 2008, both reactors were shut down due to the loss of off-site power during a widespread power outage in South Florida, affecting 700,000 customers.{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssFinancialServicesAndRealEstateNews/idUSN2635797520080226 |title=FPL Fla, Turkey Pt reactors shut due to power outage |work=Reuters|date=February 26, 2008 |access-date=February 26, 2008 |first=Scott |last=DiSavino}}

The fire occurred at 1:08 PM and caused an automatic shutdown of the power plant. This led to a domino effect that caused outages as far north as Daytona Beach and Tampa. Power was restored by 4:30 PM. The reason this malfunction caused such widespread outages was still under investigation a few days later.{{cite news |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-flbfpl0227sbfeb27,0,7439215.story |title=FPL mystery: How did small fire knock out power to millions? |publisher=Sun-Sentinel |date=February 27, 2008 |access-date=February 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301224517/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sfl-flbfpl0227sbfeb27,0,7439215.story |archive-date=March 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}

Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando International Airport, and Miami International Airport were among the places affected by the outage.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wftv.com/news/15415018/detail.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403075308/http://www.wftv.com/news/15415018/detail.html|url-status=dead|title=Reasons For Blackout In Central, Southern Florida Remain A Mystery - News Story - WFTV Orlando|archivedate=April 3, 2008}}

At least 2.5 million people were without power.

The blackout was initially caused by an overheated voltage switch that soon caught fire at in a power substation in Miami, 23 miles away from the plant. Although the substation had protective relays to isolate the electrical fault from the broader transmission system, a local engineer was troubleshooting a failure within the substation at the time of the blackout, and had temporarily disabled the protection systems contrary to Florida Power & Light policy.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.pacw.org/previous-magazines-2008-flippable|pages=34–35|first=Claire|last=Duffy|magazine=PAC World|title=System power outages|department=Blackout watch|date=Spring 2008|issue=4}}{{cite magazine|url=https://www.pacw.org/previous-magazines-2009-flippable|pages=36–37|first=Claire|last=Duffy|magazine=PAC World|title=Florida disturbance 2008|department=Blackout watch|date=Winter 2009|issue=7}} Additional layers of protection eventually removed the substation from service, but required 1.7 s to do so. The long fault duration caused substantial power swings, and many generators tripped off-line to protect themselves from damage; Turkey Point was one such.

David Hoffman, a nuclear supervisor at Turkey Point, resigned over the incident and was subsequently sued by Florida Power and Light for return of a bonus. Hoffman countersued, claiming he was pressured to restart the reactors while they were in a condition which in his judgment made it unsafe to do so. Upper management wanted the reactors restarted during xenon dead time, which would have led to the operators at the controls having to continuously step control rods to safely manage reactor output.

Florida Power and Light responded to the allegation, claiming Hoffman's suit was "self-motivated".{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiherald.com/457/story/945615.html|title=Court papers reveal nuclear feud at Turkey Point|work=The Miami Herald|date=March 12, 2009|access-date=March 18, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/03/12/Court_papers_Nuclear_feud_at_Fla_plant/UPI-18051236894387/ |title=Court papers: Nuclear feud at Fla. plant |work=UPI.com |date=March 12, 2009 |access-date=March 18, 2009}}

The site is home to a large wildlife preserve.

Turkey Point has been a contributing force to the reclassification of the American crocodile from endangered to the less serious category of vulnerable.CBS News. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/endangered-crocs-make-a-comeback/ Endangered Crocs Make A Comeback].

Instead of a cooling tower, the plant has a large five-by-two mile ({{convert|10|sqmi|km2|adj=on}}) network of canals covering nearly {{convert|6,000 |acres}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/library/reports/cooling-canal-system-at-the-fpl-turkey-point-power-station.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309114119/http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/library/reports/cooling-canal-system-at-the-fpl-turkey-point-power-station.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |publisher=Miami-Dade County |title=The Cooling-Canal System at the FPL Turkey Point Power Station |author=David A. Chin|access-date=October 31, 2016}} Several problems have arisen from this, including pollution of nearby national parks or water supply, particularly the Biscayne Aquifer,{{cite news |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article73855992.html |title=Florida cites FPL for Turkey Point cooling canal violations |work=Miami Herald |date=April 25, 2016 |author=Jenny Staletovich |access-date=October 31, 2016}} issues with overheating, and radioactive material.{{cite news |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/environment/article92459642.html |title=Should FPL retire its cooling canals? Report makes the case |date=July 28, 2016 |work=Miami Herald |author=Mary Ellen Klas |access-date=October 31, 2016}} Overheating in the canals twice caused the plant to shut down reactors in 2014. In September 2016, a controversial cleanup process began that included injecting hypersaline water deep into the boulder zone beneath the aquifer and/or making some of the unlined canals more shallow. 600,000 pounds of salt gets into the canal system daily, and the saltwater contamination reaches {{convert|4|mi|km}} west of the system as well as possibly into Biscayne Bay.{{cite news |url=http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/business/fpls-turkey-point-fix-wont-solve-pollution-problem/nsyXt/ |title=FPL's Turkey Point fix won't solve pollution problems, group says |work=Palm Beach Post |date=October 27, 2016 |author=Susan Salisbury |access-date=October 31, 2016}}

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's estimate of the risk each year of an earthquake intense enough to cause core damage to the reactor at Turkey Point was 1 in 100,000, according to an NRC study published in August 2010.{{Cite web |date=2011-03-16 |title=What are the odds? US nuke plants ranked by quake risk |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42103936 |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=NBC News |language=en}}{{cite web |url=http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/quake%20nrc%20risk%20estimates.pdf |title=The Cooling-Canal System at the FPL Turkey Point Power Station |access-date=2017-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525170632/http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/msnbc/Sections/NEWS/quake%20nrc%20risk%20estimates.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |df=mdy-all}} The plant is located in an area with the lowest earthquake hazard potential described by the USGS.{{Cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/florida/hazards.php |title=Florida |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118044524/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/florida/hazards.php |archive-date=November 18, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}

The Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station consists of two operational reactors, and two additional units are planned.

In 2019 the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved a second 20-year licence extension for units 3 and 4, the first time NRC had extended licences to an 80-year total lifetime.{{cite news |url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Turkey-Point-licensed-for-80-years-of-operation |title=Turkey Point licensed for 80 years of operation |publisher=World Nuclear News |date=6 December 2019 |access-date=9 December 2019}}

Speculation about the name Turkey Point, first known written reference in 1865, suggests that it is because of the presence of the anhinga.{{cite web |title=Turkey Point Works in Community Partnership |url=http://www.monroecountyem.com/DocumentCenter/View/13825/Turkey-Point-Community-Partner-PDF |website=Emergency Management of Monroe County |publisher=Florida Power & Light Company |access-date=December 8, 2019}}

{{Portal|Florida|Energy|Nuclear technology}}

• List of largest power stations in the United States
• List of power stations in Florida

{{Reflist|33em}}

• {{cite web

| url= http://www.fpl.com/environment/nuclear/about_turkey_point.shtml

| title= About Turkey Point

| publisher= Florida Power & Light Company

| access-date= March 28, 2011 }}

• {{cite web

|url = http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/reactors/turkeypoint.html

|title = Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station, Florida

|date = August 22, 2008

|publisher = U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)

|access-date = November 16, 2008

|url-status = dead

|archive-url = https://archive.today/20120527060059/http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/at_a_glance/reactors/turkeypoint.html

|archive-date = May 27, 2012

|df = mdy-all

}}

• {{cite web

| url= https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp3.html

| title= Turkey Point 3 Pressurized Water Reactor

| date= February 14, 2008 | work= Operating Nuclear Power Reactors

| publisher= U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)

| access-date= November 16, 2008 }}

• {{cite web

| url= https://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/tp4.html

| title= Turkey Point 4 Pressurized Water Reactor

| date= February 14, 2008 | work= Operating Nuclear Power Reactors | publisher= NRC

| access-date= November 16, 2008 }}

• [https://archive.today/20130203085624/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/business/sfl-flzfpl0411sbapr11,0,6409044,print.story FP&L might be fined over nuclear plant security]
• [http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/cooling-canal-study-and-feedback.asp Study on the Cooling Canal System at FPL Turkey Point Power Station]

{{U.S. Nuclear Plants}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1967 establishments in Florida

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Category:Nuclear power plants in Florida

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