Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises

{{About|the organization which mines hard coal|the organization which mines lignite|Turkish Coal Operations Authority}}

{{Short description|Turkish state-owned coal mining organization}}

{{Infobox organization

| name = Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises

| native_name = Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu

| native_name_lang = tr

| logo =

| logo_size = 200px

| abbreviation = TTK

| headquarters = Zonguldak

| image =

| formation = 1983

| type = State Owned Enterprise

| leader_name = Kazım Eroğlu

| products = hard coal

| language = Turkish

| website = [http://www.taskomuru.gov.tr/ taskomuru.gov.tr]

}}

Turkish Hard Coal Enterprises ({{langx|tr|Türkiye Taşkömürü Kurumu}}, TTK) is the heavily subsidized state owned enterprise which has a virtual monopoly in mining, processing and distribution, including importing, of hard coal in Turkey.{{refn|group=note|Taşkömür (literally stone coal) in Turkish means "hard coal". On Wikipedia, hard coal redirects to "anthracite". However total organic carbon of Turkish coal is up to 72.5%,{{Cite journal|last=Şen|first=Şamil|date=2020-10-15|title=Natural fracture, cleat, and strong adsorption impact on low oil and condensate retention in the Carboniferous shales and coals of the western Black Sea Basin of Turkey|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article-abstract/104/10/2125/590892/Natural-fracture-cleat-and-strong-adsorption|journal=AAPG Bulletin|volume=104|issue=10|pages=2125–2143|doi=10.1306/02262017372|bibcode=2020BAAPG.104.2125S |issn=0149-1423}} whereas anthracite has over 86%.{{Cite web|title=Coal explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)|url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/|access-date=2020-09-26|website=www.eia.gov}} Therefore Turkey has no anthracite and the use of the phrase "hard coal" for coal mined in Turkey does not mean anthracite.}}Doukas (2019), p. 2{{Cite web|url=http://ekonomi.haber7.com/ekonomi/haber/2949481-ttknin-ana-statusunu-belirlendi|title=TTK'nin ana statüsünü belirlendi|last=Haber7|website=Haber7|language=tr|access-date=2020-03-05}} According to 21st century data up to 2014 Armutcuk, Karadon and Uzulmez were more hazardous than Amasra and Kozlu mines.{{Cite journal|last1=Erdogan|first1=H. H.|last2=Duzgun|first2=H. S.|last3=Selcuk-Kestel|first3=A. S.|date=2019-05-01|title=Quantitative hazard assessment for Zonguldak Coal Basin underground mines|journal=International Journal of Mining Science and Technology|volume=29|issue=3|pages=453–467|doi=10.1016/j.ijmst.2018.11.004|issn=2095-2686|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019IJMST..29..453E |hdl=11511/30186|hdl-access=free}} Although coal mining accidents in Turkey decreased considerably after the government introduced tougher safety measures in the mid-2010s,{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2018/07/08/illegal-coal-mine-collapse-kills-2-workers-in-northern-turkeys-zonguldak|title=Illegal coal mine collapse kills 2 workers in northern Turkey's Zonguldak|website=DailySabah|date=8 July 2018 |access-date=2019-07-20}} the relative danger compared to other occupations since then is not publicly known, as the government restricted access to workplace death statistics.Şahin (2016), p. 36 TTK made a loss throughout the 2000s and 2010s: 112,100 lira (${{To USD round|112100|TUR|year=2019|sf=2}}) was lost (operating loss) per employee in 2019.{{Cite report|title=2019 Annual Ownership Report for State Owned Enterprises|url=https://ms.hmb.gov.tr/uploads/sites/2/2021/01/kamu_isletme_rapor_ing.pdf|website=Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey)}}{{Rp|35.36}}

TTK only sells to the public sector.{{Cite web |title=Rise in European demand for energy jolts Turkey's fading coal industry |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-coal-industry-rise-europe-energy-demand-jolts |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}} It is on the Global Coal Exit List compiled by the NGO Urgewald.{{Cite web |title=GCEL Data – Global Coal Exit List |url=https://www.coalexit.org/data |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.coalexit.org |language=en}}