Two Thumb Range

{{Short description|Mountain range in New Zealand}}

{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Two Thumb Range

| other_name =

| photo = Two Thumb Range, Canterbury, New Zealand 02.jpg

| photo_size =

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| photo_alt = The Two Thumb Range

| photo_caption = The Two Thumb Range

| highest = Mount D'Archiac

| highest_location = {{coord|-43.465|170.582|type:mountain|format=dms|display=i}}

| elevation_m = 2875

| elevation_ft =

| elevation_ref = {{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount D'Archiac |url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30928 |website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |publisher=LINZ |access-date=30 September 2024}}

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| coordinates = {{coord|43.459|S|170.602|E|region:NZ-OTA_type:mountain|format=dms|display=it}}

| coordinates_ref = {{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Two Thumb Range|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/45117|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}

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| authority = New Zealand Geographic Board

| location =

| country = New Zealand

| country_type =

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| region = Canterbury

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| width =280

| height=380

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| coord = {{coord|-43.8|170.65}}

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| shapeD = triangle

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| mark-coord1 = {{coord|-43.466|170.582}}

| label1 = Mount D'Archiac

| label-pos1=left

| mark-title1 = Mount D'Archiac (Kahuikaupeke (Māori)

| mark-description1 = {{cvt|2875|m}}

|-

| Exeter || {{convert|2327|m|ft}} || {{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Exeter|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1427|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}

| mark-coord2 = {{coord|-43.475|170.589}}

| label2 = Mount Coates

| ldy = -2

| mark-title2 = Mount Coates

| mark-description2 = {{cvt|2400|m}}

| mark-coord3 = {{coord|-43.483|170.602}}

| label3 = Mount Earle

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| ldx3 =-3

| ldy3 =1

| mark-title3 = Mount Earle

| mark-description3 = {{cvt|2410|m}}

| mark-coord4 = {{coord|-43.491|170.629}}

| label4 = East Sentinel

| ldx4 =3

| ldy4 =2

| mark-title4 = East Sentinel

| mark-description4 = {{cvt|2133|m}}

| mark-coord5 = {{coord|-43.542|170.673}}

| label5 = Graf Spee

| ldy5 =-2

| label-pos5 =left

| mark-title5 = Graf Spee

| mark-description5 = {{cvt|2267|m}}

| mark-coord6 = {{coord|-43.554|170.700}}

| label6 = Exeter

| ldx6 =-7

| ldy6 =2

| label-pos6 =left

| mark-title6 = Exeter

| mark-description6 = {{cvt|2327|m}}

| mark-coord7 = {{coord|-43.555|170.727}}

| label7 = Alma

| label-pos7=top

| mark-title7 = Alma

| mark-description7 = {{cvt|2510|m}}

| mark-coord8 = {{coord|-43.56903|170.72427}}

| label8 = Achilles Peak

| ldy8 = -1

| mark-title8 = Achilles Peak (High Peak, Low Peak is to the north-east at {{cvt|2450|m}})

| mark-description8 = {{cvt|2540|m}}

| mark-coord9 = {{coord|-43.574|170.719}}

| label9 = Myrmidon

| label-pos9=left

| ldx9 = -5

| mark-title9 = Myrmidon

| mark-description9 = {{cvt|2474|m}}

| mark-coord10 ={{coord|-43.579|170.718}}

| label10 =

| mark-title10 = Priam

| mark-description10= {{cvt|2435|m}}

| mark-coord11 ={{coord|-43.580|170.653}}

| label11 =Ajax Peak

| label-pos11 =left

| ldy11 =7

| mark-title11 = Ajax Peak

| mark-description11 = {{cvt|2319|m}}

| mark-coord12 ={{coord|-43.596|170.649}}

| label12 =Mount Ross

| ldx12 = 2

| ldy12 = 7

| mark-title12 = Mount Ross

| mark-description12 ={{cvt|2366|m}}

| label-pos12 =left

| mark-coord13 ={{coord|-43.583|170.712}}

| label13 =Tantalus

| ldx13 = 3

| ldy13 = 1

| mark-title13 = Tantalus

| mark-description13 = {{cvt|2454|m}}

| mark-coord14 ={{coord|-43.593|170.727}}

| label14 = The Thumbs

| ldy14 = 6

| mark-title14 = The Thumbs

| mark-description14 ={{cvt|2546|m}}

| mark-coord15 ={{coord|-43.613|170.741}}

| label15 = Mount Caton

| ldy15 =5

| mark-title15 = Mount Caton

| mark-description15= {{cvt|2309|m}}

| mark-coord16 ={{coord|-43.643|170.713}}

| label16 = Captains Peak

| ldy16 =2

| mark-title16 = Captains Peak

| mark-description16 = {{cvt|2371|m}}

| mark-coord17 ={{coord|-43.673|170.711}}

| label17 = Mount Toby

| mark-title17 = Mount Toby

| mark-description17 = {{cvt|2222|m}}

| mark-coord18 ={{coord|-43.716|170.684}}

| label18 = Beuzenberg Peak

| label-pos18 =left

| mark-title18 = Beuzenberg Peak

| mark-description18 = {{cvt|2070|m}}

| mark-coord19 ={{coord|-43.726|170.694}}

| label19 = Mount Hope

| ldx19 =4

| ldy19 =3

| mark-title19 = Mount Hope

| mark-description19= {{cvt|2086|m}}

| mark-coord20 ={{coord|-43.730|170.692}}

| label20 =

| mark-title20 = Braun-Elwert Peak

| mark-description20= {{cvt|2086|m}}

| mark-coord21 ={{coord|-43.750|170.635}}

| label21 = Mount Gerald

| label-pos21 =left

| mark-title21 = Mount Gerald

| mark-description21= {{cvt|1551|m}}

| mark-coord22 ={{coord|-43.767|170.773}}

| label22 = Neutral Hill

| mark-title22 = Neutral Hill

| mark-description22= {{cvt|1763|m}}

| mark-coord23 ={{coord|-43.802|170.719}}

| label23 = Mount Musgrave

| mark-title23 = Mount Musgrave

| mark-description23= {{cvt|2251|m}}

| mark-coord24 ={{coord|-43.818|170.661}}

| label24 = Round Hill

| label-pos24 =left

| mark-title24 = Round Hill

| mark-description24= {{cvt|1588|m}}

| mark-coord25 ={{coord|-43.848|170.718}}

| label25 = Mount Misery

| mark-title25 = Mount Misery

| mark-description25= {{cvt|2305|m}}

| mark-coord26 ={{coord|-43.894|170.711}}

| label26 = Sugar Loaf

| mark-title26 =Sugar Loaf

| mark-description26= {{cvt|1677|m}}

| mark-coord27 ={{coord|-43.912|170.625}}

| label27 = Mount Ardmore

| label-pos27 =left

| mark-title27 = Mount Ardmore

| mark-description27 = {{cvt|1989|m}}

| mark-coord28 ={{coord|-43.936|170.670}}

| label28 = Dobson Peak

| mark-title28 = Dobson Peak

| mark-description28 = {{cvt|2095|m}}

| mark-coord29 ={{coord|-43.981|170.632}}

| label29 = Mount Maude

| mark-title29 = Mount Maude

| mark-description29= {{cvt|1787|m}}

| mark-coord30 ={{coord|-44.008|170.598}}

| label30 = Mount Edward

| mark-title30 = Mount Edward

| mark-description230= {{cvt|1916|m}}

| mark-coord31 ={{coord|-44.049|170.633}}

| label31 = Mount Burgess

| mark-title31 = Mount Burgess

| mark-description31 = {{cvt|1430|m}}

| arc-coordA = {{coord|-43.585|170.68}}

| arc-textA =Two Thumb Range

|arc-text-colorA = gray

| arc-angleA = 75

| arc-gapA = 1.9

| arc-radiusA = 0.83

| arc-coordB = {{coord|-43.538|170.75}}

| arc-textB =Black Mountain Range

| arc-text-sizeB = 7

|arc-text-colorB = gray

| arc-angleB = -10

| arc-gapB = 0.35

| arc-radiusB = 2

| arc-coordC = {{coord|-43.825|170.662}}

| arc-textC =Richmond Range

| arc-text-sizeC = 7

|arc-text-colorC = gray

| arc-angleC = 115

| arc-gapC = 0.25

| arc-radiusC = 4

}}

| module =

}}

File:Lake Tekapo, New Zealand, looking east (ISS022-E-71548).jpg.]]

The Two Thumb Range (sometimes called the Two Thumbs Range) is a range of mountains in the Canterbury Region of New Zealand's South Island. It is located to the east of Lake Tekapo and has several peaks which rise to around {{convert|2500|m|ft}}.[https://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz27038/TWO-THUMB-RANGE/Canterbury Two Thumb Range, Canterbury], NZTopoMap. Retrieved 22 January 2022. The southern end of the range contains one of Canterbury's main skifields, Mount Dobson.

Geography

An eastern spur of the Southern Alps, the Two Thumb Range runs in a predominantly north-south direction for approximately {{convert|45|km|mi}}. It and the smaller, mostly parallel, Sibbald Range branch from the Southern Alps close to Mount D'Archaic, {{convert|40|km|mi}} northeast of Aoraki / Mount Cook. The two ranges are separated by the valley of the Macauley River and form a barrier between the valleys of the Godley River and Lake Tekapo to the west and the Rangitata River to the east. Much of the eastern side of Lake Tekapo is separated from the range by the lower Richmond Range branch. As for the Richmond Range branch of the range, several smaller ranges branch off towards the east including from near Archilles Low Peak the Black Mountain Range and at Mount Caton, the Brabazon Range. The Two Thumb Range's peaks diminish in size towards its southern end, which is immediately to the east of the town of Lake Tekapo, after which it splits into two less significant ranges, the Rollesby and Albury ranges. At the saddle between the Two Thumb Range and these ranges, State Highway 8 crosses Burkes Pass on its route between Lake Tekapo and Fairlie.Dowling, P. (ed.) (2004). ’’Reed New Zealand atlas’’. Auckland: Reed Publishing. {{ISBN|0 7900 0952 8}}

The South Opuha, Havelock, and Coal Rivers have their sources within the Two Thumb Range, as do numerous smaller watercourses, the most notable of which is Forest Creek, a tributary of the Rangitata River.

=Peaks=

class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Named Peaks in Two Thumb Range (from north to south):

NameHeightLocation
Mount D'Archiac{{convert|2875|m|ft}}{{coord
43.465|170.582}}
Mount Coates{{convert|2400|m|ft}}{{coord
43.475|170.589}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Coates|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3673|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Earle{{convert|2410|m|ft}}{{coord
43.483|170.602}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Earle|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3691|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
East Sentinel{{convert|2133|m|ft}}{{coord
43.491|170.629}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – East Sentinel|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1340|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Graf Spee{{convert|2267|m|ft}}{{coord
43.542|170.673}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Graf Spee|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1765|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Exeter{{convert|2327|m|ft}}{{coord
43.554|170.700}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Exeter|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1427|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Alma{{convert|2510|m|ft}}{{coord
43.555|170.727}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Alma|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/15340|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Achilles (Low Peak){{convert|2450|m|ft}}{{coord
43.56533|170.73026}}
Achilles Peak (High Peak){{convert|2540|m|ft}}{{coord
43.56903|170.72427}}
Mount Chevalier{{convert|2404|m|ft}}{{coord
43.56908|170.65139}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Chevalier|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30867|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Myrmidon{{convert|2474|m|ft}}{{coord
43.574|170.719}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Myrmidon|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3909|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Priam{{convert|2435|m|ft}}{{coord
43.579|170.718}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Priam|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/4754|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Ajax Peak{{convert|2319|m|ft}}{{coord
43.580|170.653}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Ajax Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/44|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Tantalus{{convert|2454|m|ft}}{{coord
43.583|170.712}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Tantalus|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/41500|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
The Thumbs{{convert|2546|m|ft}}{{coord
43.593|170.727}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – The Thumbs|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/43833|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Electra Peak{{convert|2447|m|ft}}{{coord
43.594|170.716}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Electra Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1363|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Ross{{convert|2366|m|ft}}{{coord
43.596|170.649}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Ross|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31658|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Split Peaks{{convert|2345|m|ft}}{{coord
43.605|170.737}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Split Peaks|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/5510|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Caton{{convert|2371|m|ft}}{{coord
43.613|170.741}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Caton|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3663|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Paris{{convert|2175|m|ft}}{{coord
43.614|170.695}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Paris|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/4480|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Pattisson{{convert|2313|m|ft}}{{coord
43.629|170.729}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Pattisson|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3795|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Captains Peak{{convert|2371|m|ft}}{{coord
43.643|170.713}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Captains Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/17995|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Toby{{convert|2222|m|ft}}{{coord
43.673|170.711}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Toby|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3839|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Beuzenberg Peak{{convert|2070|m|ft}}{{coord
43.716|170.684}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Beuzenberg Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/376|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Hope{{convert|2086|m|ft}}{{coord
43.726|170.694}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Hope|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31186|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Braun-Elwert Peak{{convert|2086|m|ft}}{{coord
43.730|170.692}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Braun-Elwert Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/593|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Gerald{{convert|1551|m|ft}}{{coord
43.750|170.635}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Gerald|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31082|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Neutral Hill{{convert|1763|m|ft}}{{coord
43.767|170.773}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Neutral Hill|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/32220|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Musgrave{{convert|2251|m|ft}}{{coord
43.802|170.719}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Musgrave|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31470|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Round Hill{{convert|1588|m|ft}}{{coord
43.818|170.661}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Round Hill |url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/38927|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Misery{{convert|2305|m|ft}}{{coord
43.848|170.718}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Misery|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31432|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Sugar Loaf{{convert|2305|m|ft}}{{coord
43.894|170.711}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Sugar Loaf|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/40855|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Ardmore{{convert|1989|m|ft}}{{coord
43.912|170.625}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Ardmore|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/3640|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Dobson Peak{{convert|2095|m|ft}}{{coord
43.936|170.670}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Dobson Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/1211|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Maude{{convert|1787|m|ft}}{{coord
43.981|170.632}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Maude|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/31380|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Edward{{convert|1916|m|ft}}{{coord
44.008|170.598}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Edward|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30993|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}
Mount Burgess{{convert|1430|m|ft}}{{coord
44.049|170.633}}{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Mount Burgess|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30805|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}}

= Names =

The Thumbs twin peaks in the range have been described as "twin peaks like two giant thumbs … a famous mid-Canterbury landmark." The names of several of the range's peaks, including Achilles Peak, Exeter, and Graf Spee, commemorate New Zealand's involvement in the Battle of the River Plate. There may be potential confusion over the names as for example Achilles Peak is the official name,{{cite web |title=NZGB Gazetteer – Achilles Peak|url=https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/15340|website=gazetteer.linz.govt.nz |access-date=30 September 2024}} for the highest peak of Achilles, where Achilles is an unofficial name, located as the saddle between two peaks,{{cite web|url=https://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap?v=2&ll=-43.565342,170.7302&z=14|access-date=30 September 2024|title =NZTopMap: Achilles}} that are called High and Low peaks. Further there is a Mount Achilles in Otago. Mount D'Archiac was named by Julius von Haast after the Adolphe d'Archiac.

= Geology =

Torlesse Composite Terrane rocks form the basement and range in age from the Jurassic near the Southern Alps to Permian in the east.{{cite journal|first1 =Phædra|last1 =Upton|first2 =Dave|last2 =Craw|first3 =Zoe|last3 =James|first4 =Peter O.|last4 =Koons|year =2004 |title =Structure and late Cenozoic tectonics of the southern Two Thumb range, mid Canterbury,New Zealand|journal= New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|volume =47|issue=1|pages =141–153|doi =10.1080/00288306.2004.9515043}}{{rp|p=141}} Most of the Two Thumb Range consists

of unfoliated metagreywackes, with areas of pumpellyite-actinolite.{{rp|p=1412}}

There is current and Quaternary displacement east of the Alpine Fault that has been ongoing for less than 5 million years that has resulted in uplift of the Two Thumb Range.{{rp|p=141}} The northern range is uplifting as part of the Southern Alps while distinct faulting structures are known in the southern portion. To the east of the ranges are two series of north-striking Fox Peak faults and to the west the northeast-striking Forest Creek faults that parallel the Alpine Fault at about the Mount Musgrave level in the southern range.{{rp|p=144–7}} A fault is inferred to separate the Round Hill area from the rest of the ranges.{{rp|p=148}} It has been postulated that the southern Two Thumb Range has uplifted about {{cvt|2|km}} in the last 1.5 to 2 million years.{{rp|p=150}}

.

Recreation

Dobson Peak and its surrounding terrain are the home of the Mount Dobson skifield."[http://www.tekapotourism.co.nz/winter/dobson.html Mt Dobson Ski Area]," Tekapo Tourism. Retrieved 22 January 2022. The smaller Roundhill Ski Area is also located within the range.

New Zealand's major north-to-south walking track, Te Araroa Trail, crosses the Rangitata River before following the valley of a tributary, Bush Stream, into the Two Thumb Range. It crosses the range at Stag Saddle — the trail's highest point at {{convert|1925|m|ft}} — immediately to the north of Mount Hope, before following the eastern shore of Lake Tekapo south."[https://www.teararoa.org.nz/the-trail/canterbury/canterbury-trail-notes/#TwoThumbTrack Two Thumb Track]," Te Araroa - New Zealand's Trail, updated 20 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.

References