Tyniec Sacramentarium

It is one of the oldest surviving codices in Poland, where it first arrived during the Middle Ages, kept in Poland for almost 1,000 years.{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}} It was transcribed and decorated with illuminations in Cologne, probably at the Monastery of St Pantaleon around 1072–75.{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}} Shortly afterwards or in the 12th century it was offered to the Benedictine Abbey in Tyniec near Kraków.{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}} It was stolen during the Swedish invasion in the 17th century.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} Repurchased in Kraków, it returned to Tyniec.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} In 1814 the manuscript was bought from the monks by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski and included in the library of the Zamoyski family in the Blue Palace in Warsaw.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}}{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}}

During World War II the Nazis tried to take the manuscript to Berlin, but thanks to the endeavours of librarians, scholars and diplomats, they left it in the Zamoyski Library.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} After the Warsaw Uprising the manuscript was secretly evacuated and hidden in the collegiate church at Łowicz.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} After the war in 1946, Jan Zamoyski, the final owner of the Zamoyski family fee tail, deposited the family library with the National Library of Poland.{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}}{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} Since May 2024, the manuscript has been exhibited at the permanent exhibition in the Palace of the Commonwealth in Warsaw.{{cite web |url= https://bn.org.pl/en/news/5313-palace-of-the-commonwealth-open-to-visitors.html |title= Palace of the Commonwealth open to visitors |date= 2024-05-28 |publisher= National Library of Poland |access-date= 2024-06-11}}{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}}

The Sacramentary contains prayers for the priest celebrating Mass.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} Magnificently decorated, it is one of the most precious artefacts of the Ottonian manuscript painting school.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}}{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}}{{Cite book |last1=Beuckers |first1=Klaus Gereon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L7kEAAAQBAJ&dq=Tyniec+Sacramentarium&pg=PR77 |title=Das Sakramentar aus Tyniec: Eine Prachthandschrift des 11. Jahrhunderts und die Beziehungen zwischen Köln und Polen in der Zeit Kasimirs des Erneuerers |last2=Bihrer |first2=Andreas |date=2018-08-13 |publisher=Böhlau Köln |isbn=978-3-412-50314-7 |pages=374 |language=de}} The sumptuous form of The Sacramentary indicates that the codex belonged to the so-called king’s manuscripts, which reflected the monarchy’s splendour.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}}

The manuscript consists of 470 pages.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} 38 of them is written in gold and silver on purple-stained parchment pages.{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}}{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}} Pages 7–30 contains a calendar. The manuscript contains 13 decorated initials (two full-page plaited initials) and two fullpage miniatures – the Crucifixion and the Maiestas Domini.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}}{{sfn|Makowski|Sapała|2024|p=24–25}} It also contains the oldest musical notation in Poland in chironomic form.{{sfn|More precious than gold|2003|loc=section ″The Tyniec Sacramentary″}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |editor-first1=Tomasz |editor-last1= Makowski | editor-link1=Tomasz Makowski (librarian) | editor-first2= Patryk| editor-last2 = Sapała |date=2024 |publication-place=Warsaw |publisher= National Library of Poland|title=The Palace of the Commonwealth. Three times opened. Treasures from the National Library of Poland at the Palace of the Commonwealth}}
• {{cite book |editor-first1=Halina |editor-last1= Tchórzewska-Kabata | editor-first2= Maciej| editor-last2 = Dąbrowski |date=2003 |translator-first1=Janina |translator-last1=Dorosz |publication-place=Warsaw |publisher= National Library of Poland|title=More precious than gold. Treasures of the Polish National Library (electronic version) |isbn = 83-7009-402-3|url=https://www.bn.org.pl/download/document/1236004326.pdf |ref = {{harvid|More precious than gold|2003}}}}

{{Commons category|Tyniec Sacramentary|Tyniec Sacramentay}}

• [https://polona.pl/preview/b2e025dd-f1d9-4a15-ba71-4c7f8f6bd65b Tyniec Sacramentay] at the Polona digital library

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Category:Christian illuminated manuscripts

Category:Manuscripts in the National Library of Poland