Type 052 destroyer
{{short description|Class of Chinese guided missile destroyers}}
{{Distinguish|Type 52 gunboat}}
{{redirect|Type 052|other uses|Type 52 (disambiguation)}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - 20 Years of Cooperation with the Chinese Navy (5).jpg | Ship caption = Qingdao at Haifa port, Israel in 2012 }} {{Infobox ship class overview | Name = | Builders = Jiangnan Shipyard | Operators = {{navy|CHN}} Surface Force | Class before = Type 051 | Class after = Type 051B | Subclasses = | Cost = | Built range = 1990 – 1996 | In service range = 1994 – present | In commission range = | Total ships building = | Total ships planned = | Total ships completed = 2 | Total ships cancelled = | Total ships active = 2 | Total ships laid up = | Total ships lost = | Total ships retired = | Total ships preserved = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship class = | Ship type = Guided-missile destroyer | Ship tonnage = | Ship displacement = 4,674 tons | Ship length = {{convert|144|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{convert|16|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship height = | Ship draught = {{convert|5.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship draft = | Ship depth = | Ship hold depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = *2 x General Electric LM2500 gas turbines ({{convert|55000|shp|kW |
2|abbr=on}}) (112)
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| 2|abbr=on}}) (113)
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| 2|abbr=on}})
| Ship sail plan = | Ship speed = {{convert|31|kn|abbr=on}} | Ship range = {{convert|5000|nmi|abbr=on}} at 15 kn | Ship endurance = | Ship test depth = | Ship boats = | Ship capacity = | Ship troops = | Ship crew = | Ship time to activate = | Ship sensors = *Type 517B air search radar
| Ship armament = *4 × 4 YJ-83 anti-ship missiles
| Ship armour = | Ship armor = | Ship aircraft = 2 helicopters: Harbin Z-9C | Ship aircraft facilities = *Landing platform | Ship notes = }} |
The Type 052 (NATO/OSD Luhu-class destroyer{{cite web |title=China Equipment |url=https://www.oni.navy.mil/Portals/12/Intel%20agencies/China_Media/China_Equipment.pdf?ver=2015-12-10-103822-400 |website=United States Navy Office of Naval Intelligence |date=February 2015 |access-date=14 March 2022}}) is a class of destroyers developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC) for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The Type 052 was an intermediate between the obsolescent Type 051Kirchberger (2015): page 186 and the modern Type 052B destroyers.Kirchberger (2015): page 195McDevitt (2017): page 57 They were the first PLAN destroyers powered by gas turbines, and the first PLAN ships with modern combat direction systems (CDS). They were also part of the first generation of PLAN warships armed with surface-to-air missiles in the form of the short-range Crotale (called HQ-7 in Chinese service.)Kirchberger (2015): page 231
The Type 052 used subsystems imported from the United States and the European Union. The embargo after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre ended the supply of and support for those subsystems, limiting production to two ships and likely affecting their operating efficiency due to system integration issues. Afterward, China turned to Russia and Ukraine for technology.Kirchberger (2015): page 143
Programme
The Type 052 was the first PLAN warship where the CDS was designed before the ship. The CDS, possible the ZKJ-6 based on the Italian IPN-10 or IPN-20,Kirchberger (2015): page 188 began development in 1983 and underwent land-based testing in December 1986. Two ships were ordered in 1985, but delayed by export orders to Thailand. The first, Harbin, was laid down in November 1990 and commissioned in July 1994. Qingdao was commissioned in March 1996.{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephan |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |date=2015 |page=141 |isbn=978-0710631435}}
In 2003, Harbin was refitted with a low radar profile 100mm gun turret in 2003; Qingdao followed in 2005.
A major refit began in 2010 for Harbin and Qingdao in 2011 which included changes to sensors and weapons, gas turbine replacement, and some hull work.
Design
=Machinery=
The ships were completed with different gas turbines due to the embargo; Harbin with two General Electric LM2500s from the United States, and Qingdao with two Zorya-Mashproekt DA80s from Ukraine.Collins and Grubb (2008): page 36
=Sensors=
The original sensors included the Type 518 air search radar, the Type 362 search radar,{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephan |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |page=138 |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-7106-2888-6}} and the FrenchCollins and Grubb (2008): page 32 DUBV-43 variable depth sonar. These were replaced during the 2010 refit with the Type 517 radar, the Type 362 radar, and a linear towed array sonar respectively.
=Weapons=
The ships are armed with an octuple HQ-7/Crotale launcher, and a total of 32 missiles. France agreed to sell the missile systems in 1986, and they were delivered after October 1990.{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1=Bates |last2=Taeho |first2=Kim |title=China's Arms Acquisitions from Abroad: A Quest for 'Superb and Secret Weapons' |series=SIPRI Research Repor |volume=11 |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=79 |date=1995 |isbn=0-19-829195-7}}
Four Type 76A twin 37 mm guns were installed at construction. They were removed during 2010 refit, and the aft pair replaced by a pair of Type 730 CIWS.
=Other=
The CDS installed on the Type 052 is unclear.Kirchberger (2015): page 187 One ship may have received the Thomson-CSF TAVITAC; the PRC bought two TAVITACs from France in the 1980s.Kirchberger (2015): page 185 The TAVITAC may be known as, or modified into, the ZKJ-5 CDS in PRC service. The other ship may have received the ZKJ-6.
The quarterdecks were built open, and enclosed during the 2010 refit.
The ships may have had severe survivability issues like earlier PLAN warships. Observations by foreign visitors to Harbin in March 1997 suggested limited damage control capability and crew safety features.
Operational history
Qingdao participated in the PLAN's first cruise to circumnavigate Earth in 2002. German technicians were flown in to repair its diesel engines during the cruise.
Ships of the class
| class="wikitable"
! Number !!style="line-height:1.2em;"| Pennant |
| 1
| City of Harbin, |
| 2
| City of Qingdao |Jiangnan Shipyard |
Gallery
Defense.gov News Photo 970309-N-9815L-005.jpg|Harbin at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 1997 with the original main gun turret.
People's Liberation Army Navy LUHU Destroyer, Harbin (DDG112).jpg|Harbin at Auckland, New Zealand, in 2007 with the low radar profile turret.
CNS_Qingdao_(DDG-113).jpg|Qingdao in 2013 after the major refit.
See also
References
{{Commons category|Type 052 destroyer}}
{{reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Gabriel |last2=Grubb |first2=Michael C. |date=August 2008 |title=A Comprehensive Survey of China's Dynamic Shipbuilding Industry |series=China Maritime Studies |volume=1 |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/9/ |publisher=United States Naval War College |page= |isbn=978-1-884733-54-3 |access-date=18 March 2022}}
- {{cite book |last=Kirchberger |first=Sarah |date=2015 |title=Assessing China's Naval Power: Technological Innovation, Economic Constraints, and Strategic Implications |series=Global Power Shift |url= |location= |publisher=Springer |page= |isbn=978-3-662-47127-2 }}
- {{cite journal |last1=McDevitt |first1=Michael |date=2017 |title=The Modern PLA Navy Destroyer Force |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/13/ |journal=CSMI Red Book |volume=14 |pages=55–65 |publisher=United States Naval War College |isbn=978-1-935352-45-7 |access-date=28 April 2019 }}
{{Type 052 destroyer}}
{{Ship classes of the Chinese Navy}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Type 052 Destroyer}}