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Type 16 frigate

{{Short description|1951 class of frigates of the Royal Navy}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=HMS Tenacious (F44) at anchor.jpg

|Ship caption=Type 16 frigate HMS Tenacious (F44)

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{{Infobox ship class overview

|Name=

|Builders=

|Operators=*{{navy|United Kingdom}}

  • {{navy|Pakistan}}

|Class before=

|Class after=

|Subclasses=

|Cost=

|Built range=1949–1954

|In service range=

|In commission range=1951–1967

|Total ships building=

|Total ships planned=

|Total ships completed=10

|Total ships cancelled=

|Total ships active=

|Total ships laid up=

|Total ships lost=

|Total ships retired=

|Total ships preserved=

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption=for T-class conversion

|Ship class=

|Ship type=Anti-submarine Frigate

|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1800|LT|t}} standard

  • {{convert|2300|LT|t}} full load

|Ship length= {{convert|362|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} o/a

|Ship beam= {{convert|37|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}

|Ship height=

|Ship draught= {{convert|14|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}

|Ship depth=

|Ship propulsion=*2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers

  • Steam turbines, 40,000 shp
  • 2 shafts

|Ship speed= {{convert|32|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} full load

|Ship range=

|Ship complement=175

|Ship sensors=*Type 293Q target indication Radar

  • Type 974 navigation Radar
  • Type 1010 Cossor Mark 10 IFF
  • Type 146B search Sonar
  • Type 147 depth finder Sonar
  • Type 162 target classification Sonar
  • Type 174 attack Sonar

|Ship EW=

|Ship armament=*1 × twin QF 4-inch naval gun Mk XVI

|Ship armour=

|Ship notes=

}}

The Type 16 frigates were a class of British anti-submarine frigates of the Royal Navy. They were based on the hulls of World War II-era destroyers that had been rendered obsolete by rapid advances in technology. They were similar in concept to the Type 15 frigate, but were a far more limited design rendered necessary by budget constraints.

History

At the start of the Cold War, the Royal Navy was in urgent need of fast escort ships to counter the large number of {{sclass2|Whiskey|submarine}}s being built by the Soviet Union, which were faster than the Royal Navy's existing sloops and frigates. Britain had large numbers of War Emergency Programme destroyers, which while relatively new, were poorly equipped for modern fleet purposes, with poor anti-aircraft armament and fire control. It was therefore decided to convert the Emergency Programme destroyers to interim escorts to meet the Royal Navy's requirements until new-build ships (which eventually became the Type 12 and Type 14 frigates) could be designed and built. The initial design was the Type 15 frigate or Rapid class, which was a major rebuild of the ships, with an extended forecastle and new superstructure giving improved accommodation and complete replacement of the ships' armament and sensors.Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, pp. 480, 512. At one time, it was planned to convert 57 destroyers to the Type 15 standard,Friedman 2006, p. 219. but the cost of such a large programme proved prohibitive, with only 23 ships becoming Type 15 frigates. Instead, a simpler and cheaper conversion, the Type 16 was ordered.Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, pp. 512–513.

The Type 16 conversion removed the existing gun armament, substituting a twin 4 inch gun forward with a close-in anti-aircraft armament of seven Bofors 40 mm guns, with simpler fire control than used in the Type 15. Anti-submarine armament consisted of two Squid anti-submarine mortars, while a quadruple set of 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes provided a limited anti-surface ship armament.Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 513.

Ships

class="wikitable"

!Name

!Pennant

!Built byMarriott 1983, p. 44.

!Laid down

!Launched

!Completed

!Converted by

!Fate

colspan=8|O and P-class conversion
{{HMS|Orwell|G98|2}}

| F98

|Thornycroft, Woolston

|16 May 1940

|2 April 1942

|7 October 1942

|Royal Dockyard, Rosyth, 1952

|Broken up, 1965

{{HMS|Paladin|G69|2}}

|F169

|J Brown, Clydebank

|22 July 1940

|11 June 1941

|12 December 1941

|Royal Dockyard, Rosyth, 1954

|Broken up, 1962

{{HMS|Petard|G56|2}}

|F56

|Vickers Armstrong, Tyne

|26 December 1939

|27 March 1941

|14 June 1942

|Harland & Wolff, Belfast, 1953–1955

|Broken up, 1967

colspan=8 |T-class conversion
{{HMS|Teazer|R23|2}}

|F23

|Cammell Laird

|20 October 1940

|7 January 1943

|13 September 1943

|Mountstart Dry Docks, Cardiff, 1953–1954

|Broken up, 1965

{{HMS|Tenacious|R45|2}}

|F44

|Cammell Laird

|3 December 1941

|24 March 1943

|30 October 1943

|Royal Dockyard, Rosyth, 1951–1952

|Broken up, 1965

{{HMS|Termagant|R89|2}}

|F189

|Denny, Dumbarton

|25 November 1941

|22 March 1943

|30 October 1943

|Grayson Rollo, Birkenhead, 1952–1953

|Broken up, 1965

{{HMS|Terpsichore|R33|2}}

|F19

|Denny, Dumbarton

|25 November 1941

|17 June 1943

|20 January 1944

|J. I. Thornycroft, Woolston, Hampshire, 1953–1954

|Broken up, 1966

{{HMS|Tumult|R11|2}}

|F121

|J Brown, Clydebank

|16 November 1941

|9 November 1941

|2 April 1943

|Grayson Rollo, Birkenhead, 1949–1950

|Broken up, 1965

{{HMS|Tuscan|R56|2}}

|F156

|Swan Hunter, Wallsend

|9 September 1941

|28 May 1942

|11 March 1943

|Mountstart Dry Docks, Cardiff, 1949–1950

|Broken up, 1966

{{HMS|Tyrian|R67|2}}

|F67

|Swan Hunter, Wallsend

|15 October 1941

|27 July 1942

|8 April 1943

|Harland & Wolff, Liverpool &
Gordon Alison, Birkenhead, 1951–1953

|Broken up, 1965

Ex-O class destroyers of the Pakistan Navy Onslow / Tippu Sultan and Onslaught / Tughril were returned to the UK between 1957 and 1959 to be converted along the lines of the Type 16 frigate.

Also two ex-W class destroyers of the South African Navy: SAS Jan van Riebeeck (ex-Wessex) and SAS Simon van der Stel (ex-Whelp) underwent conversions to modified Type 16 frigates in 1962–66.Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 334. They differed mainly in ability to carry two Westland Wasp helicopters, instead of having a Squid launcher.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Publications

  • {{Cite Colledge2006}}
  • Friedman, Norman. [https://books.google.com/books?id=hF8H0D05Hm0C&dq=type+16+frigate&pg=PA226 British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After]. London: Chatham Publishing, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1-86176-137-8}}.
  • Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. {{ISBN|1-55750-132-7}}.
  • Marriott, Leo. Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983 Ian Allan, 1983, {{ISBN|0-7110-1322-5}}

{{Type 16 frigate}}

Category:Frigate classes

Category:Ship classes of the Royal Navy