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Type C3-class ship

{{Short description|Ship type}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Infobox ship begin

| sclass = 2

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|+Type C3

{{Infobox ship image

| Ship image = USSHercules.jpg

| Ship caption = Exporter, the first C3 ship to be completed. Shown in 1943, after conversion by the US Navy to {{USS|Hercules|AK-41|6}}.

}}

{{Infobox ship class overview

| Builders =

| Operators =

| Class before = Type C2

| Class after = Type C4

| Subclasses =

| Built range = 1940–1947

| In service range =

| Total ships building =

| Total ships planned =

| Total ships completed = 238

| Total ships cancelled =

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{{Infobox ship characteristics

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| Ship type =

| Ship tonnage = 7,800 gross tons

| Ship displacement = 12,000 deadweight tons.

| Ship length = {{convert|492|ft|abbr=on}}

| Ship beam = {{convert|69.5|ft|abbr=on}}

| Ship height =

| Ship draught =

| Ship draft = {{convert| 28.5|ft|abbr=on}}

| Ship depth =

| Ship decks =

| Ship deck clearance =

| Ship ramps =

| Ship ice class =

| Ship sail plan =

| Ship power = turbine developing 8,500 hp

| Ship propulsion =

| Ship speed = {{convert|16.5|kn}} (designed)

| Ship capacity =

| Ship crew =

| Ship notes =

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Type C3-class ships were the third type of cargo ship designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in the late 1930s. As it had done with the Type C1 ships and Type C2 ships, MARCOM circulated preliminary plans for comment. The design presented was not specific to any service or trade route, but was a general purpose ship that could be modified for specific uses. A total of 162 C3 ships were built from 1939 to 1946.[http://shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/2c3cargoships.htm shipbuildinghistory.com shipbuildinghistory.com, List of all C3 ships]

The C3 was larger and faster than the C1 and C2 contemporaries, measuring {{convert|492|ft}} from stem to stern (vs. {{convert|459|ft}} for the C2), and designed to make {{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}} (vs. {{convert|15.5|kn|abbr=on}} for the C2). Like the C2, it had five cargo holds. A total of 465 of these ships were built between 1940 and 1947. A total of 75 ships were built with C3 hulls and engines, but not built as cargo ships.

During World War II, many C3 ships were converted to naval uses, particularly as {{sclass|Bogue|escort carrier}}s, and as {{sclass|Windsor|attack transport|0}} and {{sclass|Bayfield|attack transport}}s, Klondike-class destroyer tenders, submarine tenders, and seaplane tenders.

Ships in type

  • C3 DWT 12,595
  • Elizabeth C. Stanton-class (AP 4 hulls)
  • C3 multiple or unverified sub-types
  • Klondike-class (AD 4 hulls)
  • President Jackson-class (AP 2+5 hulls, APA 5)
  • Windsor-class (AP 1 hull, APA 8+1)
  • Kenneth Whiting-class (AV 4 hulls) {{cite web|url=https://www.navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/KENNETH_WHITING_AV_14 |title=KENNETH WHITING AV 14 |publisher=Naval Cover Museum |access-date=5 May 2023}}
  • C3-A DWT 10,000 as in {{USS|President Polk|AP-103|6}}
  • C3-E DWT 9,514 as in {{USS|Hercules|AK-41|6}}
  • C3-P&C DWT 10,000 some converted to {{sclass|Avenger|escort carrier}}
  • C3-S-A1 DWT 12,595 as in {{HMS|Tracker|D24|6}} some converted to {{sclass|Bogue|escort carrier|1}}
  • C3-S-A2 DWT 12,595
  • Bayfield-class (AP 16 hulls, APA 16+18)
  • Aegir-class (AS 4 hulls)
  • C3-S1-A3 DWT 12,595
  • Frederick Funston-class (AP 2 hulls, APA same 2 hulls)
  • C3-S-A4 DWT 11,000 the six President ships
  • C3-S-A5 DWT 11,800 as in {{HMS|Chaser|D32|6}}
  • C3-S1-BR1 DWT 9,900, three built: Del Norte, Del Sud & Del Mar
  • C3-S-BH1 DWT 12,600 five built: Tillie Lykes, Almeria Lykes, Lipscomb Lykes, Norman Lykes & Doctor Lykes
  • C3 Mod. DWT 12,430, as in {{USS|Euryale|AS-22|6}}
  • C3 conversion: Two Sun Ship C3 ships were converted to {{sclass|Long Island|escort carrier|1}}s. Mormacmail renamed {{USS|Long Island|CVE-1|6}} and Mormacland renamed {{HMS|Archer|D78|6}} both were converted to escort carriers, at a top speed of {{convert|16.5|kn}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.moore-mccormack.com/Cargo-Liners/Mormacland.htm |title=Moore-McCormack, Mormacland |publisher=Moore-McCormack |access-date=18 March 2009}}{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/ESCORT/ARCHER.htm |title=A history of HMS Archer |publisher=Royal Navy Research Archive |access-date=18 March 2009}}

Production

=Modified and redesignated=

  • 45 {{sclass|Bogue|escort carrier}}s
  • 59 Attack transports
  • 3 {{sclass|Arthur Middleton|attack transport|4}}
  • 4 {{sclass|Crescent City|attack transport|4}}
  • 2 {{sclass|Frederick Funston|attack transport|4}}
  • 9 {{sclass|Windsor|attack transport|4}}
  • 34 {{sclass|Bayfield|attack transport|4}}
  • 7 {{sclass|President Jackson|attack transport|4}}
  • 7 Submarine tenders
  • {{USS|Euryale|AS-22|3}}
  • 2 {{sclass|Griffin|submarine tender|0}}
  • 4 {{sclass|Aegir|submarine tender|0}}
  • 2 {{sclass|Delta|repair ship}}s
  • AR-9 (prev: AK-29), AR-12
  • 2 {{sclass|Amphion|repair ship}}s
  • {{USS|Amphion|AR-13}}, {{USS|Cadmus|AR-14}}
  • 2 Seaplane tenders
  • {{USS|Tangier|AV-8}}, {{USS|Chandeleur|AV-10}}

Notable incidents

  • {{SS|Express|1940|2}} a C3-E, was torpedoed and sank off the coast of Madagascar on 30 June 1942.
  • {{SS|Almeria Lykes|1940|2}} a C3, renamed Empire Condor was torpedoed and sank off coast of Tunisia on 13 August 1942.
  • Rio Hudson a C3-P&C, rebuilt and converted to Avenger-class escort carrier. Was renamed {{HMS|Avenger|D14|6}} was torpedoed and sank near Gibraltar on 15 November 1942.
  • {{USS|Block Island|CVE-21|6}} USN CVE-21, a C3-S-A1, was torpedoed and sank near the Azores-Canary Islands on 29 May 1944.
  • Rio de Janeiro a C3-P&C, Avenger-class escort carrier, renamed {{HMS|Dasher|D37|6}}, exploded and sank in the Lower Clyde in Scotland in 1943.
  • The SS Jacob Luckenbach, originally Sea Robbin, sank on 14 July 1953 after a collision off San Francisco in fog with another C3 ship, the SS Hawaiian Pilot (originally {{USS|Burleigh|APA-95}}). Both ships were built at Ingalls and were only five hull numbers apart. The wreck was determined in 2002 to be a source of oil pollution and about 85,000 gallons of oil were removed.{{cite web |title=The Shipwreck Jacob Luckenbach |url=https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/maritime/expeditions/luckenbach.html |publisher=National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration }}
  • The USNS Card was attacked on 2 May 1964, while moored dockside in Saigon, a North Vietnamese frogman, Lam Son Nao, planted an explosive charge that blew a hole in the hull, killing five crewmen.

See also

Citations

{{reflist}}

References

  • {{cite book |title=From America to United States: The History of the Long-range Merchant Shipbuilding Programme of the United States Maritime Commission |first=L.A. |last=Sawyer |first2=W.H. |last2=Mitchell |location=London |date=1981 |publisher=World Ship Society}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.usmm.org/c3ships.html |title=United States Maritime Commission C3 Type Ships |website=American Merchant Marine at War |access-date=2013-07-18}}

{{Type C3 ships}}

{{Type C3-E ships}}

{{Type C3-S-A1 ships}}

{{Type C3-S-A2 ships}}

{{Type C3-P&C ships}}

{{Avenger class escort carrier}}

{{Bogue class escort carrier}}

{{Long Island class escort carrier}}

{{Bayfield class attack transport}}

{{Windsor class attack transport}}

{{Klondike class destroyer tender}}

{{Whiting class seaplane tender}}

{{MARCOMships}}

{{WWII US ships}}

Category:Ship types

Category: Standard ship types of the United States

Category:Auxiliary ship classes of the United States Navy

Category:Type C3-P&C ships

Category:Type C3-E ships

Category:Type C3-S-A1 ships of the Royal Navy