Type I submarine

{{Short description|Class of German U-boat}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

| Ship image = U-25.jpg

| Ship image size = 300px

| Ship caption = {{GS|U-25|1936|2}}, a Type I U-boat.

}}

{{Infobox ship class overview

| Name =

| Builders = Deschimag, Bremen

| Operators = {{Navy|Nazi Germany|name=Kriegsmarine}}

| Class before = Spanish Type E1

| Class after = *Type VII (patrol submarine)

| Subclasses =

| Cost = {{Reichsmark|4,500,000|link=yes}}

| Built range =

| In service range =

| In commission range = 1936 – 1940

| Total ships planned = 2

| Total ships completed = 2

| Total ships lost = 2

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

| Hide header =

| Header caption =

| Ship class =

| Ship type =

| Ship displacement = *{{convert|862|t|LT|lk=on|abbr=on}} surfaced

  • {{convert|982|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
  • Official displacement was 712 tons standard

| Ship length = {{convert|72.39|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship beam = {{convert|6.21|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship draft = {{convert|4.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship propulsion = *Diesel-electric:

3080|PS|shp kW|lk=on|abbr=on}}
  • 2 × BBC GG UB 720/8 double acting electric motors with {{convert|1000|PS|shp kW|abbr=on}}
  • | Ship speed = *{{convert|17.7

    18.6|kn|lk=on}} surfaced

    • {{convert|8.3|kn}} submerged

    | Ship range = *{{convert|7,900|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced

    • {{convert|78|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged

    | Ship test depth = {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}}

    | Ship complement = 4 officers, 39 enlisted

    | Ship sensors =

    | Ship armament = *6 × torpedo tubes (four bow, two stern)

    | Ship notes =

    }}

    The Type I U-boat was the first post–World War I attempt to produce an oceangoing submarine for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. The type was based on the Spanish Type E-1{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=39}} and Finnish CV707, which were both designed by Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw.Rössler (2001), pp. 98-99. Only two Type IAs were built.Showell (2006), p. 73. They were not a successful design : due to its single rudder they had a large turning circle and were not very manoeuvrable. The gravity center of the U-boat was too forward so on the surface the type I had its propellers exposed when she was pitching. Whilst submerged there were problems with depth keeping and stability as air bubbles in the fuel tanks wobbled back and forth. Diving was very slow: at full speed and with six tons of negative buoyancy it took forty seconds to reach ten metres depth. As a result, the type was discontinued and the new type IX class of ocean-going U-boats was designed.{{Sfn|Paterson|2003|p=x-xi}}

    Service history

    Constructed by Deschimag in Bremen, the first Type IA was launched on 14 February 1936.Sharpe (1998), p. 13. The two boats produced, {{GS|U-25|1936|2}} and {{GS|U-26|1936|2}}, were primarily used as training vessels and for propaganda purposes to fly the Nazi flag. In 1940, the boats were called into combat duty due to the shortage of available submarines.Williamson (2005), p. 16. Both boats experienced short, but successful combat careers. U-25 participated in five war cruises, sinking eight enemy ships. On 3 August 1940, while on a mine laying mission near Norway, U-25 struck a mine and sank with all hands on board.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=39}}

    U-26 carried out eight war cruises, sinking three merchant ships on its first mission laying mines. On its second war cruise it became the first U-boat during World War II to enter the Mediterranean Sea. U-26 participated in three other successful war patrols, sinking four additional merchant ships. On its eighth war cruise the boat sank three merchant ships and damaged another ship the next day. The attack on this ship led to severe depth-charging by two British warships, including {{HMS|Gladiolus|K34|6}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=39}} Unable to dive, U-26 was forced to surface where she was bombed by a Sunderland flying boat. The crew scuttled the submarine and were rescued by Allied warships.

    List of Type I submarines

    • {{GS|U-25|1936}}
    • {{GS|U-26|1936}}

    References

    {{Reflist}}

    Bibliography

    {{refbegin}}

    • {{cite book

    |last1=Gröner

    |first1=Erich

    |last2=Jung

    |first2=Dieter

    |last3=Maass

    |first3=Martin

    |translator-last1=Thomas

    |translator-first1=Keith

    |translator-last2=Magowan

    |translator-first2=Rachel

    |year=1991

    |title=German Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels

    |volume=2

    |location=London

    |publisher=Conway Maritime Press

    |isbn=0-85177-593-4

    |ref=CITEREFGröner1991

    }}

    • {{Cite book |last=Paterson |first=Lawrence |title=Second U-Boat Flottila |publisher=Leo Cooper |year=2003 |isbn=0-85052-917-4 |edition= |location= |language= }}
    • {{cite book |last=Sharpe |first=Peter |date=1998 |title=U-Boat Fact File: Detailed Service Histories of the Submarines Operated by the Kriegsmarine 1935-1945 |location=Leicester |publisher=Midland Publishing |isbn=1-85780-072-9}}
    • {{cite book |last=Showell |first=Jak P. Mallmann |date=2006 |title=The U-boat Century: German Submarine Warfare 1906-2006 |location=London |publisher=Chatham Publishing |isbn=9781861762412}}
    • {{cite book |last=Rössler |first=Eberhard |date=2001 |title=The U-boat: The evolution and technical history of German submarines |location=London |publisher=Cassell & Co |isbn=0-304-36120-8}}
    • {{cite book |last=Williamson |first=Gordon |date=2005 |title=Wolf Pack: The Story of the U-boat in World War II |location=Oxford |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=1-84176-872-3}}

    {{refend}}