Typhoon Bualoi

{{Infobox weather event

| image = Bualoi 2019-10-22 0540Z.jpg

| caption = Bualoi near its peak intensity while north of the Mariana Islands on October 22.

| formed = October 18, 2019

| dissipated = October 25, 2019

}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA

| winds = 100

| pressure = 935

}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 140

| pressure = 922

| basin = WPac

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| year = 2019

| fatalities = 13

| injuries = 13

| damages = 200000000

| damage-prefix = >

| areas = Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 2019 Pacific typhoon season

}}

Typhoon Bualoi was a tropical cyclone in October 2019 that brought floods over Japan. The fortieth tropical depression, and the eleventh typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, Bualoi originated from a disturbance east of the Marshall Islands on October 17, 2019, that quickly organized to a tropical depression on October 19, earning the designated name 22W. Favorable conditions strengthened the depression into a tropical storm. The Japan Meteorological Agency gave it the name Bualoi in response. Bualoi rapidly intensified and became a typhoon on October 20, before its rate of strengthening was stopped by a tropical upper tropospheric trough the following day. The rate was later recommenced through rapid intensification, making Bualoi reach its peak on October 22 as a Category 5-equivalent typhoon, with 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|185|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} and one-minute sustained winds of {{convert|260|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}}. Bualoi rapidly weakened on October 23 due to wind shear and continued before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone and dissipating on October 25.

After affecting the Mariana Islands, where an emergency declaration was issued, warm moist air flowed into Bualoi, causing the atmosphere to become unstable and produce torrential rains over Japan on October 25. Around that time, the country was still in the recovery process after Typhoons Faxai and Hagibis had devastated the archipelago. Most of the damage occurred in Chiba Prefecture, though other prefectures such as Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, were also affected. Across the prefectures, about half of the 13 fatalities took place in a car as the automobiles were swept or submerged in rivers flooded by the rain, and happened during evacuation. Transportation services were also stopped in the affected areas. About 4,998 houses were destroyed, contributing to the total of over {{USD|200}} million in damages.

Meteorological history

{{storm path|Bualoi 2019 path.png|colors=new|note={{refn|group=nb|name=Track|The position of Bualoi's Category 5 peak is not depicted in this graphic as it is an asynoptic point (i.e. not at the 6-hour intervals of all other points) occurring at 09:00 UTC October 22.}}}}

A low-pressure area located just north of Namonuito Atoll persisted on October 16, and generally tracked westward.{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|location=Tokyo, Japan|title=Warning and Summary 181200|date=October 16, 2019|access-date=April 12, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/16/text/Severe/Severe_16.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232508/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/16/text/Severe/Severe_16.txt|url-status=live}} The area was later reported to have developed into a tropical depression on October 18, according to the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|location=Tokyo, Japan|title=Warning and Summary 180600|date=October 18, 2019|access-date=April 12, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/18/text/Severe/Severe_18.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232534/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/18/text/Severe/Severe_18.txt|url-status=live}} Later that day, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system, designating it Invest 97W, after it was situated under low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, being favorable conditions for further development, as flaring atmospheric convection obscured the low-level circulation center (LLCC) of the system.{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 97W)|date=October 18, 2019|access-date=April 12, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/18/text/Severe/Severe_18.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232534/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/18/text/Severe/Severe_18.txt|url-status=live}} On October 19, the JTWC assigned the disturbance as Tropical Depression 22W.{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|title=Tropical Depression 22W (Twenty-two) Warning No. 1|date=October 19, 2019|access-date=April 12, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232518/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|url-status=live}} In addition, the depression further strengthened to a tropical storm while forming a central dense overcast (CDO),{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 3|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 19, 2019|access-date=April 15, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232518/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|url-status=live}} receiving the name Bualoi from the JMA.{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Warning 191200|date=October 19, 2019|access-date=April 15, 2023|location=Tokyo, Japan|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415232518/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/19/text/Severe/Severe_19.txt|url-status=live}} Early on October 20, the JMA categorized Bualoi as a severe tropical storm after the storm had 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.{{cite report|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Warning 200000|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=April 15, 2023|location=Tokyo, Japan|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415234047/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|url-status=live}}

The rainbands of the storm tightened around the nascent eye surrounded by cold cloud tops.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 5|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415234047/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|url-status=live}} While steering northwestward from a subtropical ridge, Bualoi intensified to a typhoon after further consolidation with improved deep banding.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 6|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415234047/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|url-status=live}} However, a tropical upper tropospheric trough (TUTT) cell to the northwest subdued outflow, stopping the rate of strengthening, which by that point the storm had 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 8|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=April 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415234047/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/20/text/Severe/Severe_20.txt|url-status=live}} Bualoi later recommenced its development and rapidly intensified on October 21 while passing north of Saipan after sea temperatures remained favorable, despite the storm converging with the TUTT cell.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 12|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/21/text/Severe/Severe_21.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021813/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/21/text/Severe/Severe_21.txt|url-status=live}} Satellite imagery revealed the symmetrical system and its {{convert|10|nmi|km|order=flip|abbr=off|adj=mid|-wide}} eye on October 22, with rainbands circulating around the center.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 13|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 22, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/22/text/Severe/Severe_22.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021805/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/22/text/Severe/Severe_22.txt|url-status=live}}

At 09:00 UTC Bualoi reached its peak intensity, with 10-minute sustained winds of {{convert|185|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} and the lowest barometric pressure of {{convert|935|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} as estimated by the JMA, and 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|260|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} according to the JTWC, being equivalent to a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.{{cite web |title=2019 Super Typhoon BUALOI (2019290N08169) |website=IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship |url=https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-2019290N08169 |publisher=North Carolina Institute for Climate Studies |access-date=June 30, 2023 |location=Asheville, North Carolina |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416222028/https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-2019290N08169 |url-status=live }} On October 23, its eye became cloud-filled, and despite good environmental conditions, Bualoi began gradually weakening as it tracked northeastward.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 17|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 23, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/23/text/Severe/Severe_23.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021829/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/23/text/Severe/Severe_23.txt|url-status=live}} The CDO had elongated to the north of the LLCC as a result of stronger wind shear.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 20|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 23, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/23/text/Severe/Severe_23.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021829/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/23/text/Severe/Severe_23.txt|url-status=live}} Winds from the northeast of Chichijima contributed to placing the center south-southeast of the island.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 21|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 24, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/24/text/Severe/Severe_24.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021809/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/24/text/Severe/Severe_24.txt|url-status=live}} By October 24, the deep convection in the south quadrant of the storm became sheared while tracking poleward.{{cite report|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 22|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 24, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/24/text/Severe/Severe_24.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021809/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/24/text/Severe/Severe_24.txt|url-status=live}} The convection was later displaced slightly northeast of the obscured LLCC on October 25, before being sheared, leading to Bualoi transitioning to an extratropical cyclone.{{cite report|title=Typhoon 22W (Bualoi) Warning No. 26|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|location=Pearl Harbor, Hawaii|date=October 25, 2019|access-date=June 30, 2023|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/25/text/Severe/Severe_25.txt|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|archive-date=July 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021815/https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2019/10/25/text/Severe/Severe_25.txt|url-status=live}}

Preparations, impact, and aftermath

= Mariana Islands =

File:Bualoi 2019-10-21 Suomi NPP.jpg

Ahead of Bualoi in the Mariana Islands, a Typhoon Warning was put in effect for the islands of Saipan and Tinian, with a Typhoon Watch in effect for Rota. Meanwhile, Tropical Storm Watches were posted for the islands of Alamagan, Pagan, and Guam.{{Cite web|url=https://www.postguam.com/news/local/weather-update-tinian-saipan-now-under-typhoon-warning-guam-remains-in-tropical-storm-watch/article_e0959cd8-f303-11e9-b9d2-47c4e8945bdf.html|title=WEATHER UPDATE: Tinian, Saipan now under typhoon warning; Guam remains in tropical storm watch|website=The Guam Daily Post|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117235853/https://www.postguam.com/news/local/weather-update-tinian-saipan-now-under-typhoon-warning-guam-remains-in-tropical-storm-watch/article_e0959cd8-f303-11e9-b9d2-47c4e8945bdf.html|url-status=live}} These were all discontinued by October 21.{{Cite web|url= https://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/2019/10/21/typhoon-bualoi-update-watch-canceled-for-rota/4050826002/|title=8 p.m. Typhoon Bualoi update: Storm continues to intensify|author=Pacific Daily News|website= Press & Sun-Bulletin|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021}} Northern Mariana Islands Lieutenant Governor Arnold Palacios placed the territory under Typhoon Condition 3 on October 19.{{Cite web|url=https://www.kanditnews.com/post/cnmi-in-typhoon-condition-3-in-preparation-for-tropical-storm-bualoi|title=CNMI in Typhoon Condition 3 in preparation for Tropical Storm Bualoi|website=Kandit News Group|date=October 19, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151427/https://www.kanditnews.com/post/cnmi-in-typhoon-condition-3-in-preparation-for-tropical-storm-bualoi|url-status=live}} This was upgraded to Typhoon Condition 4 by October 21.{{Cite web|url=https://www.postguam.com/news/local/guam-remains-in-cor-4-typhoon-bualoi-continues-toward-marianas/article_d5fbb1c8-f375-11e9-a7f3-2fc3dcd9d288.html|title=Guam remains in COR 4, Typhoon Bualoi continues toward Marianas|website=The Guam Daily Post|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117235855/https://www.postguam.com/news/local/guam-remains-in-cor-4-typhoon-bualoi-continues-toward-marianas/article_d5fbb1c8-f375-11e9-a7f3-2fc3dcd9d288.html|url-status=live}} A federal emergency declaration was approved for the islands by the first Trump administration.{{Cite web|url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/news/typhoon-spurs-federal-emergency-northern-035216987.html|title=Typhoon spurs federal emergency for Northern Mariana Islands|agency=Associated Press|website=Yahoo! News|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=November 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117235852/https://nz.news.yahoo.com/news/typhoon-spurs-federal-emergency-northern-035216987.html|url-status=live}} Schools and government buildings were closed with the threat of the typhoon on October 21.{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/401422/northern-marianas-on-alert-for-typhoon-bualoi|title=Northern Marianas on alert for Typhoon Bualoi|website=Radio New Zealand|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126161045/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/401422/northern-marianas-on-alert-for-typhoon-bualoi|url-status=live}} The Commonwealth Utilities Corp. turned off water access ahead of Bualoi as a precaution.{{Cite web|url=https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/bualoi-update-water-supply-off-at-9pm/|title=Bualoi Update: Water Supply off at 9pm|website=Saipan Tribune|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=September 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917050838/https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/bualoi-update-water-supply-off-at-9pm/|url-status=live}} As Bualoi neared its passage through the Mariana Islands, flash flood alerts and heavy rain warnings were put in effect.{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/japan/japan-northern-mariana-islands-tropical-cyclone-neoguri-and-bualoi-gdacs-jtwc-jma-noaa|title=Japan, Northern Mariana Islands - Tropical Cyclone NEOGURI and BUALOI (GDACS, JTWC, JMA, NOAA, media) (Echo Daily Flash of 21 October 2019)|author=ECHO|website=ReliefWeb|date=October 21, 2019|access-date=March 3, 2021|archive-date=November 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115195119/https://reliefweb.int/report/japan/japan-northern-mariana-islands-tropical-cyclone-neoguri-and-bualoi-gdacs-jtwc-jma-noaa|url-status=live}}

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provided aid to the Northern Mariana Islands after U.S. president Donald Trump signed the emergency declaration from the Commonwealth on October 20.{{Cite web |title=President Donald J. Trump Signs Emergency Declaration for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands {{!}} FEMA.gov |url=https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/president-donald-j-trump-signs-emergency-declaration-commonwealth-northern-1 |access-date=November 19, 2022 |website=www.fema.gov |language=en |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119175843/https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/president-donald-j-trump-signs-emergency-declaration-commonwealth-northern-1 |url-status=live }}

= Japan =

File:2019-10-25 500-2500 precipitation in Tohoku Kanto and Chubu.gif, of Tōhoku, Kantō, and Chūbu.]]

Japan, mainly Chiba and Fukushima Prefectures, was still recovering from Typhoons Faxai and Hagibis. Warm, moist air flowed into the typhoon and caused Bualoi to flow excessive rain upon the prefecture on October 25, despite not reaching land. Advisories were issued across the country and evacuations took place.{{Cite web |date=October 28, 2019 |title=Spate of typhoon deaths during travel in cars underscores need for early evacuations |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/28/national/typhoon-deaths-vehicles-evacuation/ |access-date=November 19, 2022 |website=The Japan Times |language=en-US |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119180714/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/28/national/typhoon-deaths-vehicles-evacuation/ |url-status=live }} According to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency, 26 casualties were reported; 13 people were killed and 13 were injured, with 5 of the injuries being serious. 4,998 houses were damaged across the country, according to the agency.{{cite report|title=１０月２５日からの大雨による被害状況（別紙2）|publisher=Fire and Disaster Management Agency|access-date=August 5, 2023|url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/taihuu19gou67.pdf|language=ja|archive-date=August 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805233119/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/taihuu19gou67.pdf|url-status=live}} Total loss were finalized at over US$200 million.{{cite report |title=Weather, Climate & Catastrophe Insight: 2019 Annual Report |url=http://thoughtleadership.aon.com/Documents/20200122-if-natcat2020.pdf |website=AON Benfield |publisher=AON Benfield |access-date=January 19, 2023 |date=January 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122154950/http://thoughtleadership.aon.com/Documents/20200122-if-natcat2020.pdf |archive-date=January 22, 2020}}

Damages such as floods and the flooding of rivers and landslides mainly occurred in the Chiba Prefecture. About half of the fatalities occurred in a car, such as when the car was submerged or washed away by the river while evacuating by car.{{Cite web |title=令和元年台風21号（2019年10月25日）｜災害カレンダー |url=https://typhoon.yahoo.co.jp/weather/calendar/400/ |access-date=November 19, 2022 |website=Yahoo!天気・災害 |language=ja |archive-date=November 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119011733/https://typhoon.yahoo.co.jp/weather/calendar/400/ |url-status=live }} In Chiba Prefecture, two landslides occurred in Midori-ku, Yokohama, killing two men and women in their 60s and a woman in her 40s. A landslide also occurred in Ichihara, killing a woman in her 50s. In Mobara, a man died after being swept away by a river. Another report claimed that a woman was seen being swept into the river, after which she was found dead. In Nagara, one man was found in each of the two cars, but both died. In Chōnan, two men died from similar damage. A man in his 80s was also found dead in Sakura.{{cite web|title=25日の千葉・福島の大雨被害 13人死亡|publisher=NHK|date=October 31, 2019|archive-date=October 31, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191027/k10012152141000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031220158/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191027/k10012152141000.html|language=ja}} In Sōma, Fukushima, a woman in her 60s was found dead after a river that flowed through the city overflowed. Her son was reported missing before being found dead at Matsukawa-ura Bay.{{cite web|title=相馬・松川浦湾内で不明38歳男性の遺体発見大雨で車流される|date=November 1, 2019|archive-date=November 1, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|publisher=Minyu-Net|url=https://www.minyu-net.com/news/news/FM20191101-429398.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101074420/https://www.minyu-net.com/news/news/FM20191101-429398.php|language=ja}}

The town of Marumori in Miyagi Prefecture, which was severely damaged by Typhoon Hagibis two weeks ago, including the disruption of railroads, suffered further damage, with more than {{convert|100|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain falling on the 25th. 27 rivers were flooded.{{cite web|title=大雨、千葉と福島で死者１０人に１カ月分超の雨量襲う|date=October 26, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|publisher=|url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMBV2VPLMBVUDCB006.html|language=ja|archive-date=April 11, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411105632/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASMBV2VPLMBVUDCB006.html|url-status=live}} Damage also occurred outside the expected inundation areas on the hazard maps created by local governments. Not only the public hall and city hall, which had been used as evacuation centers, were flooded, but deaths also occurred in the roads. In Mobara, Chiba Prefecture, which was flooded in the Ichinomiya River basin, the city hall and the central public hall, which are both outside the expected flooding area, were flooded.{{cite web|title=浸水想定区域外で被害　避難所や市役所、死者も|date=October 28, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 28, 2019|publisher=CHUNICHI Web|language=ja|url=https://www.chunichi.co.jp/s/article/2019102801002324.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028232201/https://www.chunichi.co.jp/s/article/2019102801002324.html}} About 23,400 households in Chiba had lost power,{{cite web|title=千葉県内で約2万3400戸が停電（午後５時半時点）|date=October 25, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 26, 2019|publisher=NHK|language=ja|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191025/k10012149581000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026151100/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191025/k10012149581000.html}} and up to 4,700 households had lost water.{{cite web|title=25日の大雨 10人死亡不明の１人の捜索続く|date=October 27, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 27, 2019|publisher=NHK|language=ja|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191027/k10012152141000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027050435/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191027/k10012152141000.html}}{{cite web|title=記録的豪雨、死者１０人不明１人２７河川浸水、土砂災害も|date=October 26, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 26, 2019|publisher=The Sankei News|language=ja|url=https://www.sankei.com/affairs/news/191026/afr1910260030-n1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026182752/https://www.sankei.com/affairs/news/191026/afr1910260030-n1.html}}

Due to the torrential rain, all public transportation systems stopped working, and roads were flooded one after another.{{cite web|title=児童や生徒1200人余りが帰宅できず千葉|date=October 26, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 26, 2019|publisher=NHK|language=ja|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191026/k10012151301000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026051316/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191026/k10012151301000.html}} The up and down lines between the Ibaraki Airport Kita and Hokota junctions on the Higashi-Kantō Expressway, and the inner and outer loops of the Mobara-Kita and Ichihara-Tsurumai junctions on the Ken-Ō Expressway were closed.{{cite web|title=千葉県内中心に運転見合わせや通行止め続く（26日12時半）|date=October 26, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=October 26, 2019|publisher=NHK|language=ja|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191026/k10012151191000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026070343/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191026/k10012151191000.html}} On the following day, the 26th, most of the railway lines resumed operation, but on the East Japan Railway Company between Enokido Station and Naruto Station on the Sobu Main Line, the soil under the tracks was washed away, so operations resumed on October 28.{{cite report|title=令和元年台風第19号等による被害状況等について(第31報)|date=|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=August 5, 2023|publisher=Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism|language=ja|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001314517.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805233128/https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001314517.pdf|url-status=live}} However, due to fallen trees and landslides between Kururi Station and Kazusa-Kameyama Station on the Kururi Line, operation resumed on November 1.{{cite web|title=JR久留里線 1週間ぶり全線で運転再開千葉|date=November 1, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=November 1, 2019|publisher=NHK|language=ja|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191101/k10012160941000.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101122935/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20191101/k10012160941000.html}} The Chiba Green Bus, which has its head office and sales office in Sakura, which was heavily damaged, flooded the nearby Kashima River in the early morning of the 26th, submerging the bus garage. It was damaged to be scrapped.{{cite web|title=千葉豪雨で浸水「もう住めない」茂原や佐倉「こんな冠水初めて」|date=October 27, 2019|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=May 8, 2021|publisher=TOKYO Web|language=ja|url=https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/19003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508080346/https://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/article/19003|url-status=live}}

The Cabinet Office Emergency Disaster Response Headquarters responded to the disaster in parallel with the response to Typhoon Hagibis. In addition, two disaster dispatches were carried out by the Self-Defense Forces.{{cite report|title=令和元年台風第19号等に係る被害状況等について（令和元年11月8日7:00現在）|date=|access-date=August 5, 2023|archive-date=September 30, 2022|publisher=Cabinet Office Emergency Disaster Response Headquarters|language=ja|url=https://www.bousai.go.jp/updates/r1typhoon19/pdf/r1typhoon19_34.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930032712/https://www.bousai.go.jp/updates/r1typhoon19/pdf/r1typhoon19_34.pdf|url-status=live}}

Notes

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20230806171350/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc19/WPAC/22W.BUALOI/ 22W.BUALOI] from the United States Naval Research Laboratory
[http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/summary/wnp/s/201921.html.en General Information] of Typhoon Bualoi (1921) from Digital Typhoon
[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T1921.pdf JMA Best Track Data] of Typhoon Bualoi (1921) (in Japanese)
[http://www.data.jma.go.jp/fcd/yoho/data/typhoon/T1921.png JMA Best Track (Graphics)] of Typhoon Bualoi (1921)

Bualoi