Typhoon Haima

{{short description|Pacific typhoon in 2016}}

{{about|the 2016 typhoon|other typhoons of the same name|Typhoon Haima (disambiguation)||Tropical Storm Lawin}}

{{Infobox weather event

| name = Typhoon Haima (Lawin)

| image = Haima 2016-10-18 0000Z.jpg

| caption = Typhoon Haima at peak intensity approaching the Philippines on October 19

| formed = October 14, 2016

| extratropical = October 22, 2016

| dissipated = October 26, 2016

}}{{Infobox weather event/JMA

| winds = 115

| pressure = 900

}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC

| winds = 145

| pressure = 914

| basin = wpac

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| fatalities = 19 total

| damages = $972 million (2016 USD)

| areas = Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, China (including South, Hong Kong and East), Japan

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 2016 Pacific typhoon season

}}

Typhoon Haima, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Lawin, was the third most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2016. It was the twenty-second named storm and the eleventh typhoon of the annual typhoon season. Impacting the Philippines less than 3 days after Typhoon Sarika, Haima formed out of a tropical disturbance southwest of Chuuk on October 14, it developed into a tropical storm the next day. Steady strengthening occurred over the next day or two as it tracked westward towards the Philippines. After forming an eye shortly after it was upgraded to a typhoon, Haima began to rapidly strengthen and eventually became a super typhoon on October 18. It later attained its peak intensity as a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone before weakening slightly. Haima later made landfall in Peñablanca, Cagayan late on October 19 as a Category 4-equivalent storm. Rapid weakening occurred as it interacted with the landmasses until it entered the Southern China Sea as a weak typhoon. It formed a large ragged eye once again and remained steady in intensity until making landfall in China on October 21. It weakened below typhoon intensity and became extratropical on October 22. The cyclone drifted northeastwards and later eastwards before emerging over water again, but eventually dissipated by October 26.

19 people were killed by Haima, and damage totals were estimated at more than US$970 million. The storm forced several hundred flights in the Philippines, Hong Kong and China to be cancelled. Ahead of the storm, several shelters were set up in the areas near China by the government to adequate the affected people Flooding and storm surge affected many coastal areas, downing several trees and power lines, leading to power outages. Due to the damage caused by the storm in the Philippines and China, the names Haima and Lawin were retired from their respective name lists in 2017.

==Meteorological history==

{{Storm path|Haima 2016 track.png}}

During October 13, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor a tropical disturbance, that had developed about {{convert|705|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the south-southeast of the Anderson Air Force Base in Guam.{{cite web|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abwpweb.txt|agency=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans October 13, 2016 06z|access-date=July 20, 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523002121/https://www.webcitation.org/6jLW1sGGj?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201607281230.htm|url-status=dead}} The system was located within a favourable environment for further development, with low vertical wind shear, warm sea surface temperatures and its dual outflow channels being enhanced by a TUTT Cell located to its northwest. During that day, the system moved north-westwards under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure to its north and rapidly developed a low level circulation center.{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert October 13, 2016 20z|publisher=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20161013/203000/A_WTPN21PGTW132030_C_RJTD_20161013201931_1.txt|archive-date=October 25, 2016|date=October 13, 2016|access-date=July 20, 2017|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161025080555/http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20161013/203000/A_WTPN21PGTW132030_C_RJTD_20161013201931_1.txt|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abwpweb.txt|agency=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center|title=Prognostic Reasoning For Tropical Depression 25W Warning 1 October 14, 2016 21z|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523062828/https://www.webcitation.org/6lHiwphDq?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610142100.htm|access-date=July 21, 2017|url-status=dead}} During October 14, the JTWC and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the disturbance as a tropical depression, while it was located within the Caroline Islands about {{convert|700|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the south of Guam.{{cite web |title= RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track: Typhoon Hamia |url= http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/11/22/typhoon-best-track-2016-11-22t080000z/ |url-status= live |date= November 22, 2016 |agency= Japan Meteorological Agency |archive-url= https://archive.today/20240522103010/https://www.webcitation.org/6mCx8jqX3?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/AXPQ20-RJTD_201611220800.htm |archive-date= May 22, 2024 |access-date= July 20, 2017 }}{{cite web |title=Super Typhoon Haima (1622) October 14-22, 2016 |date=October 2016 |url= http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/haima16/report.htm |publisher= Hong Kong Observatory |access-date= July 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827013154/http://www.weather.gov.hk/informtc/haima16/report.htm |archive-date= August 27, 2017}} During that day, the depression’s low level circulation center continued to rapidly consolidate, while bands of atmospheric convection built and wrapped into the center. As a result, both the JMA and JTWC reported that the depression had developed into a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it Haima after the Chinese word for a seahorse.{{cite web |title= Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 02 |url= http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt |publisher= Joint Typhoon Warning Center |access-date= October 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523062907/https://www.webcitation.org/6lHiwSxnD?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610150300.htm |archive-date= May 23, 2024 |url-status= live |date= October 15, 2016}}

Immediately after the JMA indicated that Haima had intensified into a severe tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on October 16, the JTWC upgraded it to a typhoon because of improving banding;{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 160000|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063110/https://www.webcitation.org/6lIzXrNC6?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610160000.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 16, 2016}}{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 06|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523062948/https://www.webcitation.org/6lIzsD94m?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610160300.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 16, 2016}} six hours later, the JMA also upgraded Haima to a typhoon, approximately {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Yap.{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 160600|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063029/https://www.webcitation.org/6lIzX6Oo4?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610160600.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 16, 2016}} Tracking west-northwestward along a subtropical ridge to the north, Haima began to form an eye.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 09|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063350/https://www.webcitation.org/6lMIctTJQ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610162100.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 16, 2016}} The typhoon entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility early on October 17 and received the name Lawin (hawk) from PAGASA, shortly before it deepened further with a sharply-outlined eye.{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Alert: Typhoon "Lawin" [Haima] Severe Weather Bulletin #1|url=http://pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/tropical-cyclones/weather-bulletins/264-tropical-cyclones/severe-weather-bulletin/lawin-2016-bulletin/3255-1-2|publisher=PAGASA|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021010758/http://pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/tropical-cyclones/weather-bulletins/264-tropical-cyclones/severe-weather-bulletin/lawin-2016-bulletin/3255-1-2|archive-date=October 21, 2016|date=October 17, 2016|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 12|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 20, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063310/https://www.webcitation.org/6lMIbQBtI?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610171500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 17, 2016}} Later, an eyewall replacement cycle occurred, as microwave satellite imagery revealed a solid inner ring of deep convection with a secondary outer ring.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 13|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063229/https://www.webcitation.org/6lMIatOHO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610172100.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 17, 2016}}

File: Haima at PHI landfall.gif on October 19]]

Haima completed the eyewall replacement cycle by the morning on October 18. At this time, the JTWC upgraded it to a super typhoon.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 15|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063432/https://www.webcitation.org/6lMIZpEu4?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610180900.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 18, 2016}} Several hours later, Haima presented a highly symmetric and tightly wound spiral structure with a {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}}-wide eye. There was a prominent anticyclone feature to the north blocking the usual poleward outflow channel, but given the impressive appearance, the restriction to flow was apparently having limited impact.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 17|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063510/https://www.webcitation.org/6lNdbjlAb?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610182100.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 18, 2016}} Located in an area of warm sea surface temperatures near 30 °C, Haima reached peak intensity at around 18:00 UTC, with the central pressure at {{convert|900|hPa|inHg|abbr=on}} and ten-minute maximum sustained winds at {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 181800|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 23, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063149/https://www.webcitation.org/6lMHIgDxR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610181800.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 18, 2016}} That intensity made Haima the second most intense tropical cyclone of the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2016, after Typhoon Meranti.{{cite web|author1=Kitamoto Asanobu|title=Typhoon List (2016)|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/year/wnp/2016.html.en|publisher=Digital Typhoon|access-date=October 23, 2016}} Simultaneously, the JTWC estimated one-minute maximum sustained winds at {{convert|270|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, equivalent to Category 5 on the Saffir–Simpson scale. As Haima continued approaching and interacting with Luzon on October 19, the core convection became elongated with another eyewall replacement cycle, leading to a weakening trend and a cloud-filled eye.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 20|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523064035/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQp0Lbao?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610191500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 19, 2016}} The JTWC downgraded Haima to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon with 1-minute sustained winds of {{convert|220|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Subsequently, the system made landfall over Peñablanca, Cagayan of the Philippines at 23:00 PST (15:00 UTC).{{cite web|title=Update: At 11:00 PM today (19 October 2016), STY #LawinPH has made landfall over Baguio Pt., Peñablanca, Cagayan (17.6°N, 122.2°E).|url=https://www.facebook.com/PAGASA.DOST.GOV.PH/posts/1089163504526891|website=Facebook|publisher=PAGASA|access-date=October 20, 2016}}

When Haima entered the South China Sea shortly before 08:00 PST (00:00 UTC) on October 20, the typhoon had weakened significantly but become larger.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 22|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063954/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQozWtGe?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610200300.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 20, 2016}} Although Haima kept deteriorating gradually over decreasing ocean heat content, the system soon regained a ragged {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}}-wide eye. Environmental conditions at this time included increasing vertical wind shear slightly offset by good dual outflow channels.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 24|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063912/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoyRm3F?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610201500.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 20, 2016}} Turning north-northwestward along the periphery of a subtropical ridge positioned to the north and east, Haima made landfall over Haifeng County, Shanwei in the Guangdong province of China at 12:40 CST (04:40 UTC) on October 21.{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 26|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063832/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoxflmn?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN32-PGTW_201610210300.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 21, 2016}}{{cite web|title=中央气象台21日12时40分发布台风登陆消息|url=http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|publisher=National Meteorological Center|access-date=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021053543/http://www.nmc.cn/publish/typhoon/warning.html|archive-date=October 21, 2016|language=zh|date=October 21, 2016}} Several hours later, Haima weakened into a severe tropical storm owing to the rugged terrain, and the JTWC issued its final warning on the system.{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 210600|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063752/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoUvEzn?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610210600.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 21, 2016}}{{cite web|title=Typhoon 25W (Haima) Warning Nr 027|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpn32.pgtw..txt|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063551/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoqyH2i?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN32-PGTW_201610210900.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 21, 2016}} The system further weakened into a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC and ultimately a tropical depression in the Jiangxi province at 18:00 UTC.{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 211200|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063712/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoUFoIX?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610211200.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 21, 2016}}{{cite web|title=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory 211800|url=http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtpq20.rjtd..txt|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240523063631/https://www.webcitation.org/6lQoTXa4m?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ20-RJTD_201610211800.htm|archive-date=May 23, 2024|url-status=live|date=October 21, 2016}}

At around 08:00 CST (00:00 UTC) on October 22, Haima became extratropical and accelerated northeastward.{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-22T00:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/22/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-22t000000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|date=October 22, 2016}} Emerging into Hangzhou Bay right before 20:00 CST (12:00 UTC), the low then entered the East China Sea and turned eastward.{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-22T12:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/22/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-22t120000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|date=October 22, 2016}}{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-22T18:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/22/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-22t180000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|date=October 22, 2016}} The system developed into a gale-force low near the Tokara Islands early on October 23.{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-23T06:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/23/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-23t060000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 24, 2016|date=October 23, 2016}} Tracking eastward south of Japan, the system weakened into a low below gale-force about {{convert|420|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of Chichijima, at around 09:00 JST (00:00 UTC) on October 25.{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-25T00:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/25/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-25t000000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 28, 2016|date=October 26, 2016}} It then wandered around the area and dissipated early on October 26.{{cite web|title=Marine Weather Warning for GMDSS Metarea XI 2016-10-26T12:00:00Z|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2016/10/26/marine-weather-warning-for-gmdss-metarea-xi-2016-10-26t120000z/|website=WIS Portal – GISC Tokyo|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|access-date=October 28, 2016|date=October 26, 2016}}