Typhoon Ione

{{storm path|Ione 1948 track.png}}

At 00:00 UTC of September 11, the Fleet Weather Center noted that a tropical storm formed near the Mariana Islands, with one-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) detected near its center.{{Cite web|title=IBTrACS - International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (1948 Super Typhoon IONE (1948255N14155)|url=http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=v04r00-1948255N14155|access-date=2021-04-02|website=ibtracs.unca.edu}}{{Cite web|title=IONE (1948255N14155 @ Western Pacific) - IBTrACS Database {{!}} Digital Typhoon|url=http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/digital-typhoon/ibtracs/1948255N14155/index.html.en|access-date=2021-04-03|website=agora.ex.nii.ac.jp}} The agency also named it Ione, the fourteenth storm to be named during the season. It steadily organized as it passed the island country, before strengthening to a minimal typhoon during September 13. Moving to the northwest, it started to rapidly intensify under a favorable environment, becoming a Category 4 typhoon at 12:00 UTC of September 14, nearly 1,023 km to the southeast of Miyakonojō. It held its intensity over 7 hours, before slowly weakening as it started to interact with an unfavorable environment. A strengthening high-pressure area curved Ione to the north-northeast, while further degrading to a Category 2 typhoon. Land interaction with the Japanese archipelago weakened the typhoon, before making landfall as a minimal typhoon between the cities of Tateyama and Kisarazu on the mid-morning of September 16. While inland, Ione rapidly weakened to a tropical storm as it moved to the Pacific Ocean, with the system starting extratropical transition. The system was last noted at 00:00 UTC of the next day as it fully became extratropical. The remnants; however, continued to move to the northeast, passing through the Kuril Islands before dissipating on the Sea of Okhotsk.

In the preparations for the typhoon, railway and flight operations were halted due to the bad weather. Some U.S. troops also helped to evacuate families through safe places. Heavy rainfalls were also expected.{{Cite news|date=1948-09-15|title=Typhoon Threatening Iwo Jima Island Area|pages=1|work=Fort Worth Star-Telegram|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74986951/typhoon-threatening-iwo-jima-island-area/|access-date=2021-04-03}}

Between 06:00 and 09:00 UTC (15:00 and 18:00 JST), Ione started to affect Japan.{{Cite web|title=アイオン台風 昭和23年（1948年） ９月15日～９月17日|url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/1948/19480915/19480915.html|access-date=2021-04-02|website=www.data.jma.go.jp}} In Tateyama, the maximum instantaneous wind speed recorded was 46.7 mph and the winds were strong in the center while the typhoon is making landfall, resulting in torrential rainfall and strong winds, causing many houses to fall and disintegrate.{{Cite news|date=1948-09-18|title=Typhoon Toll Up To 650; Batters Northern Japan|pages=2|work=The Dayton Herald|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74933086/typhoon-toll-up-to-650-batters/|access-date=2021-04-02}} Sendai recorded a rainfall amount of 351.1 mm and Miyako received an amount of 249.3 mm during the typhoon's passage. Up to seven feet of floodwaters were experienced at Ichinoseki. The typhoon also destroyed over 5,889 homes, leaving over 15,000 individuals homeless.{{Cite news|date=1948-09-17|title=TYPHOON TAKES TOLL IN JAPAN|pages=1|work=The Billings Gazette|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74933500/typhoon-takes-toll-in-japan/|access-date=2021-04-02}} The authorities also received some considerable reports of crop and farmland damages in the prefectures of Gunma, Ibaraki and Yamanashi. Some bridges in Ibaraki were also washed out by spilling rivers.{{Cite journal|last1=Nakamura|first1=S.|last2=Oki|first2=T.|date=2015-12-01|title=Why does Japan use the probability method to set design flood?|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMNH51B1886N|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|volume=51|pages=NH51B–1886|bibcode=2015AGUFMNH51B1886N}} Two hotels were also isolated due to a large landslide, trapping inside over a hundred Americans who were just staying in the place for the typhoon.{{Cite news|date=1948-09-16|title=LANDSLIDES IN MOUNTAINS CUT OFF HUNDREDS|pages=1|work=Muncie Evening Press|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74933883/landslides-in-mountains-cut-off-hundreds/|access-date=2021-04-02}} Some farmers, despite the storm, harvested their crops that were partially destroyed by the winds.{{Cite web|last=NHK|title=アイオン台風関東を襲う|url=https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/tv60bin/detail/index.cgi?das_id=D0009182354_00000|access-date=2021-04-03|website=テレビ60年 特選コレクション {{!}} NHKアーカイブス|language=ja}} In addition, due to another extratropical storm in the Sea of Japan, the combined effects of the system and the typhoon caused heavy rainfall as far as Hokkaido.

The records of the Japan Meteorological Agency about Ione shows 512 fatalities; however, some reports says it may be higher as 650 or 838.{{Cite news|date=1948-09-18|title=650 DIE IN TYPHOON|pages=1|work=News-Journal|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/74933370/650-die-in-typhoon/|access-date=2021-04-02}} Over 1,965 individuals were injured due to various reasons. 435 ships also sustained damages and over 133,428 hectares of farmland were flooded and/or destroyed.

Following the typhoon, in 1951, the Kitakami River basin in Kitakami River, located in Tohoku region was designated as a specified region under the National Comprehensive Land Development Act and a plan was started to protect the basin from the floods.{{Cite book|last=JCOLD|first=Japan Commission on Large Dams-|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PvlKDwAAQBAJ&q=typhoon+ione+1948&pg=PA60|title=Dams in Japan: Past, Present and Future|date=2018-02-06|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-134-00619-9|language=en}}

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Typhoon disasters in Japan

• Typhoon Della - a typhoon that caused over 252 deaths in the country.
• Typhoon Judith - a typhoon that caused over 154 fatalities in the country.
• Typhoon Kitty - a typhoon that caused over 135 deaths in the country.

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Category:Typhoons in Japan

Category:1948 in Japan

Category:1940s Pacific typhoon seasons