Tyrolean traverse

{{Short description|Climbing technique}}

{{Other uses|Traverse (disambiguation){{!}}Traverse}}

{{distinguish|Traverse (climbing)}}

{{Multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=370 | header=Examples of Tyrolean traverses

| image1=Tyrolean traverse across Rio Fitz Roy - 1.jpg|caption1=Rio Fitz Roy

| image2=Tyrolean Traverse Scotland.jpg|caption2=Old Man of Stoer

| image3=Tyrolean traverse in Boulder Canyon - 1.jpg|caption3=Boulder Canyon

| image4=Lost Arrow Spire - 01.jpg|caption4=Lost Arrow Spire

}}

In climbing, a Tyrolean traverse is a technique that enables climbers to cross a void between two fixed points, such as between a headland and a detached rock pillar (e.g. a sea stack), or between two points that enable the climbers to cross over an obstacle such as chasm or ravine, or over a fast moving river. Originally developed by Tyrolean mountaineers in the Dolomites in the late 19th to early 20th century,{{cite book | title=The Climbing Dictionary: Mountaineering Slang, Terms, Neologisms & Lingo | first=Matt | last=Samet | isbn= 978-1594855023 | publisher=Mountaineers Books | page=224| date=August 2011 | quote=Tyrolean traverse: To haul oneself (while clipped in) horizontally along a line fixed between two fixed points, such as two adjacent spires or river banks. Origin: This was an early twentieth - century technique that, ..... , emerged from the Eastern Alps (in this case, the Tyrol region).}} Tyrolean traverses are used in other areas including in caving and in mountain rescue situations.{{cite web | website=MasterClass | url=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/tyrolean-traverse-climbing-guide | title=Tyrolean Traverse Climbing Tips: How to Do a Tyrolean Traverse | date=15 October 2021 | access-date=19 October 2024}}

With a traverse-rope fixed between two anchor points — ideally under some tension — the climber attaches to the rope using a short quickdraw (or equivalent alternative) that is attached to their harness. A backup attachment loop using carabiners and slings is also recommended. Any backpacks are separately clipped to the rope and also clipped to the climber, so they can be dragged across. The climber lies horizontal to the rope with their head facing the direction of travel and moves by pulling hand-over-hand on the rope. Devices such as ascenders can help pull along the rope, pulleys can help reduce friction, and progress capture devices (PCDs) can prevent slippage back along the rope.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-do-the-tyrolean-traverse/ | title=How to Do the Tyrolean Traverse | date=3 October 2013 | access-date=19 October 2024 | first=Bruce |last=Hildenbrand}}{{cite book | date=2018 | title=Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills | edition=9th | isbn=978-1846892622 | publisher=Quiller Publishing | author=The Mountaineers |chapter=Chapter 15. Aid and Big Wall Climbing. Tyrolean traverses | pages=302–303}}

Where there is no pre-existing traverse-rope fixed in place, the climbers will have to set one up which typically requires making two strong anchor points and having a static abseiling rope that will need to be more than twice the length of the void between the two anchors so they can retrieve the rope on completing the traverse (or they can tie two ropes together if needed to get to his length). Ideally the two sides are level, however, where the destination is at a much lower level (i.e. it is more akin to a zip line), then the climbers may use a separate abseil rope to control their descent speed. Conversely, if the destination is at a higher level, then the climbers will need devices such as ascenders, aiders, and PCDs to help in hauling themselves up the traverse-rope (i.e. in the manner of 'jumaring' on a fixed rope).

Notable Tyrolean traverses in climbing include the crossing to the Lost Arrow Spire in Yosemite,{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/videos/committed-lost-arrow-spire-tyrolean-traverse/ | title=Committed: Lost Arrow Spire, Tyrolean Traverse | date=26 May 2011 | access-date=19 October 2024 | author=((The Editors))}} the crossing to the Old Man of Stoer in Scotland,{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/places/scotlands-sea-stacks/ | title=The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Scotland's Sea Stacks | date=19 December 2013 | access-date=19 October 2024 | first=Andrew | last=Burr}} and the crossing to the Totem Pole in Tasmania.{{cite web | magazine=Climbing | url=https://www.climbing.com/people/rock-fall-causes-head-trauma-and-daring-rescue/ | title=With No Rescue Equipment and a Dying, Paralyzed Partner, This Climber Dug Deep | date=1 December 2021 | access-date=19 October 2024 | first=Dougald | last=McDonald}} The Guinness World Records lists the longest Tyrolean traverse as being the {{Convert|1500|m|ft|adj=on}} crossing between the Malyovitsa and Orlovets mountain summits in Bulgaria that was made by Daniel Stefanov in 2008,{{cite web | website=Guinness World Records | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-tyrolean-traverse- | title=Longest Tyrolean traverse | date=19 September 2008 | access-date=19 October 2024}} and the longest Tyrolean traverse over a lava lake being the {{Convert|100.58|m|ft|adj=on}} crossing of Erta Ale in Ethiopia by Karina Oliani in 2017.{{cite web | website=Guinness World Records | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/634002-longest-tyrolean-traverse-over-a-lava-lake | title=Longest tyrolean traverse over a lava lake | date=3 December 2017 | access-date=19 October 2024}} A fatal accident while conducting a Tyrolean traverse features prominently in the opening scene of the 1993 Sylvester Stallone Hollywood blockbuster film Cliffhanger.{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/cliffhanger-true-story-sylvester-stallone-die-hard/ | title='Did I really need to risk my life?': how the insane Cliffhanger left Sylvester Stallone to dangle | first=Tom | last=Fordy | newspaper=The Telegraph | date=2 June 2023 | access-date=19 October 2024}}{{cite book | title=The Climbing Dictionary: Mountaineering Slang, Terms, Neologisms & Lingo | first=Matt | last=Samet | isbn= 978-1594855023 | publisher=Mountaineers Books | page=56| date=August 2011 | quote=Cliffhanger.}}