UCP2

Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: UCP2 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7351 }}

In contrast to UCP1 and UCP3, which are primarily expressed in adipose and smooth muscle, UCP2 is expressed on many different tissues{{Cite web | title = Tissue expression of UCP2 - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas | url = https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000175567-UCP2/tissue | access-date = 2020-08-20 | website = www.proteinatlas.org }} including the kidney, liver, GI tract, brain, and skeletal muscle.

Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs separate, or uncouple, oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential as heat, also referred to as the mitochondrial proton leak. UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the return transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells, which reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exact mechanisms of anion transfer by UCPs are not known.{{Cite journal | vauthors = Garlid KD, Jabůrek M, Ježek P, Vařecha M | title = How do uncoupling proteins uncouple? | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics | volume = 1459 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 383–389 | date = 2000-08-15 | pmid = 11004454 | doi = 10.1016/S0005-2728(00)00175-4 | language = en | issn = 0005-2728 }} UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs. Although it was originally thought to play a role in non-shivering thermogenesis, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, it now appears that the main function of UCP2 is the control of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species.{{cite journal | vauthors = Arsenijevic D, Onuma H, Pecqueur C, Raimbault S, Manning BS, Miroux B, Couplan E, Alves-Guerra MC, Goubern M, Surwit R, Bouillaud F, Richard D, Collins S, Ricquier D | title = Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 435–439 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11101840 | doi = 10.1038/82565 | s2cid = 29831657 }}

File:MMDB_ID_92271_PDB_ID_2LCK_Mitochondrial_Uncoupling_Protein_2.png

• Uncoupling protein

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Rupprecht A, Sittner D, Smorodchenko A, Hilse KE, Goyn J, Moldzio R, Seiler AE, Bräuer AU, Pohl EE | title = Uncoupling protein 2 and 4 expression pattern during stem cell differentiation provides new insight into their putative function | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = e88474 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24523901 | pmc = 3921169 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0088474 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...988474R | doi-access = free }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Emre Y, Hurtaud C, Nübel T, Criscuolo F, Ricquier D, Cassard-Doulcier AM | title = Mitochondria contribute to LPS-induced MAPK activation via uncoupling protein UCP2 in macrophages | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 402 2007 | issue = 2 | pages = 271–278 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17073824 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20061430| pmc = 1798432 }}

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{{Membrane transport proteins}}

Category:Solute carrier family

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