UK City of Culture
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{short description|Cultural designation in the United Kingdom}}
{{for multi|the current holder of the title|Bradford UK City of Culture 2025|the previous holder|Coventry UK City of Culture 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
UK City of Culture is a designation given to a local area (specifically a city before 2025) in the United Kingdom for a period of one calendar year, during which the successful bidder hosts cultural festivities through culture-led regeneration for the year. The UK-wide programme, which is administered by the UK Government's Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport in collaboration with the devolved governments of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, is to "build on the success of Liverpool's year as European Capital of Culture 2008, which had significant social and economic benefits for the area".{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/communities_and_local_government/6015.aspx|title=Derry/Londonderry will be UK City of Culture 2013|publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport|access-date=7 September 2010}} Bids solely in Greater London are excluded from the competition, although boroughs and places in the UK capital may submit a joint bid with a city or place outside of Greater London.{{cite web |title=UK CITY OF CULTURE 2021 Guidance for bidding cities |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/582972/UKCITYOFCULTURE2021guidance.pdf |website=Department for Culture, Media and Sport |access-date=24 August 2021}}
The designation is awarded to cities every four years, through a competition, with the inaugural holder of the title being Derry in 2013. Kingston upon Hull was the second holder of the title in 2017, and on 7 December 2017 it was declared that Coventry was designated with the title for 2021. The bidding process for the 2025 title was conducted between 2021 and 2022, with Bradford announced as the winner on 31 May 2022. The 2025 title was the first to be open to local areas across the UK.
{{location map+ |United Kingdom |float=right |width=300 |caption=Locations of UK Cities of Culture.
Green designates the current holder of the title, red for past holders, and blue for the upcoming holder. |places=
{{location map~ |United Kingdom |lat=54.9975 |long=-7.32 |label_size=75 |label=Derry~Londonderry
(2013) |mark=Red pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United Kingdom |lat=53.744444 |long=-0.3325 |label_size=75 |label=Hull
(2017) |mark=Red pog.svg |position=right}}
{{location map~ |United Kingdom |lat=52.408056 |long=-1.510556 |label_size=75 |label=Coventry
(2021) |mark=Red pog.svg}}
{{location map~ |United Kingdom |lat=53.8 |long=-1.75 |label_size=75 |label=Bradford
(2025)|mark=Green pog.svg |position=left}}
}}
History
=Establishment=
In January 2009, it was announced that then Culture Secretary Andy Burnham was considering establishing a British City of Culture prize and that the winning city might possibly host events such as the Turner Prize, Brit Awards, Man Booker Prize and the Stirling Prize. Phil Redmond was invited to chair a panel set up to consider the proposal, with a remit including deciding how often the prize should be awarded.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7814379.stm|title=Plans for British City of Culture|first=Rebecca|last=Jones|work=BBC News|date=7 January 2009|access-date=7 September 2010}} A working group was established in March and reported in June 2009, suggesting that the designation be given to a city once every four years starting in 2013.{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/ukcc_workinggroupreport.pdf|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512162238/http://www.culture.gov.uk/images/publications/ukcc_workinggroupreport.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2010|title=UK City of Culture: Working Group Report|publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport|date=June 2009|access-date=7 September 2010}}
The working group stated in its report that the same calendar of events, such as hosting the Brit Awards, should not be staged by each designated City of Culture. Rather, they suggested that the events held in the city should be decided on a case-by-case basis. The report lists possible core events, including those run by the BBC, Sony, the Poetry Book Society, the UK Film Council, the Tate, VisitEngland, VisitBritain, the Museums Association, the Heritage Lottery Fund, English Heritage, Channel 4 and the Arts Council England.
= Title holders =
==Derry~Londonderry 2013<!-- Heading uses the name used by the entities which brand it as "Derry~Londonderry", following [[WP:IMOS]] part [[WP:LDERRY]] -->==
Following the report of the working group, Burnham's successor as Culture Secretary, Ben Bradshaw, announced a competition to select the first UK City of Culture in July 2009. The deadline for initial bids was 11 December 2009, with shortlisted cities having until 28 May to make their final bids.{{cite news|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/6256.aspx|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512152140/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/6256.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 May 2010|title=The race is on to find UK's first 'City of Culture' for 2013|publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport|date=14 July 2009|access-date=7 September 2010}} A total of 14 cities applied, with four (Birmingham, Derry, Norwich and Sheffield) shortlisted.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8534425.stm|title=Four UK cities make culture title shortlist|work=BBC News|date=24 February 2010|access-date=7 September 2010}} At a special televised ceremony in Liverpool on 15 July 2010, Culture Minister Ed Vaizey announced that Derry would be the first ever UK City of Culture.{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-10653989|title=Londonderry named the UK City of Culture|work=BBC News|date=15 July 2010|access-date=7 September 2010}}{{cite web|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/what_we_do/communities_and_local_government/6015.aspx |title=uk city of culture |date=15 July 2010 |publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport}} The festival was spearheaded by Culture Company 2013 and they branded the city as Derry~Londonderry.{{cite web| url=http://www.cityofculture2013.com/background/culture-company-2013/ |title=Culture Company 2013}}
==Hull 2017==
{{Main|Hull UK City of Culture 2017}}
File:Hull CoC black and white.jpeg
After 2013, the next UK City of Culture was scheduled for 2017. Officials from Aberdeen stated they would bid for the title,{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-18428965|title=Aberdeen to prepare bid for UK City of Culture title in 2017|work=BBC News|date=12 June 2012|access-date=12 June 2012}} as did officials from Dundee,{{cite news|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-aims-to-win-uk-city-of-culture-prize-with-festivals-bid-1.88851/|title=Dundee aims to win UK City of Culture prize with festivals bid|work=The Courier|date=30 April 2013|access-date=19 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603013549/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/news/local/dundee/dundee-aims-to-win-uk-city-of-culture-prize-with-festivals-bid-1.88851|archive-date=3 June 2013}} while local officials from Colchester,{{cite news|url=http://www.eadt.co.uk/news/colchester_successful_bid_to_become_uk_s_capital_of_culture_2017_could_net_town_10million_boost_1_1697646|title=Colchester: Successful bid to become UK's Capital of Culture 2017 could net town £10million boost|publisher=EADT24|date=18 November 2012|access-date=20 November 2012}} Derby,{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/derbyshire/8505790.stm|title=Derby considers UK Capital of Culture title bid|work=BBC News|date=9 February 2010|access-date=7 September 2010}} Leicester,{{cite news|url=http://www.leicester.gov.uk/cityofculture2017/|title=Leicester – City of Culture Bid|work=BBC News|access-date=9 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130624185216/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/cityofculture2017/|archive-date=24 June 2013}} Plymouth,{{cite news|url=http://www.thisisplymouth.co.uk/Competing-cities-revealed-Plymouth-prepares-City/story-18298682-detail/story.html|title=Plymouth's decision to bid for City of Culture status|work=Plymouth Evening Herald|date=3 March 2013|access-date=3 March 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305003239/http://www.thisisplymouth.co.uk/Competing-cities-revealed-Plymouth-prepares-City/story-18298682-detail/story.html|archive-date=5 March 2013}} Stoke-on-Trent,{{cite news|url=http://www.thisisstaffordshire.co.uk/news/City-make-bid-UK-Capital-Culture/article-1003449-detail/article.html|title=City to make bid to be UK Capital of Culture|work=The Sentinel|date=19 May 2010|access-date=7 September 2010}} Swansea,{{cite news|url=http://www.thewave.co.uk/news/local/swansea-bays-culture-bid/|title=Swansea Bay is aiming to become the UK's City of Culture for 2017.|work=The Wave|date=6 March 2013|access-date=6 March 2013}} Hull,{{cite news|url=http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/City-Culture-bid-Send-pictures-best-Hull/story-18510856-detail/story.html|title=City of Culture bid: Send us your pictures to show off best of Hull|work=This is Hull and East Riding|date=25 March 2013|accessdate=27 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023095820/https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/City-Culture-bid-Send-pictures-best-Hull/story-18510856-detail/story.html|archivedate=23 October 2014|url-status=dead}} and York{{cite news|url=http://www.oneandother.com/articles/yorks-uk-city-of-culture-2017-bid-confirmed|title=York's UK City of Culture 2017 Bid Confirmed|work=One and Other|date=6 February 2013|access-date=7 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210023955/http://www.oneandother.com/articles/yorks-uk-city-of-culture-2017-bid-confirmed/|archive-date=10 February 2013}} suggested that those cities would bid for the 2017 title. On 18 April 2013, the Hampshire Chamber of Commerce announced that Portsmouth and Southampton were making a joint bid for the 2017 title.[http://www.hampshirechamber.co.uk/news/All/2417 Business News Hampshire]. Hampshire Chamber. Retrieved 23 July 2013. There was also a bid from East Kent (Canterbury, Ashford, Folkestone, Dover and Thanet),[http://www.kentnews.co.uk/news/east_kent_bid_chiefs_submit_city_of_culture_2017_bid_with_hopes_high_1_2174264 East Kent bid chiefs submit City of Culture 2017 bid with hopes high – News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015105333/http://www.kentnews.co.uk/news/east_kent_bid_chiefs_submit_city_of_culture_2017_bid_with_hopes_high_1_2174264 |date=15 October 2014 }}. Kent News. Retrieved 23 July 2013. and another from Hastings and Bexhill-on-Sea, supported by celebrity Graham Norton.{{cite news|url=http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/local-news/norton-s-heartfelt-plea-to-culture-judges-1-5185704 |title=Norton's heartfelt plea to culture judges – Local |work= Hastings and St. Leonards Observer|date=14 June 2013|access-date=23 July 2013}}
In June 2013 the shortlist of four bids from Dundee, Hull, Leicester and Swansea Bay was announced.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22967259|title=UK City of Culture 2017 shortlist of four announced|date=19 June 2013|work=BBC News |access-date=19 June 2013}} The winner of the 2017 title was announced on 20 November 2013 and Hull was chosen.{{cite news
|title = Hull named UK City of Culture 2017
|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-25008856
|access-date=20 November 2013
|work=BBC News
|date = 20 November 2013}} TV producer Phil Redmond, who chaired the City of Culture panel, said Hull was the unanimous choice because it put forward "the most compelling case based on its theme as 'a city coming out of the shadows{{'"}}. On 31 July 2014, Martin Green was announced as chief executive of the team. Green was previously head of ceremonies for the 2012 Summer Olympics, and organised the 2014 Tour de France Grand Départ ceremony in Yorkshire.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jul/31/hull-olympic-ceremonies-boss-2017-city-culture|title=Hull hires Olympic ceremonies boss to head 2017 city of culture team|date=31 July 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 October 2015}}
On 1 January 2017, the Hull event opened with a fireworks display over the Humber Estuary and a series of sound and light installations collectively known as Made in Hull, which reportedly attracted more than 25,000 visitors.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-38483517|title=UK City of Culture: Fireworks and projections start Hull 2017
|work=BBC News
|date=January 2017
|access-date=3 January 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04nbw7x|title=Made in Hull – the crowds keep coming
|date=4 January 2017
|publisher=BBC|access-date=4 January 2017}} By the end of the first week, the BBC was reporting that 342,000 people had participated in the opening events.{{cite news| title = 'Staggering' visitor numbers for culture city| work = BBC News| access-date=9 January 2017| date = 9 January 2017| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-38552999}} The event included multimedia sound and light projections onto landmark buildings in the city's Victoria Square{{cite web| title = Made in Hull opens, Hull 2017 City of Culture – BBC Arts| date = January 2017| publisher = BBC| access-date=9 January 2017| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04n34tx}} as well as a display of Hullywood Icons featuring local people recreating famous scenes from film.{{cite web| title = Hullywood: Peter Levy is James Bond, Hull 2017 City of Culture – BBC Arts| date = 5 January 2017| publisher = BBC| access-date=9 January 2017| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04ngyld}}
The BBC reported that a report by Hull University in March 2018 found Hull's status as the UK City of Culture attracted more than five million people, £220 million of investment and 800 new jobs.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-43485141|title=Do UK Cities of Culture create legacies?|last=Bosworth|first=Mark|date=23 April 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=23 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/work-with-us/more/media-centre/news/2018/city-of-culture-evaluation.aspx|title=University of Hull reveals UK City of Culture 2017 evaluation {{!}} University of Hull|website=www.hull.ac.uk|access-date=23 April 2018}}
==Coventry 2021==
{{main|Coventry UK City of Culture 2021}}
Swansea, Paisley, Stoke-on-Trent, Coventry and Sunderland were all shortlisted to be the third UK City of Culture. Coventry's win was announced by arts minister John Glen in Hull and broadcast live on The One Show on 7 December 2017. Glen said it was "an incredible opportunity for Coventry to boost investment in the local economy, grow tourism and put arts and culture centre stage".{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42272675|title=UK City of Culture 2021: Coventry wins|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 December 2017}} In July 2020 it was announced that the start of Coventry's year as City of Culture had been put back to May 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-coventry-warwickshire-53261428|title=Coronavirus: Coventry City of Culture pushed back to May|date=3 July 2020|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=28 November 2020}} The city has received more than £15.5 million in support from the UK Government to support the annual festivities, with a further £100 million raised in capital investment for the city to support city cultural projects such as Herbert Art Gallery and Museum, Coventry Cathedral and Belgrade Theatre.
==Bradford 2025 ==
{{Main|Bradford UK City of Culture 2025|UK City of Culture 2025 bids}}
On 31 May 2022, Bradford was announced as the 2025 holder of the title, with the three runners-up receiving £125,000.{{cite web |title=Bradford crowned UK City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/bradford-crowned-uk-city-of-culture-2025 |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=GOV.UK }} The bidding contest was conducted between 2021 and 2022. A record twenty bids were submitted from various cities and regions across the UK. On 8 October 2021, eight bids were longlisted, them being; Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon, Bradford, Cornwall, County Durham, Derby, Southampton, Stirling, and Wrexham County Borough.{{cite web|title=UK City of Culture 2025 longlist revealed|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-city-of-culture-2025-longlist-revealed|access-date=7 October 2021|website=GOV.UK}} On 18 March 2022 this was shortened to just Bradford, Durham, Southampton and Wrexham.{{cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=The final four contenders for the UK City of Culture 2025 title |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/uk-city-of-culture-list-final-contenders-b2039190.html |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=The Independent }}
The other failed bids{{cite news |title=Record number of bids for UK City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-58272630 |website=BBC News |access-date=24 August 2021 |date=20 August 2021}} include; Bangor, Borderlands{{efn-lr|comprising Dumfries and Galloway, Scottish Borders, Northumberland, Cumbria and Carlisle City}}, Conwy, Lancashire, Medway, Newport, Powys, Tay Cities (also including Fife), Torbay and Exeter, Wakefield, Wolverhampton, and Great Yarmouth & East Suffolk. Cambridgeshire and Peterborough and Plymouth had both expressed interest in bids,{{cite web |first=Ben |last=Hatton |title=Could Cambridge, Ely and Peterborough become the joint UK City of Culture in 2025? |url=https://www.cambridgeindependent.co.uk/news/could-cambridge-ely-and-peterborough-become-the-joint-uk-ci-9201766/ |website=Cambridge Independent |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=2 June 2021}}{{cite web |first=Alex |last=Green |title=Plymouth may submit bid to become UK City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/plymouth-submit-bid-become-uk-5488063 |website=Plymouth Live |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=8 June 2021}} but were not included in the applicant list. Bids from Northampton,{{cite web |first=James |last=Averill |title=Northampton's UK City of Culture bid to be deferred until 2029 |url=https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/politics/northamptons-uk-city-culture-bid-be-deferred-until-2029-965498 |website=Northampton Chronicle & Echo |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=11 June 2019}} Norwich,{{cite web |first=Dan |last=Grimmer |title=Norwich rules out bid to be UK City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.eveningnews24.co.uk/news/local-council/norwich-rules-out-city-of-culture-2025-bid-8013710 |website=Norwich Evening News |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=29 May 2021}} the Tees Valley,{{cite news |title=Tees Valley City of Culture 2025 bid dropped |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-57438797 |website=BBC News |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=11 June 2021}} Luton,{{cite news |title=Luton drops bid to become City of Culture 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-beds-bucks-herts-51123508 |website=BBC News |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=15 January 2020}} and Gloucester{{cite news |title=Gloucester ditches UK City of Culture 2025 bid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-57920530 |website=BBC News |access-date=24 August 2021 |date=22 July 2021}} were withdrawn or ruled out before the final application deadline.
The holder was originally set to be announced in December 2021, but was postponed due to the number of applicants, with a longlist released on 8 October 2021. The final application deadline was on 26 January 2022 with the shortlist of four bidding places released on 18 March 2022 (with visits to the shortlisted places conducted in Spring 2022),{{cite news |date=18 March 2022 |title=UK City of Culture 2025: Derby misses out on shortlist |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-derbyshire-60799301 |access-date=18 March 2022}} and the 2025 holder Bradford was announced on 31 May 2022 live on The One Show.{{cite web|title=UK City of Culture 2025: full application guidance|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-city-of-culture-2025-full-guidance-for-long-listed-bidders/uk-city-of-culture-2025-full-application-guidance|access-date=8 October 2021|website=GOV.UK}}{{cite web |title=Date for City of Culture announcement revealed – how to watch live |url=https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/20169117.will-city-culture-winner-announced-date-revealed/ |access-date=28 May 2022 |website=Bradford Telegraph and Argus |date=26 May 2022 }}
List of UK Cities of Culture
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Year | Winning city | Other shortlisted cities | Date announced |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | Derry | Birmingham, Norwich, Sheffield | 15 July 2010 |
| 2017 | Kingston upon Hull | Dundee, Leicester, Swansea Bay | 20 November 2013 |
| 2021 | Coventry | Paisley, Stoke-on-Trent, Sunderland, Swansea | 7 December 2017 |
| 2025 |
Notes
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