USA-166
{{Short description|American navigation satellite used for GPS}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = USA-166
| image = GPS-IIR.jpg
| image_caption = A Block IIR GPS satellite
| insignia =
| mission_type = Navigation
| operator = US Air Force
| COSPAR_ID = 2003-005A{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-005A|title=Navstar 51|publisher=US National Space Science Data Center|access-date=11 July 2012}}
| mission_duration = 10 years (planned)
| spacecraft =
| spacecraft_type = GPS Block IIR
| spacecraft_bus = AS-4000
| manufacturer = Lockheed Martin
| launch_mass = {{convert|2032|kg}}
| dimensions =
| power =
| launch_date = {{start-date|29 January 2003, 18:06:00|timezone=yes}} UTC
| launch_rocket = {{nowrap|Delta II 7925-9.5,}} D295
| launch_site = Cape Canaveral SLC-17B
| entered_service =
| disposal_type =
| deactivated =
| orbit_slot =
| orbit_epoch =
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Medium Earth
(Semi-synchronous)
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|20155|km}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|20344|km}}
| orbit_inclination = 55 degrees
| orbit_period = 720.7 minutes
| apsis = gee
}}
USA-166, also known as GPS IIR-8 and GPS SVN-56, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the eighth Block IIR GPS satellite to be launched, out of thirteen in the original configuration, and twenty one overall. It was built by Lockheed Martin, using the AS-4000 satellite bus.
USA-166 was launched at 18:06:00 UTC on 29 January 2003, atop a Delta II carrier rocket, flight number D295, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=11 July 2012}} The XSS-10 satellite was carried as a secondary payload on the same rocket, but was deployed from the second stage of the three-stage rocket. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 17B at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station,{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|title=Launch List|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|work=Launch Vehicle Database|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=11 July 2012|archive-date=15 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815040340/http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/list2.html|url-status=dead}} and placed USA-166 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37FM apogee motor.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/navstar-2r.htm|title=GPS-2R (Navstar-2R)|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=11 July 2012}}
By 1 February 2003, USA-166 was in an orbit with a perigee of {{convert|20155|km}}, an apogee of {{convert|20344|km}}, a period of 720.7 minutes, and 55 degrees of inclination to the equator.{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt|title=Satellite Catalog|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|access-date=11 July 2012}} It is used to broadcast the PRN 16 signal, and operates in slot 1 of plane B of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a mass of {{convert|2032|kg}}, and a design life of 10 years. As of 2012 it remains in service.
References
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{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{GPS satellites}}
{{Orbital launches in 2003}}
Category:Spacecraft launched in 2003
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