USS Arcadia (ID-1605)
{{Short description|American ocean liner}}
{{other ships|USS Arcadia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image= USS Arcadia (ID-1605).jpg |Ship caption= Arcadia as a troop ship in 1919 }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country= |Ship flag= |Ship name= Arcadia |Ship namesake= Arcadia |Ship owner= *1897: Hamburg America Line
|Ship operator= |Ship registry= *1897: {{flagicon|German Empire|civil}} Hamburg |Ship route= *April 1897: Hamburg – Montreal |Ship ordered= |Ship builder= Harland & Wolff, Belfast |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number= 308 |Ship laid down= |Ship launched= 8 October 1896 |Ship sponsor= |Ship completed= |Ship maiden voyage= 2 April 1897 |Ship acquired= seized by USA, 6 April 1917 |Ship commissioned= into US Navy, 20 January 1919 |Ship decommissioned= from US Navy, 29 September 1919 |Ship reclassified= troop ship, 1919 |Ship struck= 29 September 1919 |Ship identification= *code letters:
|Ship fate= Scrapped 1927 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= |Ship type= Ocean liner |Ship tonnage= 1914: {{GRT|6603}}, {{NRT|3514}} |Ship displacement= 7,138 tons |Ship length= {{cvt|399.2|ft|abbr=on}} |Ship beam= {{cvt|49.2|ft|abbr=on}} |Ship draft= {{convert|25|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}} mean |Ship depth= {{cvt|27.3|ft|abbr=on}} |Ship decks= 2 |Ship power= 330 NHP, 1,745 IHP |Ship propulsion= *1 × quadruple-expansion engine
|Ship speed= {{convert|13|kn|km/h}} |Ship capacity= *passengers:
|Ship troops= at least 1,024 |Ship complement= as troop ship: 198 |Ship crew= in civilian service: 54 |Ship armament= *1917–18: 2 × {{cvt|3|in}} guns |Ship sensors= |Ship notes= sister ships: Adria, Armenia, Andalusia, Arabia }} |
USS Arcadia (ID-1605) was a transatlantic liner that was launched in Ireland in 1896 and spent most of her career with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG). She was one of a series of at least five HAPAG sister ships that were built in the United Kingdom in 1896 and 1897.
The US Government seized Arcadia in 1917 and the US Navy used her as a troop ship in 1919. She remained with the United States Shipping Board until 1923, when the California Steamship Company bought her. She was scrapped in Japan in 1927.
Building
In 1896 and 1897 shipyards in England and Ireland built a set of passenger and cargo ships for HAPAG. Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company in Jarrow, County Durham launched Adria, Armenia and Andalusia in May, June and August 1896.{{cite web |url= http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/A-Ships/adria1896.html |title=Adria |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite web |url= http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/A-Ships/armenia1896.html |title=Armenia |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite web |url= http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/A-Ships/andalusia1896.html |title=Andalusia |work=Tyne Built Ships |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite web |url= http://www.schiffe-maxim.de/Andalusia.htm |title=Andalusia (1896–1925) |work=Schiffe-Maxim |language=de |access-date=9 July 2021}} Harland & Wolff in Belfast followed with Arcadia as yard number 308, launching her on 8 October 1896 and completing her on 2 April 1897.{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=308 |title=Arcadia |work=Harland and Wolff Shipbuilding & Engineering Works |access-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=201980&vessel=ARCADIA |title=Arcadia |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=9 July 2021}} Harland and Wolff also built Arabia, launching her in November 1896 and completing her in March 1897.{{cite web |url= http://www.theyard.info/ships/ships.asp?entryid=307 |title=Arabia |work=Harland and Wolff Shipbuilding & Engineering Works |access-date=9 July 2021}}{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=201979&vessel=ARABIA |title=Arabia |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=9 July 2021}}
Arcadia{{'}}s registered length was {{cvt|399.2|ft|abbr=on}}, her beam was {{cvt|49.2|ft|abbr=on}} and her depth was {{cvt|27.3|ft|abbr=on}}. Her tonnages were {{GRT|6603}}, {{NRT|3514}}{{cite book |year=1914 |chapter=Steamers |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=I |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping}} and 7,138 tons displacement.{{cite web |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/arcadia-transport-ii.html |title=Arcadia II (Transport) |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command |date=18 June 2015 |access-date=9 July 2021}}
Arcadia had a single propeller, driven by a four-cylinder quadruple-expansion steam engine. It was rated at 330 NHP or 1,745 IHP{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} and gave her a speed of {{convert|13|kn|km/h}}.
HAPAG registered Arcadia in Hamburg. Her code letters were RKPL.
German service
On 2 April 1897 Arcadia began her maiden voyage from Hamburg to Montreal. On 16 May, en route from Montreal to Liverpool, she ran aground near Cape Ray, Newfoundland.{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/05/17/102093717.html?pageNumber=2 |title=The Arcadia goes ashore. |newspaper=The New York Times |page=2 |date=17 May 1897 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2021}}
On 23 May the Royal Navy corvette {{HMS|Cordelia|1881|6}}, sloops {{HMS|Buzzard|1887|2}} and {{HMS|Pelican|1877|2}} and five tugs together towed Arcadia off the rocks. She then reached safe anchorage in Port aux Basques under her own steam.{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/05/24/105944868.html?pageNumber=1 |title=Steamship Arcadia floated. |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |date=24 May 1897 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2021}} She then went to Quebec for temporary repairs before crossing the Atlantic to Harland and Wolff in Belfast for permanent repairs.
Arcadia returned to service in November 1897 with a voyage from Hamburg to New York. That December, HAPAG put her on the route from Hamburg to Boston via Portland, Maine.
By 1914 Arcadia was equipped for wireless telegraphy. Her call sign was DXC.{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1914 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |page=365}}
On 25 or 30{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/08/19/106726362.html?pageNumber=12 |title=German ships heard from. |newspaper=The New York Times |page=12 |date=19 August 1914 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2021}} July 1914, amid the July Crisis in Europe, Arcadia left Hamburg for Baltimore. In the first week of August, Germany had declared war on France and the UK had declared war on Germany. Arcadia did not reach neutral US waters until 18 August, and was the last HAPAG liner to reach safety. On 19 August she was reported to be heading for Newport News, Virginia.
US service
On 6 April 1917 The US declared war on Germany. The United States Customs Service seized Arcadia as enemy property and vested her in the US Shipping Board. US immigration officers detained her crew.{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/04/12/102331847.html?pageNumber=2 |title=Admits Disabling Austrian Ship. |newspaper=The New York Times |page=2 |date=12 April 1917 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2021}} The USSB had her defensively armed with two {{convert|3|in|adj=on}} naval guns, crewed by US Navy gunners. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 the guns and naval detachment were removed at Baltimore on 4 December 1918.
On 20 January 1919 at Hoboken, New Jersey, Arcadia was commissioned into the US Navy as USS Arcadia, with the pennant number ID-1605 and code letters GJDH. Lt Cdr Peter F Johnsen, USNRF, was appointed to command her, and she was assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force.
The Navy put Arcadia in transatlantic service. On her first voyage she left Hoboken in cargo on 2 February 1919 and reached Saint-Nazaire in France on 19 February. She returned in ballast and bringing home members of the American Expeditionary Forces. She left St-Nazaire on 1 March and after a rough passage reached Newport News on 17 March. She then put into Newport News Shipbuilding for repairs and alterations.
Arcadia left Newport News on 1 April 1919 and reached Bordeaux on 20 April, where she embarked more troops and loaded cargo including aeroplane and gun parts. She left Bordeaux on 26 April and reached Bush Terminal, New York, on 11 May, bringing home 1,024 officers and men of the 82nd Division.{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/05/13/96303371.html?pageNumber=13 |title=82d Division Troops Here |newspaper=The New York Times |page=13 |date=13 May 1919 |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 July 2021}} Later that month she left New York, reaching Bordeaux early in June. There she embarked more troops, whom she brought to Newport News.
In the remainder of the summer Arcadia made two more voyages, one from St-Nazaire to Hampton Roads and the other from Brest, France to Hoboken. In total she completed five round trips across the North Atlantic for the Navy, and repatriated more than 4,700 troops.
Arcadia completed her final voyage to Hoboken on 11 September. The next day she left Hoboken for Hampton Roads, where she moored alongside {{SS|West Loquassuck||2}} at Bush Bluff, Virginia. She then briefly visited Newport News Shipbuilding, before returning to Bush Bluff. On 29 September she was decommissioned and stricken from the Navy list.
Final years
On 29 September 1919 the US Navy returned Arcadia to the USSB. In 1923 the USSB sold her to the California Steamship Company, which registered her in Panama. In January 1927 the company sold her in Shanghai in China, whence she was taken to Japan and scrapped.
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a10/arcadia-ii.htm}}{{dead link|date=July 2021}}
- {{cite web |url= https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-102000/NH-102870.html |title=NH 102870 USS Arcadia |publisher=Naval History and Heritage Command}}
- {{cite web |url= http://www.navsource.net/archives/12/171605.htm |title=Arcadia (ID 1605) |website=NavSource}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Arcadia (ID-1605)}}
Category:Auxiliary ships of the United States Navy
Category:Maritime incidents in 1897
Category:Passenger ships of Germany
Category:Passenger ships of Panama
Category:Passenger ships of the United States
Category:Ships built in Belfast
Category:Ships built by Harland and Wolff
Category:Ships of the Hamburg America Line
Category:Steamships of Germany