USS S-1

{{short description|Submarine of the United States}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=File:S-1(SS-105).jpg

|Ship caption=S-1

}}

{{Infobox ship career

|Hide header=

|Ship country=United States

|Ship flag={{USN flag|1942}}

|Ship name=USS S-1

|Ship identification=

|Ship namesake=

|Ship ordered=

|Ship builder=Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History|publisher=United States Naval Institute|year=1995|location=Annapolis, Maryland|pages=285–304|isbn=1-55750-263-3}}

|Ship laid down=11 December 1917

|Ship launched=26 October 1918

|Ship sponsor=Mrs. Emory S. Land

|Ship acquired=

|Ship commissioned=5 June 1920

|Ship decommissioned=20 October 1937

}}

{{Infobox ship career

|Hide header=yes

|Ship commissioned=16 October 1940

|Ship decommissioned=20 April 1942

|Ship in service=

|Ship out of service=

|Ship struck=24 June 1942{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|author2=Roberts, Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=Westport, Connecticut|pages=266–267|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}

|Ship fate=Transferred to the Royal Navy, 20 April 1942, sold, 14 September 1945

}}

{{Infobox ship career

|Hide header=title

|Ship country=United Kingdom

|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}

|Ship name=HMS P552'

|Ship acquired=20 April 1942

|Ship commissioned=

|Ship decommissioned=

|Ship in service=

|Ship out of service=

|Ship struck=

|Ship fate=Suffered a collision in Durban harbor and declared unseaworthy, January 1944, nominally returned to the United States and sold for scrap locally{{cite web|last=Chalcraft| first=Geoff|title=British Submarines of World War II| url=http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/page7.html|access-date=2007-01-01|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070101000214/http://web.ukonline.co.uk/chalcraft/sm/page7.html |archive-date=1 January 2007}}

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption=

|Ship type=S-class direct-drive diesel-electric submarine, S-1 type

|Ship displacement=*{{convert|854|LT|t|abbr=on}} (surfaced, standard)

  • U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311 {{convert|1062|LT|t|abbr=on}} (submerged)

|Ship length={{convert|219|ft|3|in|abbr=on}}

|Ship beam={{convert|20|ft|8|in|abbr=on}}

|Ship draft={{convert|15|ft|11|in|abbr=on}}

|Ship power=*{{convert|1200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (diesel engines)

  • {{convert|1500|hp|kW|abbr=on}} (electric motors)

|Ship propulsion=*2 × NELSECO 8-cylinder 4-stroke direct-drive diesel enginesU.S. Submarines Through 1945 p. 258

|Ship speed={{convert|14.5|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced, {{convert|11|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submerged

|Ship range=

|Ship endurance=20 hours @ {{convert|5|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}

|Ship test depth={{convert|200|ft|m|abbr=on}}

|Ship complement=4 officers, 34 enlisted

|Ship sensors=

|Ship armament=*4 × bow 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (12 torpedoes)

  • 1 × 3"/23 caliber gun/23 cal disappearing deck gunU.S. Submarines Through 1945 p. 124. Note that "disappearing" means that the gun can be retracted into the deck to reduce drag and increase underwater speed.

|Ship notes=

}}

USS S-1 (SS-105) was the lead boat of the S class of submarines of the United States Navy.

Construction and commissioning

The U.S. Navy had awarded contracts for the first three S-boats under the same general specifications but of different design types. S-1 was what was known as a "Holland-type", while {{USS|S-2|SS-106|2}} was a "Lake-type" and {{USS|S-3|SS-107|2}} a "Government-type".

S-1{{'}}s prime contractor, the Electric Boat Company, subcontracted her construction to the Fore River Shipbuilding Company of Quincy, Massachusetts. Her keel was laid down on 11 December 1917. She was launched on 26 October 1918, sponsored by Mrs. Emory S. Land, and commissioned on 5 June 1920.

Service history

=United States Navy=

==Inter-war period==

File:USS S-1 (SS-105).jpg

File:Martin MS-1 being assembled on SS-105 1923.jpg-1}} being assembled on {{nowrap|S-1}} in 1923.]]

S-1 began her service operations in July 1920 with a cruise to Bermuda attached to Submarine Division 2 (SubDiv 2), with subsequent operations out of New London, Connecticut, cruising the New England coast until 1923. On 2 January 1923, she shifted to SubDiv Zero, a division created for experimental work, and conducted winter maneuvers in the Caribbean Sea. As a single-ship division, SubDiv Zero, she returned to New London in the spring to continue experimental duty.

As part of a series of studies conducted by the United States Navy after World War I into the possibility of submarine-borne observation and scouting aircraft, S-1 became the experimental platform for this project late in 1923. She was altered by having a steel capsule mounted abaft the conning tower; a cylindrical pod which could house a small collapsible seaplane, the {{nowrap|Martin MS-1.}} After surfacing, this plane could be rolled out, quickly assembled, and launched by ballasting the sub until the deck was awash. These experiments were carried out into 1926 using the Martin-built plane, constructed of wood and fabric, and the all-metal Cox-Klemin versions, XS-1 and XS-2. The first full cycle of surfacing, assembly, launching, retrieving, disassembly, and submergence took place on 28 July 1926, on the Thames River at New London.

Following the aircraft experiments, S-1 served as flagship for SubDiv 2 until July 1927, when she was transferred to SubDiv 4. While attached to this division, she made operational cruises to the Panama Canal Zone in 1928–1930, during the spring months. She visited ports at Cristobal, Canal Zone and Coco Solo, Canal Zone; Cartagena, Colombia; Kingston, Jamaica; and Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, during these cruises, and spent the remaining months of those years operating along the New England coast, out of New London.

January 1931 found her at Pearl Harbor. She remained there into 1937; first, attached to SubDiv 7, SubRon 4, then, from July 1932 – July 1933, attached to Rotating Reserve SubDiv 14. She was returned to SubDiv 7 in August, and remained with that division until departing in May 1937 for Philadelphia. S-1 arrived at Philadelphia on 22 July and commenced overhaul for deactivation. She was decommissioned on 20 October.

==World War II==

On 16 October 1940, S-1 was recommissioned at Philadelphia. She then made two cruises to Bermuda, training submariners, and returned to Philadelphia from the second cruise on 7 December 1941. There, she prepared for transfer to Britain under the Lend-Lease program. She was decommissioned and turned over to the British on 20 April 1942. Her name was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 24 June.

=Royal Navy=

S-1 served the Royal Navy as HMS P.552 as a training vessel for anti-submarine warfare. In poor condition after arriving in Durban, Natal, South Africa, she was often in repair and she was declared unseaworthy in January 1944.[http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/3659.html uboat.net – Allied Warships – Submarine HMS P 552 of the S-1 class]

She was returned to the U.S. Navy at Durban on 16 October 1944, where she was stripped of vital parts and machinery, and her hull was sold for local scrapping on 20 July 1945 and she was scrapped there on 14 September of that year.

References