US Treasury specimen book

File:BEP-(unk)-Eagle (with flag).jpg

US Treasury Department Specimen books, also known as BEP presentation albums, were published by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) from the mid-1860s through the 1910s. Prepared upon request of the United States Secretary of the Treasury, albums were generally presented to Cabinet members, select Members of Congress, diplomats and visiting dignitaries. Some extant albums still in their original binding bear the name of the recipient impressed in gold lettering on the cover. While no two presentation albums have exactly the same contents, each book usually contained portraits, vignettes, and/or images of buildings. Specimen books which contain whole proof images of currency are extremely rare.

Banknote engraving specimen books

The function of specimen books or presentation albums initially served as a business-generating artist's portfolio to be given to bank presidents or heads of foreign national banks.Barrett & Hessler, 2001, p. 319. Prior to specimen books, engraving company salesmen presented potential clients with engraved broadsides highlighting their abilities. Examples of these salesman's sample sheets exist from the mid-1820s{{cite web| title = Fairman Draper Underwood & Co. Salesman's Sample Broadside | publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/fairman-draper-underwood-andamp-co-salesman-s-sample-broadside-an-oversize-salesman-s-sample-page-detailing-banknote-vignettes/a/329-540.s| access-date = 21 September 2014}} and 1830s.{{cite web| title = Salesman's Sample Sheet | publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/salesman-s-sample-sheet-a-specimen-sheet-from-bank-note-engravers-rawdon-wright-hatch-andamp-co-advertising-their-wares-fi/a/269-5492.s | access-date = 21 September 2014}}{{cite web| title = New England Bank Note Co | publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/obsolete-banknotes/boston-ma-new-england-bank-note-co-feb-11-1833-an-engraving-specimen-from-this-bank-note-printer-likely-part-of-a-lar/a/348-16829.s | access-date = 21 September 2014}} While specimen books were introduced in 1850s and 1860s, examples of the salesman sheet are known through the 1880s.{{cite web| title = Canada Bank Note Engraving & Printing Company Salesman Sheet | publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/canadian-currency/canada-bank-note-engraving-andamp-printing-company-salesman-sheet-the-most-striking-feature-of-this-salesman-s-sheet-is-of-the/a/418-15775.s | access-date = 21 September 2014}}

Bureau of Engraving and Printing (US Treasury) specimen books

File:BEP-U.S. Treasury Department Specimens (c. 1881), title page.jpg

Literature on US Treasury Department specimen books is very scarce. An auction record from 1891 described a BEP specimen book with 103 engravings ("46 portraits and 57 vignettes") as either coming from the collection of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, or having been presented to him.{{cite book |year= 1891|title=Catalogue of the Entire Private Library Belonging to a Well Known Boston Collector... |page=19|publisher= Charles F. Libbie, Jr.|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=t4MRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA19 }} A 1921 auction catalog documents the offering of a BEP specimen book which contained about 145 engravings ("about 100 portraits and 45 plates and views").{{cite book |year= 1921|title=Autographs, Manuscripts and Broadsides |page=67|publisher=American Art Association, Anderson Galleries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhbI50TbnewC&pg=RA4-PA67 }} In 2001 the numismatic community knew of 47 BEP specimen books and suspected the existence of 10 to 15 more.

A WorldCat search of library records found eight BEP specimen books.{{cite web| title =Specimens | publisher =OCLC WorldCat | oclc =11935463 }} Based on available information for five books, they range in size (i.e., number of engraved illustrations) from roughly 125{{cite web| title = Specimens| publisher =Sewanee The University of the South | url = http://catalog.sewanee.edu/search/o?SEARCH=11935463 | access-date = 21 September 2014}} to 145{{cite web| title = Specimens| year = 1877| publisher = Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection| url = https://archive.org/details/specimens00unit | access-date = 21 September 2014}} engravings. One library record noted a presentation inscription to James B. Beck.{{cite web| title = Specimens| publisher = Harvard Library| url = http://lms01.harvard.edu/F/1F4AJ5P46GABBPRVGKX64EDLH4YU3FMV83SJNYUD11N1FX14UG-33324?func=full-set-set&set_number=014761&set_entry=000004&format=999 | access-date = 21 September 2014}}

Between 2005 and mid-2014 available records indicate at least 18 BEP specimen presentation albums have sold in public auction.{{#tag:ref | Auction records from 2005 to the present (27 September 2014) indicate 18 presentation albums sold across roughly 10 sales {{cite web| title = CSNS Signature Sale (5 May 2005)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/other/portraits-and-vignettes-engraved-by-the-bureau-of-engraving-and-printing-treasury-department-three-volumes-unpaginated-circa-3-books-/a/374-15177.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web| title = FUN Signature Sale (5 January 2006)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/horizontally-formatted-treasury-department-vignette-book-a-second-example-from-the-same-time-period-as-the-first-again-wi/a/396-16115.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web| title = FUN Signature Sale (5 January 2006)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/vertically-formatted-treasury-department-vignette-book-pencil-inscription-on-the-title-page-presents-the-book-to-edward-h/a/396-16116.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}

{{cite web| title = CSNS Signature Currency Auction (16 April 2008)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/treasury-department-vignette-book/a/3500-12593.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web| title = Memphis Signature Currency Auction (17 June 2010)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/horizontal-format-vignette-book/a/3510-12301.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web | title = Philadelphia Americana Sale #1156 (30 September 2010) | publisher = Stack's | url = http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/177820 | access-date = 6 September 2014 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140928145815/http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/177820 | archive-date = 28 September 2014 | url-status = dead }}{{cite web| title = Philadelphia Americana Sale #1157 (30 September 2010)| publisher = Stack's| url = http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/177821| access-date = 6 September 2014| archive-url = https://archive.today/20140928145824/http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/177821| archive-date = 28 September 2014| url-status = dead}}{{cite web| title = The 52 Collection Part II #3322 (25 January 2011)| publisher = Stack's| url = http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/187993| access-date = 6 September 2014| archive-url = https://archive.today/20140928145822/http://legacy.stacks.com/Lot/ItemDetail/187993| archive-date = 28 September 2014| url-status = dead}}{{cite web| title = CSNS Signature Currency Auction (27 April 2011)| publisher = Heritage Auctions | url = http://currency.ha.com/itm/miscellaneous/horizontal-format-vignette-book/a/3513-15441.s | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite book |year=2012 |title=The August 2012 Philadelphia ANA Auction |pages=62 |publisher=Stack's Bowers Gallery|url=http://media.stacksbowers.com/VirtualCatalogs/2012/Stacks-Bowers-Galleries/2012_07SBG_Aug2012_ANAMain_Curr_Catalog_LR.pdf|access-date=6 September 2014}}{{cite book |year=2012 |title=The Official Baltimore Auction |pages=46 |publisher=Stack's Bowers Gallery|url=http://media.stacksbowers.com/VirtualCatalogs/2012/Stacks-Bowers-Galleries/2012_12SBG_Nov2012Balt_Curr_Catalog_LR.pdf |access-date=6 September 2014}}{{cite book |year=2013 |title= The August 2013 Chicago ANA Auction |pages=29 |publisher=Stack's Bowers Gallery|url= http://media.stacksbowers.com/VirtualCatalogs/2013/Stacks-Bowers-Galleries/2013_12SBG_AugANA2013_MainCurr_CatalogLR.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014}}{{cite book |year=2013 |title= The August 2013 Chicago ANA Auction |pages=30 |publisher=Stack's Bowers Gallery|url= http://media.stacksbowers.com/VirtualCatalogs/2013/Stacks-Bowers-Galleries/2013_12SBG_AugANA2013_MainCurr_CatalogLR.pdf |access-date=8 September 2014}}{{cite web| title = The Collector's Series (9 October 2013) | publisher = Spink London | url = https://www.spink.com/lot-description.aspx?id=317274 | access-date = 6 September 2014}}{{cite web| title =Live Auctioneers Catalog (26 April 2014) | publisher = www.liveauctioneers.com | url = http://www.liveauctioneers.com/catalog/53079_autograph-auction-all-categories-april-26th/page12| access-date = 8 September 2014}}| group="nb"}} Albums vary in length from a single volume of 24 portraits to a four volume set containing roughly 400 engraved images. The content of each album varies and may contain one or more of the following: portraits of presidents, cabinet members, founding fathers, government officials, and Civil War generals; vignettes and allegories found on various issues of US paper currency and other government securities; and engravings of significant and historical architectural structures. The interior of a BEP presentation album is generally described as containing "intaglio die proof vignette pulls on thick gilt edged cards, each with intervening integral tissue guards for protection". The illustrations below come from a single two-volume presentation album reportedly given to Treasury Secretary Lyman Gage.

United States banknotes issued from 1861 to the present depict 53 people{{#tag:ref | This list does not include US Fractional currency.| group="nb"}} including presidents, cabinet members, Founding Fathers, jurists, military leaders and members of congress. Thirteen presidents{{#tag:ref |Washington,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 38. Jefferson,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 41. Madison,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 58. Monroe,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 87. John Q. Adams,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 55. Jackson,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 43. Lincoln,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 36. Grant,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 79. Garfield,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 111. Cleveland,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 146. Benjamin Harrison,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 126. McKinley,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 129. and WilsonFriedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 240.| group="nb"}} and 12 treasury secretaries{{#tag:ref |Hamilton,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 40. Dexter,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 181. Gallatin,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 54. Crawford, Walker,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 178. Meredith,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 176. Chase,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 37. Fessenden,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 177. McCulloch,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 132. Sherman,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 135. Windom,Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 77. and Manning.Friedberg & Friedberg, 2013, p. 85.| group="nb"}} have been depicted on US banknotes. Some have appeared on bonds.{{#tag:ref |Johnson and Taylor| group="nb"}} Many presidents had more than one official engraving. A side-by-side comparison of these engraved portraits and the notes on which they appeared can be seen at Art and engraving on United States banknotes.

{{Gallery

|title=Sample engravings

|width=180

|height=200

|align=center

|File:WASHINGTON, George-President (BEP engraved portrait).jpg

|{{center|George Washington
President 1789–97}}

|File:HAMILTON, Alexander-Treasury (BEP engraved portrait).jpg

|{{center|Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of the Treasury 1789–95}}

|File:BEP-(Multiple)-Landing of Columbus (Vanderlyn).jpg

|{{center|Landing of Columbus
Continental Bank Note Co.}}

|File:BEP-(unk)-Guerriere and Constitution.jpg

|{{center|Guerriere and Constitution}}

|File:BEP-DELNOCE-Stars and Stripes.jpg

|{{center|Stars and Stripes
Louis Delnoce}}

}}

{{Commons category|Bureau of Engraving and Printing|position=left}}

Footnotes

Notes

References

{{cite journal |last1=Barrett |first1=William |last2=Hessler |first2=Gene |year=2001 |title= A Gift Fit for a Czar – An ABNCo Presentation Book |journal=Paper Money |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=319–32 |publisher=Society of Paper Money Collectors|url= https://www.spmc.org}}
{{cite book |last1=Friedberg |first1=Arthur L. |last2=Friedberg |first2=Ira S. |year=2013 |title= Paper Money of the United States: A Complete Illustrated Guide With Valuations |publisher= Coin & Currency Institute |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=eMFWoWl2UYkC |edition=20th|isbn=978-0-87184-520-7}}
{{cite book |last1=Hessler |first1=Gene |year=1993 |title=The Engraver's Line – An Encyclopedia of Paper Money & Postage Stamp Art |publisher= BNR Press |isbn=0-931960-36-3}}