Udant Martand
{{Short description|First Indian Hindi-language newspaper (1826)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Udant Martand
उदन्त मार्तण्ड
| image = Udant Martand.png
| caption =
| type = Weekly newspaper
| format =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1826|5|30|df=y}}
| owners =
| publisher = Jugal Kishore Shukla
| editor =
| language = Hindi
| ceased publication = {{End date and age|1827|12|4|df=y}}
| headquarters = 37 Amartalla Lane, Kolutolla,
near Barabazar Market, Kolkata
| circulation = 500 (1st issue)
| political =
| sister newspapers =
| website =
}}
Udant Martand {{Cite web|title=Bihar Assembly Speaker Vijay Kumar Sinha extends wishes to journalists on Hindi Journalism Day|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/30/bihar-assembly-speaker-vijay-kumar-sinha-extends-wishes-to-journalists-onhindi-journalism-day-2309313.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The New Indian Express|date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002153005/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/may/30/bihar-assembly-speaker-vijay-kumar-sinha-extends-wishes-to-journalists-onhindi-journalism-day-2309313.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite magazine|date=May 30, 2021 |title=Hindi Journalism Day 2021: All you need to know|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/hindi-journalism-day-2021-all-you-need-to-know-1808717-2021-05-30|access-date=2021-10-02|magazine=India Today|language=en}} ({{lit|The Rising Sun}}) is the first Hindi language newspaper published in India.{{Cite web|title=उदन्त मार्तण्ड: यूं शुरू हुआ हिंदी अखबार का सफर|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/education-career/know-how-hindi-journalism-starts-with-publication-of-udant-martand/photoshow/64380678.cms|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002153005/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/education-career/know-how-hindi-journalism-starts-with-publication-of-udant-martand/photoshow/64380678.cms|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Hindi journalism Day: 'उदंत मार्त्तंड' ने बंगभूमि कोलकाता को दिया था आधुनिक हिंदी की जन्मभूमि का दर्जा|url=https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-udant-martand-had-given-the-status-of-modern-hindi-birthplace-to-bangabhumi-kolkata-21691191.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|archive-date=2 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002153121/https://www.jagran.com/west-bengal/kolkata-udant-martand-had-given-the-status-of-modern-hindi-birthplace-to-bangabhumi-kolkata-21691191.html|url-status=live}} Started on 30 May 1826, from Calcutta (now Kolkata), the weekly newspaper was published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla.{{cite book|author=Hena Naqvi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aFH2KFhFOkC&pg=PA42|title=Journalism And Mass Communication|publisher=Upkar Prakashan|year=2007|isbn=978-81-7482-108-9|pages=42–}}{{cite book|author=S. B. Bhattacherjee|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGVSvXuCsyUC&pg=SL1-PA119|year=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=978-81-207-4074-7|pages=A119}} It was closed on 4 December 1827 due to financial crisis.
History
By the early 19th century, educational publications in Hindi had already started, thus journalism was only a matter time. By the 1820s, newspapers in several Indian languages were starting, including Bengali and Urdu; however, printing in Devanagari script was still rare. Soon after Calcutta School Book started printing, Samachar Darpan, a Bengali journal which started in 1819, had some portions in Hindi. However, Hindi reading audience base was still at a nascent stage. Thus few of the early attempts were successful, but they nevertheless were a start.{{cite book|author=Ronald Stuart McGregor|title=Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l-ljczb-9QIC&pg=PA84|year=1974|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-01607-0|pages=83–84}}
Shukla was a lawyer originally from Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, who had settled in Calcutta,{{cite book|author=J V Vilanilam|title=Mass Communication In India: A Sociological Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kvQtoquTT6kC&pg=PA54|year= 2005|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-3372-4|pages=54–}} and became Proceedings Reader at the Sadr Diwani Adalat (Civil and Revenue High Court), and later on a pleader. On 16 February 1826, he along with Munnu Thakur of Banstala Gali, Calcutta, received a license to publish a newspaper in Hindi.{{cite book|author=A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed|title=Social Ideas and Social Change in Bengal 1818-1835|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qckUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA94|year=1965|publisher=Brill Archive|pages=93–94|id=GGKEY:8YWY14NBR66}}{{cite book|author=Brijendra Mohan Sankhdher|title=Press, politics, and public opinion in India: dynamics of modernization and social transformation: On the role of the press in India, 1780-1835|pages=132–133|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hjk_AQAAIAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications}}
The newspaper was started on 30 May 1826; with it for the first time a newspaper was published completely in Hindi, using Devanagari script. Udant Martand employed a mix of Khari Boli and Braj Bhasha dialects of Hindi.{{cite book|author=Rajendra Lal Handa|title=History of Hindi language and literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ultMAQAAIAAJ|page=330|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|year=1978}}{{cite book|author=Brijendra Mohan Sankhdher|title=Pioneers of freedom and social change in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OMdAAAAMAAJ|year= 1986|page=94|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications|isbn=9780836419054}} The first issue printed 500 copies, and the newspaper was published every Tuesday. The office of newspaper was at 37, Amartalla Lane, Kolutolla, near Barabazar Market in Kolkata.{{cite book|author=Samaren Roy|title=Calcutta: Society and Change 1690-1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3PSt3edJapgC&pg=PA165|year=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-34230-3|page=165}}
Owing to its distance from the Hindi-speaking areas of North India, the newspaper had difficulty in finding subscribers. The publisher tried to get government subscription, and patronage in the form of postal fee exemption for eight newspapers to be posted to North India. However, it didn't receive the subscription and only one newspaper was allowed postal fee exemption, which meant that the paper could never be financially viable. Nevertheless, it briefly gained prominence for featuring the controversy that rose Bengali-language magazine, Samachar Chandrika and traders from interiors, who were based in Calcutta.
Legacy
Today, "Hindi Journalism Day" or Hindi Patrakarita Diwas is celebrated on 30 May each year, as it marked the "beginning to journalism in Hindi language".{{cite web | title = Hindi Journalism Day Celebrated In India to Mark 187 Years of Hindi Journalism | publisher = Jagran Josh | url = http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/hindi-journalism-day-celebrated-in-india-to-mark-187-years-of-hindi-journalism-1369983064-1 | date = 31 May 2013 | accessdate = 2014-01-20 | archive-date = 21 January 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140121125252/http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/hindi-journalism-day-celebrated-in-india-to-mark-187-years-of-hindi-journalism-1369983064-1 | url-status = live }}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book|author=Ram Ratan Bhatnagar|title=The Rise and Growth of Hindi Journalism, 1826-1945: Being an Attempt at a History of Hindi Journalism in Historical, Chronological and Evolutionary Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXQLAAAAMAAJ|page=27|year=1947|publisher=Kitab Mahal}}
External links
- [http://theudantmartand.in Official website]
Category:Newspapers established in 1826
Category:Defunct Hindi-language newspapers
Category:Weekly newspapers published in India
Category:Defunct newspapers published in India
Category:Publications disestablished in 1827
Category:Newspapers published in Kolkata