Ufa

The name Ufa comes from the Ufa River on which the city lies, but the origin of the river's name is disputed. The Russian linguist Aleksandr Matveyev proposes that the name is of Iranian origin, from "ap", meaning water.{{Cite journal |last=Matveyev |first=Aleksandr |date=2008 |title=Географические названия Урала: Топонимический словарь. — Екатеринбург |journal=Socrates |pages=294–296}}

In a paper published in 2014, researchers Karimov and Khabibov from Bashkir State Pedagogical University present and argue for a hypothesis according to which before the construction of the foundational Russian fortress in 1574, which has since grown to become the current city of Ufa, there had already been an ancient settlement called Ufa on a hilltop near the mouth of the Ufa River. According to them, this settlement was founded by Turkic-speaking tribes to perform rituals and sacrifices to the sky god Tengri, and they called this place Upe or Ufe because, they argue, in ancient Turkic languages a place of ritual sacrifice used to be called an "opo" or an "ope." They further hypothesize that the inhabitants of the settlement themselves also came to be called the Upe or Ufe tribe and subsequently, the river along which they flourished and expanded their settlement towards its source also came to be called Ufa. Karimov and Khabibov claim that the Russian fortress builders were probably aware of this ancient name and consequently named their new settlement Ufa.{{Citation |title=To the question of origin of the city name Ufa |author1=S. G. Karimov |author2=L. G. Khabibov |journal=Bulletin of Bashkir University |year=2014 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=577–581 |url=http://bulletin-bsu.com/arch/files/2014/2/38_4476_Karimov-577.pdf |language=Russian}}

It is colloquially called City of Three Screws due to unusual nature of city's name in Bashkir.{{Cite web |url=https://dzen.ru/a/XcL8K3gSXgCt0cvs |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=sso.passport.yandex.ru |title=Yandex }}

File:Atlas Cosmographicae (Mercator) 035.jpg's map of Europe with Pascherti (Bashkort) settlement presumably in the position of modern Ufa. The map was compiled in 1554, twenty years before the official date of the foundation of Ufa.]]

Early history of the surrounding area of Ufa dates back to Paleolithic times.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gorodufa.ru/?p=41|title=Официальный сайт Администрации города Уфы|website=www.gorodufa.ru}} Presumably, from the 5th to 16th centuries there was a medieval city on the site of Ufa.Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. Уфа, 2001. С 70, 71, Он же. Mons Et Urbis: Уральские горы и город Уфа в европейской средневековой картографической традиции//Архив Башкортостана, № 1. 2007. С. 17–23. On the Pizzigano brothers' map (1367)Рудаков В. Г. К вопросу о двух столицах в Золотой Орде и местоположении города Гюлистана // Научное наследие А. П. Смирнова и современные проблемы археологии Волго-Камья. Материалы научной конференции. Труды ГИМ. Вып. 122. — М., 2000. — Рис. 1. and on the Catalan Atlas (1375)Там же; Псянчин А. В. Башкортостан на старых картах. — Уфа, 2001. — С. 71. a town approximately on the Belaya River was designated Pascherti (Bashkort),Мажитов Н.А,, Султанова А. Н. Сунгатов Ф. А. Башкирские города по арабским источникам IX—X вв. // Вестник АН РБ. 2008. Т. 13, № 2. С. 44-—48; Мажитов Н. А., Сунгатов Ф. А., Иванов В. А., Сатаров Т. Р., Султанова А. Н., Иванова Е. В. Городище Уфа II. Материалы раскопок 2006 года. Т. 1. Уфа, 2007. 160 с: ил. and Gerardus Mercator's map (1554) also marked the settlement with the name Pascherti. French orientalist Henri Cordier associates the position of Pascherti with the current location of Ufa.«Mercator and Hondius (loth Ed., 1630) and N. Sanson (1650) show Jorman on the south of the Kama R., Pascherti in the position of Ufa, the present head-quarter of the Bashkirs, Sagatin ( = Fachatim of the text) at the head of the Ufa River, Marmorea on the Bielaya south of Ufa». — Cathay and the Way Thither: Being a Collection of Medieval Notices of China, Chʻeng-wen Publishing Company, 1967. Henri Cordier

Ibn Khaldun called the town, among the largest cities of the Golden Horde, Bashkort.Золотая Орда в источниках. T.I. Арабские и персидские сочинения. М., 2003. С 169.

Russian historian of the 18th century Peter Rychkov wrote that there was a great city on the territory of Ufa before the arrival of the Russians.Рычков П. И. История Оренбургская (1730—1750 гг.). Оренбург, 1896. С. 68,69.

The official of the Orenburg Governorate government Vasily Rebelensky wrote that Ufa was founded by the Bashkirs.«Краткое описание губернского города Уфы с начала его построения до сего 1806 года». // Что ж касается башкирцев, то видно из многих описаний, как сего народа, так и о жительстве их, кои от различных возмущений, как и междоусобных воин, так и соседних своих народов, строили маленькие укрепления и городки и наконец, соединясь во множестве, распространили свои жилища и укрепления, а для сей причины и город Уфа построен.

File:ufa prokudin.jpg]]

By order of Ivan the Terrible a fortress was built on the site of modern Ufa in 1574,{{Cite web|url=http://www.russia-ic.com/regions/2895/2896/history/|title=History of Ufa :: Regions & Cities :: Russia-InfoCentre|website=www.russia-ic.com}} and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau.{{cite news |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/beyond_moscow/ufa.html |title=Beyond Moscow -Ufa. Khristina Narizhnaya |work=The Moscow Times |date=October 16, 2011}} 1574 is now considered to be the official date of Ufa's foundation.Official website of Ufa. [http://ufacity.info/ufa/index.php Brief Information About Ufa] {{in lang|ru}} Town status was granted to it in 1586.{{cite book |title=Энциклопедия Города России |year=2003 |publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия |location=Moscow |isbn=5-7107-7399-9 |page=498}}

Before becoming the seat of a separate Ufa Governorate in 1781, the city, along with the rest of the Bashkir lands, was under the jurisdiction of the Orenburg governors. And even though the 1796 reform reunited Orenburg and Ufa again, in 1802, the city of Ufa became a new center of the entire Orenburg Governorate that included large territories of modern-day Republic of Bashkortostan, Orenburg Oblast, and Chelyabinsk Oblast.

The Belaya River Waterway (1870) and the Samara-Zlatoust Railroad (1890) connected the city to the European part of the Russian Empire and stimulated the development of the city's light industry.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}} During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, the Abwehr operated in Ufa, 1941–1943,{{Cite web|url=https://vechufa.ru/public/4869-smert-shpionam.html|title=Смерть шпионам! » Вечерняя Уфа, официальный сайт газеты "Вечерняя Уфа"|website=Вечерняя Уфа, официальный сайт газеты "Вечерняя Уфа"}} some German infiltration, occurred 1914–1943 in espionage, many industrial enterprises of the western parts of the Soviet Union were evacuated to Ufa. On June 4th 1989 the Ufa train disaster would occur about 75 kilometers away from the city when a pipeline leak made a cloud of gas near the tracks and when 2 trains approached the sparks from the breaks of one train ignited the gas causing a massive explosion which killed 575 people.

During 9–10 July 2015, Ufa hosted summits of the BRICS group and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ufa2015.com/|title=西甲在线观看免费观看-网友分享|website=www.ufa2015.com}}

Ufa is the capital of the republicLaw #166-z and, within the framework of the administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Ufimsky District,{{OKATO reference|80 252}} even though it is not a part of it.Resolution #391 As an administrative center, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Ufa, an administrative unit with status equal to that of the districts, and is likewise home to a unit of Russia's Central Military District; the 12th Separate Guards Engineer Brigade. As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug.Law #162-z

file:Ufa map division.svg

Ufa is divided into seven administrative districts.

According to Forbes, in 2013, Ufa was the best city in Russia for business among cities with a population of over one million.[http://www.forbes.ru/rating/30-luchshih-gorodov-dlya-biznesa-2013/2013?full=1&table=1 30 лучших городов для бизнеса — 2013] // Forbes.ru

Many urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, and mechanical engineering reside in Ufa. Additionally, the economy of Ufa is composed of many fuel, energy, and engineering complexes.

Ufa is home to about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.{{Cite web|url=http://www.ufacity.info/ufa/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529163708/http://www.ufacity.info/ufa/|url-status=dead|title=Ufa – capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan|archivedate=May 29, 2010}}

Some important enterprises in Ufa include:

• Ufa Engine-Building Production Association: subsidiary of UEC Saturn (gas turbine engines) {{Cite web |url=http://www.interfax-russia.ru/Povoljie/news.asp?id=165284&sec=1679 |title=УМПО начало поставку двигателей 117С для истребителя Су-35С – Поволжье || Интерфакс Россия|date=August 9, 2010}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.weaponews.com/news/65364102-in-ufa-opened-a-new-center-for-the-production-of-parts-of-helicopter-e.html|title=In Ufa opened a new Center for the production of parts of helicopter engines|website=www.weaponews.com}}
• Ufimsky petrochemical Plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)
• Novo-Ufimsky refinery plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)
• Ufimsky refinery plant (subsidiary of Bashneft)
• Bashkir Trolleybus Manufacturing Plant JSC: trolley manufacturer{{cite web |url=http://www.oaobtz.ru/ |title=Home |website=oaobtz.ru}}

File:National Bank in Ufa.jpg

Ufa Station is linked to the rest of Russia, being on a historic branch of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.

The Ufa International Airport has international flights to Turkey, Tajikistan, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan,

and Cyprus as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns, including Moscow.

The Ufa Metro is a planned and oft-delayed subway system, discussed since the late 1980s. On May 30, 1996, there was a ceremony marking the beginning of preparatory construction work, attended by then-President Boris Yeltsin.[http://visualrian.ru/en/site/gallery/#29332:Boris Yeltsin lays cornerstone of first subway station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811235857/http://visualrian.ru/en/site/gallery |date=August 11, 2013 }}, accessed June 6, 2013

Public transportation in Ufa includes trams (since 1937) and trolleybuses (since 1962), as well as bus and marshrutka (routed cabs) lines.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}

Ufa Airport Osokin-1.jpg|Ufa International Airport. The inscription "ӨФӨ" is "Ufa" in the Bashkir language.

БТЗ-52763А 2039.jpg|BTZ-52763 trolleybus

Автобус НефАЗ-VDL "Башавтотранс" на улицах г.Уфы..jpg|VDL-NefAZ bus

71-623 (KTM-23) tram in Ufa (on test route).jpg|71-623 low-entry tram

{{Historical populations

|type =

|footnote = Source: Census data

|1897 | 49275

|1926 | 97737

|1939 | 250011

|1959 | 546878

|1970 | 770905

|1979 | 969289

|1989 | 1082052

|2002 | 1042437

|2010 | 1062319

|2021 | 1144809

}}

The population of Ufa exceeded one million in 1980.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} It ranks 10th among Russian cities by population, and the 26th among cities in Europe by city proper. As of January 1, 2009, the city accounted for 25.4% of all residents of the republic or 42.2% of the urban population.

As of the 2021 Census, the ethnic composition of Ufa was:{{cite web |url=https://02.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Kratkie-itogi-VPN-2020-MO-i-GO-ch-1.pdf |title=Краткие итоги ВПН-2020 МО и ГО ч.1 |publisher=Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Республике Башкортостан|access-date=24 May 2023}}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = right

|caption = Religion in Ufa (2024)

|value1 = 52.5

|color1 = lightgreen

|label1 = Islam

|value2 = 32.5

|color2 = Red

|label2 = Orthodox

|value3 = 3

|color3 = Crimson

|label3 = Other Christian

|value4 = 2

|color4 = orange

|label4 = Other

|value5 = 10

|color5 = white

|label5 = non-religious individuals

}}

Ufa is situated in Eastern Europe near its land boundary with Northern Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya (Agidel) and Ufa Rivers, on low hills forming the Ufa Plateau to the west of the southern Urals. The area of the city is {{cvt|707.93|km2|sp=us}}.Official website of Ufa. [http://ufacity.info/ufa/5170/108419/ Land Utilization] {{in lang|ru}} It stretches from north to south for {{cvt|53.5|km|sp=us}} and from west to east for {{cvt|29.8|km|sp=us}}.

Ufa has a warm summer continental climate (Köppen: Dfb). Ufa's climate is characterized by harsh winters, but in some cases, summers can be quite long and hot.{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=22782&cityname=Ufa,+Bashkortostan,+Russia&units=|title=Ufa, Russia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=2018-11-13}} The coldest temperature ever recorded in Ufa was −48.5 °C (−55.3 °F) on January 1, 1979. The highest temperature ever recorded was 39.4 °C (102.9 °F) on July 10, 2023.{{Cite web |title=Погода сейчас Уфа город |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=28722 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=METEOINFO.RU |language=ru-ru}}{{Cite web |title=Погода в Уфе – климатический монитор за июль 2023 года |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/monitor.php?id=28722 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=www.pogodaiklimat.ru}}

{{Weather box

| location = Ufa (1991–2020, extremes 1853–present)

| collapsed =

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| Jan record high C = 5.8

| Feb record high C = 9.2

| Mar record high C = 16.2

| Apr record high C = 31.1

| May record high C = 36.2

| Jun record high C = 38.3

| Jul record high C = 39.4

| Aug record high C = 38.5

| Sep record high C = 33.4

| Oct record high C = 26.8

| Nov record high C = 15.4

| Dec record high C = 5.0

| year record high C = 39.4

| Jan high C = -8.1

| Feb high C = -6.6

| Mar high C = 0.6

| Apr high C = 11.4

| May high C = 20.5

| Jun high C = 24.3

| Jul high C = 26.0

| Aug high C = 24.0

| Sep high C = 17.6

| Oct high C = 9.1

| Nov high C = -0.5

| Dec high C = -6.8

| year high C = 9.3

| Jan mean C = -12.2

| Feb mean C = -11.6

| Mar mean C = -4.4

| Apr mean C = 5.7

| May mean C = 13.7

| Jun mean C = 17.9

| Jul mean C = 19.8

| Aug mean C = 17.6

| Sep mean C = 11.6

| Oct mean C = 4.9

| Nov mean C = -3.5

| Dec mean C = -10.4

| year mean C = 4.1

| Jan low C = -16.8

| Feb low C = -16.7

| Mar low C = -9.5

| Apr low C = 0.2

| May low C = 7.0

| Jun low C = 11.4

| Jul low C = 13.5

| Aug low C = 11.8

| Sep low C = 6.6

| Oct low C = 1.3

| Nov low C = -6.6

| Dec low C = -14.5

| year low C = -1.0

| Jan record low C = -48.5

| Feb record low C = -43.5

| Mar record low C = -34.4

| Apr record low C = -27.8

| May record low C = -9.7

| Jun record low C = -1.2

| Jul record low C = 1.4

| Aug record low C = -0.1

| Sep record low C = -6.8

| Oct record low C = -25.6

| Nov record low C = -35.1

| Dec record low C = -45.0

| year record low C = -48.5

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 46

| Feb precipitation mm = 39

| Mar precipitation mm = 38

| Apr precipitation mm = 31

| May precipitation mm = 51

| Jun precipitation mm = 63

| Jul precipitation mm = 51

| Aug precipitation mm = 55

| Sep precipitation mm = 48

| Oct precipitation mm = 57

| Nov precipitation mm = 47

| Dec precipitation mm = 51

| year precipitation mm = 577

| Jan snow depth cm = 31

| Feb snow depth cm = 42

| Mar snow depth cm = 40

| Apr snow depth cm = 6

| May snow depth cm = 0

| Jun snow depth cm = 0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0

| Oct snow depth cm = 0

| Nov snow depth cm = 5

| Dec snow depth cm = 17

| year snow depth cm = 42

| Jan rain days = 3

| Feb rain days = 3

| Mar rain days = 6

| Apr rain days = 12

| May rain days = 16

| Jun rain days = 16

| Jul rain days = 15

| Aug rain days = 16

| Sep rain days = 18

| Oct rain days = 18

| Nov rain days = 11

| Dec rain days = 4

| year rain days = 138

| Jan snow days = 25

| Feb snow days = 21

| Mar snow days = 16

| Apr snow days = 6

| May snow days = 1

| Jun snow days = 0

| Jul snow days = 0

| Aug snow days = 0

| Sep snow days = 1

| Oct snow days = 8

| Nov snow days = 20

| Dec snow days = 24

| year snow days = 122

| Jan humidity = 83

| Feb humidity = 80

| Mar humidity = 77

| Apr humidity = 69

| May humidity = 61

| Jun humidity = 68

| Jul humidity = 71

| Aug humidity = 74

| Sep humidity = 76

| Oct humidity = 79

| Nov humidity = 83

| Dec humidity = 83

| year humidity = 75

| Jan sun = 54.4

| Feb sun = 96.1

| Mar sun = 159.0

| Apr sun = 219.9

| May sun = 278.9

| Jun sun = 300.6

| Jul sun = 314.4

| Aug sun = 250.7

| Sep sun = 160.2

| Oct sun = 88.1

| Nov sun = 54.5

| Dec sun = 42.8

| year sun =

|source 1 =Pogoda.ru.net

{{cite web|url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28722.htm|script-title=ru:КЛИМАТ УЛАН-БАТОРА|publisher=Pogoda.ru.net|language=ru|access-date=4 January 2015}}

| source 2 = NOAA{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/UfaDioma_28722.csv|title= UFA 1991–2020|access-date=29 October 2021|publisher=NOAA}}

}}

File:BashkirWhiteHouse.jpg or Bashkir White House]]

The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:

• Council: A representative body consisting of 35 deputies for four years.
• Chairman of the Board: the head of the urban okrug. Term of four years.
• Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
• Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. The term of office of the Head of the Administration is limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ufacity.info/ufa/ustav.php |title=Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan |access-date=July 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201184357/http://ufacity.info/ufa/ustav.php |archive-date=December 1, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}

File:Ипподром Акбузат.jpg]]

File:Уфа арена 2023.jpg

The Stroitel Stadium is a sports stadium located north of the centre of the city, off the Aleksandra Nevskogo Ulitsa street in Neftekhimikov (Petrochemists') Park.{{cite web |url=https://realnoevremya.com/articles/5991-ufa-to-be-prepared-for-its-jubilee-for-215bn-rubles |title=Ufa to be prepared for its jubilee for 215bn rubles |website=Realno Vremya|access-date=25 January 2024}} The stadium is primarily an Ice speedway venue.{{cite web |url=https://www.fim-europe.com/european-individual-ice-speedway%E2%80%88final-ufa-russia/l |title=European Individual Ice Speedway Final at Ufa (Russia) |website=FIM |date=April 12, 2018 |access-date=25 January 2024}}

Bashkiria Ufa were one of the most successful speedway clubs in the country. They won the Soviet Union Championship eleven times from 1962 to 1988 but disbanded in 1998.{{cite web |url=http://www.historyspeedway.nstrefa.pl/dmzsrr.php |title=Soviet Union Team Championship |website=Speedway History |access-date=13 April 2024}} They raced at the Trud Stadium (Ufa), which was demolished in 2005, making way for the Ufa Arena.

File:Bashkir State University at night.jpg

Educational institutions include:

• Bashkir State University
• Ufa State Aviation Technical University
• Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
• Bashkir State Medical University
• Bashkir State Agrarian University

Graduate universities and law schools:

• Ural State Law Academy Ufa's campus

Scientific institutions include:

• Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan{{cite web |url=http://www.anrb.ru/ |title=Home |website=anrb.ru}}
• Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (USC RAS){{cite web |url=http://www.ufaras.ru/ |title=Home |website=ufaras.ru}}

In Ufa, there is the Ufa branch of the Financial University and the Ufa branch of the Russian State Economic University. Plekhanov, where there are practically no check digits for admissions to the budget. They are housed in good-quality buildings, but they do not benefit from them to society, more and more often, rumors are circulating about them that they are designed for siphoning money – since there are practically no budget places for economic specialties in Ufa. In the economic specialties of the magistracy, the plan for admission to Ufa universities is no more than 30 budget places.

In 2020, the world's first monument to a tick was erected in the city center of Ufa on a stone base from the Ural Mountains with the inscription: "Same as you I also want to live".{{Cite journal |last1=Denisov |first1=Stepan S. |last2=Dijkgraaf |first2=Ingrid |date=2021-10-13 |title=Immunomodulatory Proteins in Tick Saliva From a Structural Perspective |journal=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |language=English |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/fcimb.2021.769574 |doi-access=free |pmid=34722347 |issn=2235-2988|pmc=8548845 }}

Periodically, a suffocating, unpleasant chemical odor can be smelled in the Ufa region.{{Cite web|url=https://tdnu.ru/article/news/v-ufe-gorozhane-pozhalovalis-na-zlovonnyj-himicheskij-zapah/|title=Жители Уфы пожаловались на зловонный химзапах, взяты пробы|date=June 25, 2018}}{{Cite web|url=https://mkset.ru/news/2017-11-24/minekologii-bashkirii-prichina-himicheskogo-zapaha-v-ufe-pyl-1842610|title=Минэкологии Башкирии: Причина химического запаха в Уфе - пыль|website=mkset.ru}}[https://ufa1.ru/text/gorod/175662438797312.html 09.06.16 г. Неприятный химический запах в городе, в чем причина? Источник материала] The media reports about the smell come out with an impressive regularity. Not all these reports are groundless, and the culprits are getting out of responsibility due to the fact that there is no Continuous Emission Control System (CEMS) in the city.

There are no street vacuum cleaners, road vacuum sweepers, or industrial (street) vacuum cleaners on the streets.{{cn|date=November 2023}} Unfortunately, there is a complete lack of sanitation services in the city.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

According to the letter of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) No. 20-18 / 218 of 11.07.18: "In the framework of solving problems at the federal level in the implementation of the state monitoring of atmospheric air, the territorial office of Roshydromet – FGBU Bashkir UGMS monitors pollution of atmospheric air in Ufa at nine stationary posts of the state observation network located in different parts of the city to estimate the level of air pollution generated by the total release and stationary and mobile sources of pollutants. Suspended substances (dust) are measured at all nine posts of the state observation network. The results of observations of the pollutants content are presented on the official website of the Bashkir State Hydrometeorological Service in the section "Monitoring of environmental pollution"http://www.meteorb.ru/monitorinu/air-pollution-ufa {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} daily and monthly. In 2017, the maximum single concentration of suspended solids reached 4.6 MPC m. in March 2017, at the address: Oktyabrya Ave., 141, located near the motorway with heavy traffic, and in April 2017 at the post: Dostoyevsky St., 102/1, located in the area of the industrial enterprise. During 2017 almost all posts of the state observation network recorded exceedances of a single concentration of suspended substances. At the same time, in order to implement regional state environmental oversight aimed at preventing, detecting, and suppressing violations by public authorities, local authorities, and legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens of requirements in the field of atmospheric air protection, under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Republic Bashkortostan operates the State Bank of the Republic of Belarus "Office of State Analytical Control," to whose tasks, including GSI "organization of periodic environmental monitoring mobile laboratories in the areas where the population lives in the republic and in the zones of protective measures in the system of the general program of integrated environmental and sanitary-hygienic monitoring." Going to the site{{Cite web|url=https://www.meteorb.ru/monitoring/air-pollution-ufa|title=Мониторинг загрязнения атмосферного воздуха г.Уфа | Башкирское управление по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды|website=www.meteorb.ru}} found that all 9 posts of the state observational network of Roshydromet are located at a considerable distance from the area of Inors and Sipaylovo, from residential areas. Control of MPC and air quality in residential areas is not carried out.

The major religions in the city are Sunni Islam and Russian Orthodoxy. The Bezpopovtsy strain of Russian Old Believers is also registered in Ufa.{{cite web |title=БАШКОРТОСТАН |url=http://www.pravenc.ru/text/77728.html |website=Православная Энциклопедия|access-date=29 October 2016}}

Ufa is the location of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims in Russia. In 1989, the Russian Islamic University was opened. One of the largest mosques in Europe{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}, {{Interlanguage link|Ar-Rahim (mosque)|ru|3=Ар-Рахим (мечеть)|lt=Ar-Rahim}}, is under construction{{when|date=December 2024}} in Ufa.

Since 2019, Ainur Birgalin has been working as the Mufti of Bashkortostan.{{cite web |title=Духовное управление мусульман Республики Башкортостан возглавил молодой имам Айнур хазрат Биргалин |url=https://dumrb.ru/duhovnoe-upravlenie-musulman-respubliki-bashkortostan-vozglavil-molodoj-imam-ajnur-hazrat-birgalin/ |website=ДУМ РБ|date=April 29, 2019 |access-date=29 April 2019}}

File:Ljalja-Tjulpan.jpg|Lyalya Tyolpan Mosque

File:Кафедральный Соборный Храм Рождества Богородицы.JPG|Cathedral of the Nativity of the Theotokos

{{Main|List of people from Ufa}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}

Ufa is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Какие у Уфы есть города-побратимы и чем выгодна эта дружба? |url=https://ufa.aif.ru/dontknows/s_kakimi_gorodami_ufa_pobratima_i_chem_eto_vygodno |website=aif.ru |publisher=Ufa |language=ru |date=2019-06-11|access-date=2020-02-03}}

{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}

• {{Flagicon|TUR}} Ankara, Turkey
• {{Flagicon|KAZ}} Astana, Kazakhstan
• {{Flagicon|KGZ}} Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
• {{Flagicon|GER}} Halle, Germany
• {{Flagicon|CHN}} Hefei, China
• {{Flagicon|BLR}} Minsk, Belarus
• {{Flagicon|CHN}} Nanchang, China
• {{Flagicon|CHN}} Qiqihar, China
• {{Flagicon|CHN}} Shenyang, China

{{Div col end}}

{{reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|ba|adm|list}}
• {{Cite Russian law|ru_entity=|ru_type=Закон|ru_number=166-з|ru_date=26 декабря 2014 г.|ru_title=О статусе города Уфы — столицы Республики Башкортостан|ru_effective_date=по истечении десяти дней со дня официального опубликования (6 января 2015 г.)|ru_published_in=официальный Интернет-портал правовой информации Республики Башкортостан http://www.npa.bashkortostan.ru|ru_published_date=27 декабря 2014 г|ru_url=http://www.npa.bashkortostan.ru/?show=1&seed=9821|en_entity=|en_type=Law|en_number=166-z|en_date=December 26, 2014|en_title=On the Status of the City of Ufa—the Capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan|en_effective_date=the day which is ten days after the day of the official publication (January 6, 2015)|en_url=}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|ba|mun|list}}
• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ba|ufa}}

{{Wikivoyage}}

• [http://ufacity.info/eng Official website of Ufa]
• {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Ufa (town) |volume= 27 | page = 557 |short= 1}}
• {{In lang|ru|cap=yes}} [http://ufacity.info Official website of Ufa]
• {{In lang|ru|cap=yes}} [http://www.gorsovet-ufa.ru Official website of the Council of Ufa Urban Okrug]
• {{In lang|ru|cap=yes}} [https://бериключ.рф/luchshij-rajon-dlya-prozhivaniya-v-ufe/ Best neighborhoods to live in Ufa, rating]

{{Ufa}}

{{Republic of Bashkortostan}}

{{Rural localities in Ufa urban okrug}}

{{Russian republics capitals}}

{{List of European capitals by region}}

{{Capitals of Russia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1574 establishments in Russia

Category:History of Ural

Category:Populated places established in 1574

Category:Ufimsky Uyezd