Ujumqin horse

Also known as Wuchumutsin{{Cite web |title=Mongolian - Ujumqin / China (Horse) |url=https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=China&specie=Horse&breed=Mongolian%20-%20Ujumqin |website=Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (DAD-IS)}} and Wuzhumuqin.{{Harvtxt|Hendricks|2007|p=128}}{{Harvtxt|Porter|Alderson|Hall|Sponenberg|2016|p=453}} The CAB International encyclopedia (2016) calls it "improved white Ujumqin". It is the result of selective breeding under human control, which has increased its size.{{Harvtxt|Puel|1989|p=31}}

A technical communication from Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux in 1969,{{Cite book |last=Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Breeding and Genetics |title=Technical Communication |publisher=Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux |year=1969 |pages=100, 105}} followed by an official Chinese report in 1978,{{Harvtxt|Zheng|1984|p=15}} indicated the existence of these horses as a distinct breed or type. In 1982, around 100,000 Ujumqin-type horses were recorded in China, with a downward trend in numbers.

The Ujumqin is a light, steppe-type horse. It is considered an "improved", more elegant version of the classic Chinese Mongolian horse.

Different size data are available. In his 1984 study, Piliu Zheng mentions an average height of 1.35 m for males and 1.29 m for females.{{Harvtxt|Zheng|1984|p=9}} Caroline Puel (1989) cites an overall average of 1.35 m. CAB International (2016) indicates more than 1.30 m. The data are 1.27 m for females and 1.30 m for males according to the DAD-IS database, managed by the FAO. The University of Oklahoma study (2007) gives a lower overall average of around 1.25 m.

The Ujumqin is reputed to be better conformed than other strains of Chinese Mongolian, thanks to the quality of the grass in its native territory.

The breed has great endurance, and is faster than other Mongolian horses.{{Harvtxt|Li|Shi|Fan|Manglai|2008|p=1697}} Among the various types of Chinese Mongolian horse, the Ujumqin is the closest genetically to the Wushen,{{Harvtxt|Li|Shi|Fan|Manglai|2008|p=1696}} which is surprising given the great geographical distance between the two breeding areas. It is possible that this genetic proximity is the result of exchanges of breeding stock between breeders.{{Harvtxt|Li|Shi|Fan|Manglai|2008|p=1702}}

The Ujumqin has a remarkable aptitude for work. The breed is mainly used as a saddle horse and transport horse. Ujumqin mares are milked for their milk: lactation lasts an average of 125 days, with an average yield of 350 kg per lactation.

DAD-IS registers it as a local Chinese breed. It is mainly found in the Xilingol League in eastern Inner Mongolia, but has also spread to neighboring agricultural regions in northern China. No threat level is given. In 2007 the FAO listed it as 'not at risk'.{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Breeds Currently Recorded In The Global Databank For Animal Genetic Resources |url=ftp://ftp.fao.org/DOCREP/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/Breeds-documented-GlobalDbank-AnimalGeneticResources/List_breeds.pdf |website=Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture}}

• List of horse breeds
• Horses in Chinese culture
• Shandan horse

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Hendricks |first=Bonnie Lou |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdJg3qXssWYC |title=International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0806138848 |chapter=Chinese Mongolian}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Li |first1=Jinlian |url=http://www.ajas.info/upload/pdf/21-236.pdf |title=mtDNA diversity and origin of Chinese Mongolian horses |last2=Shi |first2=Youfei |last3=Fan |first3=Caiyun |last4=Manglai |first4=Dugarjaviin |publisher=Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci |year=2008 |volume=21 |issue=12}}
• {{Cite book |last=Mang |first=L. |title=Wuzhumuqin horse-outstanding species on Xilingoluo grasslands |publisher=China-Collection Industry |year=2005 |volume=1}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Porter |first1=Valerie |title=Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding |last2=Alderson |first2=Lawrence |last3=Hall |first3=Stephen |last4=Sponenberg |first4=Dan |publisher=CAB International |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-84593-466-8 |edition=6th |chapter=Chinese Mongolian}}
• {{Cite book |last=Puel |first=Caroline |title=Le petit livre du cheval en Chine |publisher=Favre |year=1989 |isbn=978-2828903312 |series=Caracole |language=fr |chapter=Où sont donc passés les chevaux chinois ?}}
• {{Cite book |last=Zheng |first=Piliu |title=Livestock Breeds of China |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization |year=1984 |isbn=9251021856 |chapter=Horses}}

{{Horse breeds of China}}

Category:Horse breeds originating in China