Ulma (river)
{{Infobox river
| name = Ulma
| other_name = Ульма
| image = Ulma USSR map NM 52-2.jpg
| image_caption =Selemdzha and Ulma river confluence map section
| source1_location = Turan Range
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|51|33|44|N|131|17|06|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:RU}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|480|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = Selemdzha
| mouth_location = Between Uglovoye and Bogoslovka
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|51|55|05|N|129|17|01|E|source:wikidata|display=it}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|171|m|abbr=on}}
| progression = Selemdzha → {{RZeya}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = Russia
| length = {{convert|346|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size = {{convert|5550|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| pushpin_map = Russia Amur Oblast
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_caption= Mouth location in Amur Oblast, Russia
}}
The Ulma ({{langx|ru|Ульма}}) is a river in Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. It is the longest tributary of the Selemdzha, with a length of {{convert|346|km|mi}} and with {{convert|5550|km2|mi2}} the fourth in drainage basin area, after the Orlovka and Byssa.{{GVR|290780|Река Ульма}}
The river flows across a largely uninhabited area except for Ulma village on its banks. It is a rafting and fishing destination.
History
Pottery fragments belonging to the Paleolithic Selemdzha culture (SLM) were found at the archaeological site Ust-Ulma-1 by the river. Organic content in a potsherd found at the site was dated back to between 8,900 and 12,590 years ago.{{Cite journal |last=Yanshina |first=O.V. |last2=Kovalenko |first2=S.V. |date=2022 |title=New data and insights into how pottery appeared along the Amur river |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1040618221000562 |journal=Quaternary International |language=en |volume=608-609 |pages=154–177 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2021.02.006|url-access=subscription }}
In 1981, the Ulma Zakaznik (Ульминский заказник), a protected area of {{convert|189100|ha}}, was established in the middle basin of the river.[http://amuroopt.ru/oopt/zakazniki/ulminskiy/ Нижне-Норский - Дирекция ООПТ Амурской области]
Course
The Ulma is a left tributary of the Selemdzha. It has its origin at the confluence of the Right Ulma and Left Ulma (Bordak) in the western slopes of the Turan Range. The river flows fast in a roughly southwestern direction in its upper reaches. In its middle and lower course it first flows northwestwards and then westwards, meandering across a very marshy floodplain dotted with small lakes and oxbows.[https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/m-52.jpg Topographic map M-52; M 1: 1,000,00] Finally it meets the left bank of the Selemdzha {{convert|48|km|mi}} from its mouth in the Zeya, {{convert|6|km|mi}} downstream from Uglovoye and {{convert|8|km|mi}} upstream from the village of Bogoslovka.Google Earth[https://water-rf.ru/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/2414/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0 Water of Russia - Ulma]
The Ulma river basin is mainly rain-fed and the spring-summer period accounts for up to 90% of the annual water runoff. Floods are frequent not only in spring, but also in the summer and autumn and are often quite massive. The river freezes in late October to early November and stays under ice until late April to early May.
All the tributaries of the Ulma are quite short, except for the {{convert|111|km|mi|abbr=on}} long Kera from the right.
Fauna
Taimen, lenok, grayling, crucian carp, pike, burbot and Amur catfish are some of the common fish species in the waters of the Ulma river.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-HbnIH6BG0 Река Ульма 2006 год, Амурская область, рыбалка]
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guKuyZYHhL0 Сплав по реке Ульма]
{{Portal bar|Russia}}