Ulmus alata

As its common and scientificAlata is Latin for "winged". names imply, winged elm is most easily recognized by the very broad, thin pair of corky wings that form along the branchlets after a couple of years. The tree generally grows to a maximum height and breadth of about {{convert|13|×|13|m|ft|abbr=on}}, although on fertile alluvial soils such as those of the Mississippi River Delta, some specimens have reached double this height (see 'Notable trees' below). The crown can be either rounded or pyramidal; the branches are pendulous.{{cite web |url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/ulmus_alata.html |title=Trees: Ulmus alata |website=www.ces.ncsu.edu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803215625/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/ulmus_alata.html |archive-date=2004-08-03}} The leaves are comparatively small for the genus, less than {{convert|6.5|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} long and less than {{convert|2.0|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} broad, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, thin in texture, and smooth above with serrate or doubly serrate margins. The leaves turn bright yellow in Autumn. The wind-pollinated perfect apetalous flowers are borne on long pedicels in March and April before the leaves appear. The reddish samaras are also relatively small, less than {{convert|8|mm|in|frac=32|abbr=on}} long, narrowly elliptic with two long incurving stigmas at the tip,Photo of U. alata samarae, jimbotany.com/16-Catalog_Ra_through_Z-Ackn-LitCitd.htm, [http://jimbotany.com/ULMUALAT.JPG] and usually disperse before the end of April.Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/1f/trees_of_britain_and_ireland_vol_7.pdf The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174627/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/1f/trees_of_britain_and_ireland_vol_7.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}. Vol. VII. 1848–1929. Republished 2014 Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-1-108-06938-0}}Schnelle, M. (1999). Field Notes: Ulmus alata. American Nurseryman, page 1998, 1 March 1999. p. 98. Chicago

File:Garden of the Gods - Winged Elm, Wahoo (Ulmus alata) - Flickr - Jay Sturner (1).jpg|Young Ulmus alata, showing corky bark-ridges

File:Garden of the Gods - Winged Elm, Wahoo (Ulmus alata) - Flickr - Jay Sturner.jpg|Leaves of Ulmus alata

Like the other North American species of elm, U. alata is very susceptible to Dutch elm disease and Elm Yellows (Elm phloem necrosis).{{cite web|title=Elm Phloem Necrosis|url=http://www.fs.fed.us/r8/foresthealth/idotis/diseases/elmpnecr.html}}

Ulmus alata is rarely cultivated beyond its natural range. It remains in commercial production in the US, and is occasionally available in Europe. At the beginning of the 19th century, the tree was one of the three American elm species cultivated in ornamental plantations in Britain,{{cite book|last1=Main|first1=James|title=The Forest Planter and Pruner's Assistant|date=1839|publisher=Ridgway|location=London|page=113|url=https://archive.org/stream/forestplanterpru00main#page/113/mode/2up}} but is now rare there. Several specimens are grown in New Zealand.{{cite journal|first1=Mike|last1=Wilcox|first2=Chris|last2=Inglis|journal=Auckland Botanical Society Journal|title=Auckland's elms|volume=58|issue=1|date=2003|pages=38–45|publisher=Auckland Botanical Society|url=http://bts.nzpcn.org.nz/bts_pdf/ABJ58%281%292003-38-45-Elms.pdf|access-date=22 February 2017|archive-date=6 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106180021/http://bts.nzpcn.org.nz/bts_pdf/ABJ58%281%292003-38-45-Elms.pdf|url-status=dead}}

On the silty uplands of the Mississippi Delta, Ulmus alata can attain 27 m (89 ft) in height, although the trunk diameter rarely exceeds 60 cm (24 in) d.b.h. In the old growth Fernbank Forest in Atlanta, Georgia, the species attains heights up to {{convert|39|m}}. A tree measuring {{convert|40|m}} high has been reported from the Congaree National Park in South Carolina.[http://www.nativetreesociety.org/events/congaree2009/NewCongMaxList.xls Event list]nativetreesociety.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234258/http://www.nativetreesociety.org/events/congaree2009/NewCongMaxList.xls |date=3 March 2016 }} However, the USA National Champion, measuring {{convert|27|m}} high in 2009, grows in Hopewell, Virginia.American Forests. (2012). The 2012 National Register of Big Trees.[http://www.americanforests.org/our-programs/bigtree ]

• Lace Parasol

Ulmus alata is of minimal commercial significance, its hard timber considered no more remarkable than that of other American elms, and of limited use because of the commonly small size of the trees. However, owing to its resistance to splitting, it is used to make high-quality hockey sticks.{{cite web |url=https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/ulmus/alata.htm |title=Ulmus alata Michx. Winged Elm |last=Snow |first=G. A. |date= |website= |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture. Southern Research Station |access-date=February 2, 2021|quote=}}

;North America

• Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 404-95, wild collected.
• Bartlett Tree Experts,{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartlett.com/|title=Bartlett Tree Experts: Tree Services|website=www.bartlett.com}} US. Acc. no. 1438, unrecorded provenance.
• Brooklyn Botanic Garden,{{cite web |url=http://www.bbg.org/cgi/bgbase/search.cgi |title=BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN >> Plant Records |website=www.bbg.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030430105750/http://www.bbg.org/cgi/bgbase/search.cgi |archive-date=2003-04-30}} New York City, US. Acc. nos. 730275, X00886
• Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest [http://www.bernheim.org/species_lists.htm Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest - Connecting People with Nature], Clermont, Kentucky, US. No details available.
• Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 116-96, wild collected Papoose Lake, Illinois.[https://www.cirrusimage.com/tree_winged_elm/ Photographs of Morton Arboretum U. alata, Acc. no. 116-96; cirrusimage.com]

;Europe

• Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.{{cite web|title=List of plants in the {elm} collection|publisher=Brighton & Hove City Council|access-date=23 September 2016|url=http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/list-plants-collection}} One tree at East Brighton Park, UK champion {{convert|13|m|ft|abbr=on}} high, {{convert|31|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} d.b.h. in 2001.Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, {{ISBN|978-1-873580-61-5}}.
• Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 506
• Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. Acc. no. 20080092, from seed wild collected in USA.Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. (2017). List of Living Accessions: Ulmus [http://elmer.rbge.org.uk/bgbase/livcol/bgbaselivcol.php?cfg=bgbase/livcol/bgbaselivcol.cfg&startrow=26]
• Thenford House, Northamptonshire, UK. No details available.

;Australasia

• Manukau Cemetery & Crematorium, Auckland, New Zealand. No details available.

;North America

Widely available.

;Europe

• [http://www.arboretum-waasland.be/English.htm Arboretum Waasland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219064133/http://www.arboretum-waasland.be/English.htm |date=19 February 2012 }}, Nieuwkerken-Waas, Belgium.
• Grange Farm Plants, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK.
• [http://www.esveld.nl/voorraadengels/voorrulmus.htm Plantentuin Esveld], Netherlands.

• [http://www.sheffields.com/products/simple_search Sheffield's Seeds Co. Inc.], New York, US.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Silvics |volume=2 |genus=Ulmus |species=alata |first=G. A. |last=Snow}}
• [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233501324 U. alata, Flora of North America, www.efloras.org]

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q7879360}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Trees of Northern America

Category:Plants used in bonsai

Category:Ulmus articles with images

alata