Umatilla Indian Reservation
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Umatilla Indian Reservation
|native_name =
|native_name_lang =
|settlement_type = Indian reservation
|image_skyline = W I-84 2174.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Old Emigrant Road in the reservation
|image_map = {{Location map
|USA
|relief = 1
|label = Umatilla Indian Reservation
|lat = 45.7
|long = -118.5
|caption = Location in the United States
|marksize = 5
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|width = 240
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|map_caption =
|image_map1 = {{Location map
|USA Oregon
|relief = 1
|label = Umatilla
Indian Reservation
|lat = 45.7
|long = -118.5
|caption = Location in Oregon
|marksize = 5
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|background =
|width = 220
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|coordinates =
|seat_type = Headquarters
|seat = Mission
|area_total_sq_mi = 271.047
|population_as_of =
|population_total =
|population_density_sq_mi=
|subdivision_type = Tribe
|subdivision_name = Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
|subdivision_type1 = Country
|subdivision_name1 = United States
|subdivision_type2 = State
|subdivision_name2 = Oregon
|subdivision_type3 = County
|subdivision_name3 = Umatilla and Union
|website = [https://ctuir.org/ Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation]
}}
The Umatilla Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It was created by The Treaty of 9 June 1855 between the United States and members of the Walla, Cayuse, and Umatilla tribes. It lies in northeastern Oregon, east of Pendleton. The reservation is mostly in Umatilla County, with a very small part extending south into Union County. It is managed by the three Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
Located on the north side of the Blue Mountains, the reservation was established for two Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribes: the Umatilla and Walla Walla, and for the Cayuse, whose language, now extinct, was an isolate. All the tribes historically inhabited the Columbia Plateau region. The tribes share land and a governmental structure as part of their confederation.
Geography, demographics and headquarters
{{main|Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation}}
File:Umatilla Indian Reservation map.png]]
The reservation has a land area of {{convert|271.047|mi2|km2}} and a tribal population of 2,927 as of the 2000 census. In addition, some 300 Native Americans from other regional tribes and 1,500 non-natives live on the reservation.[http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/CTUIR%20info%20packet.pdf "Who We Are" (January 2013)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127050104/http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/CTUIR%20info%20packet.pdf |date=27 January 2012 }}, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation The largest community is Mission, which is the site of the tribal headquarters as well as the Umatilla Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.{{cite gnis |id= 1122195 |name= Indian Agency Headquarters |entrydate= 28 November 2009 |access-date= 23 December 2009}}{{cite web |url= http://www.bia.gov/WhoWeAre/RegionalOffices/Northwest/WeAre/Umatilla/index.htm |title= Umatilla Agency |access-date= 23 December 2009}} Some BIA agency offices serve more than one federally recognized tribe, but the Umatilla Agency exclusively serves the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR).{{cite web |url= http://www.bia.gov/WhoWeAre/RegionalOffices/Northwest/WeAre/Tribes/index.htm |title= Northwest Region - Tribes Served |publisher= Bureau of Indian Affairs |access-date= 23 December 2009}}
The CTUIR is one of several tribal governments in the northwestern United States to offer free bus service on its reservation.{{cite web | url=https://indigenousgov.hks.harvard.edu/publications/ctuir-public-transit-confederated-tribes-umatilla-indian-reservation | title=CTUIR Public Transit | Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation | date=2010 }}
History
The tribes developed the Wildhorse Casino Resort on their reservation to generate revenues for their people. The casino is located near Interstate 84. In 2006 it started Cayuse Technologies, to provide software development and related services. These enterprises employ 1,000 persons and have markedly reduced unemployment.
Pendleton photographer Walter S. Bowman photographed tribe members in the early 20th century.{{Cite web |url=http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Floc&CISOPTR=1855 |title=CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer |access-date=29 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019152219/http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Floc&CISOPTR=1855 |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web| url=http://library.uoregon.edu/speccoll/photo/Pendleton/fbowman.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402090941/http://library.uoregon.edu/speccoll/photo/Pendleton/fbowman.html | archive-date=2016-04-02 | title=W.S. Bowman photographs, 1890-1925 | access-date=2024-01-30}}{{cite web| url=http://oregondigital.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/tlegacies&CISOPTR=282&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215233129/http://oregondigital.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/tlegacies&CISOPTR=282&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 | archive-date=2015-02-15 | access-date=2024-01-30 | title=Walter S. Bowman Photographs}} The CTUIR founded the Tamástslikt Cultural Institute, a museum that provides both historical and contemporary exhibits related to the confederated tribes, as well as exhibits of contemporary Native American arts and traditional craftwork.
Communities
See also
- Henry Roe Cloud, Superintendent, Umatilla Indian Reservation
- Shoni Schimmel, WNBA player born and raised on the reservation until leaving with her family while in high school
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.census.gov Umatilla Reservation, Oregon] United States Census Bureau
- [http://www.nps.gov/whmi/gallery/h_moor.htm Historical National Park Service photos from Umatilla Indian Reservation]
- [http://www.commonties.com/blog/2006/09/25/on-the-res-in-oregon/ A middle-aged man reflects on his life at the Umatilla reservation]
{{Coord|45.7|-118.5|type:landmark_region:US-OR_source:gnis-1159100_dim:45000_elevation:859 | display=title}}
{{Indian reservations in Oregon}}
{{Umatilla County, Oregon}}
{{Union County, Oregon}}
{{authority control}}
Category:American Indian reservations in Oregon
Category:Geography of Umatilla County, Oregon
Category:Geography of Union County, Oregon
Category:Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation