Umbilical cord compression
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| name = Compression of umbilical cord
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| image = Knotted cord.jpg
| caption = A knotted cord on a newborn baby.
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| field = Obstetrics
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Umbilical cord compression is the obstruction of blood flow through the umbilical cord secondary to pressure from an external object or misalignment of the cord itself. Cord compression happens in about one in 10 deliveries.[http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=51734&page=2 Childbirth Complications] at medicinenet.com. Last Editorial Review: 1/30/2005
Causes
- Nuchal cord, when the umbilical cord is (tightly) around the neck of the fetus[http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5 P02.5 Fetus and newborn affected by other compression of umbilical cord] in ICD-10, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases
- Entanglement of the cord
- Knot in the cord
- Cord prolapse, where the umbilical cord exits the birth canal before the baby, which can cause cord compression.{{cite web|last1=Holton|first1=Tim|title=How Umbilical Cord Complications Can Endanger A Baby's Life|url=https://www.holtonlaw.com/library/umbilical-cord-complications-can-have-lifelong-consequences.cfm|website=www.holtonlaw.com|access-date=2017-02-23|archive-date=2017-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224055144/https://www.holtonlaw.com/library/umbilical-cord-complications-can-have-lifelong-consequences.cfm|url-status=dead}}
- As a complication of oligohydramnios in which there is insufficient amniotic fluid
- Compression during uterine contractions in childbirth
Diagnosis
On cardiotocography (CTG), umbilical cord compression can present with variable decelerations in fetal heart rate.
Treatment
Umbilical cord compression may be relieved by the mother switching to another position or through maternal hydration. Secondary treatments include amnioinfusion. In persistent severe signs of fetal distress, Cesarean section may be needed.
References
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External links
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|762.5}}
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