Umbul Temple
{{Short description|Hindu temple in Java, Indonesia}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
File:Umbul Temple, bathing area, 2014-06-20.jpg
Umbul Temple ({{langx|id|{{no italics|Candi Umbul}}}}) is a Mataram-era Hindu temple in Kartoharjo, Grabag, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. It consists of numerous stones around two bathing pools which derive their water from a spring. Thought to have been built in the 9th century as a bathing and resting place for the King of Mataram, it was abandoned in the early 11th century but rediscovered by the 19th century. The temple complex, considered a Cultural Property of Indonesia, is open to tourists – including bathers and pilgrims.
Description
The Umbul temple complex has two rectangular bathing areas, a larger upper pool (measuring {{convert|7.15|by|12.5|m}}) and a smaller lower pool (measuring {{convert|7|by|8.5|m}}). The warm, green-tinted water, which is derived from a spring, flows from the large pool into the smaller one through a {{convert|2|m|adj=on}} long water duct.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}}{{sfn|Degroot|2009|pp=120–121, 342–343}}
Around the pools is a garden,{{sfn|Jauhary 2013, Magelang}} as well as various stones, including some in the shape of lingga and yoni. In 1876, the Dutch scholar R.H.T. Friederich proposed that there may have been two temples at the site, although no bases have been discovered.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|pp=120–121, 342–343}} His proposal of two temples is supported by similarities in the carving of the stones and reliefs, suggesting that they were not part of the same temple. An original wall lies some {{convert|20|m}} east of the bathing pool.{{sfn|BKB 2001, Menikmati}}
Various artefacts have been found at Umbul, including religious sculptures.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=121}} Statues found include two of Ganesha, two of Durga, and one of Agastya. In a 1923 inventory, N.J. Krom wrote that a garuda with a human body had been found as well.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=343}}
Location and history
File:Umbul Temple, ruins of stupa(?), 2014-06-20.jpg
Umbul is located in Kartoharjo, Grabag, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia,{{sfn|Jauhary 2013, Magelang}} at the bottom of a valley and surrounded by hills, approximately {{convert|550|m}} above sea level.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=342}} It is one of eleven temples in the area around the Elo River;{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=115}} Umbul is {{convert|50|m}} south of the waterway.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=342}} Umbul is one of several water-related attractions in the area, which is also home to Sekar Langit waterfall and Telaga Bleder.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}} The temple is known by several names, including Air Panas and Candi Panas,{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=342}} and its waters are believed to cure skin diseases.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}}
The exact year of the temple's construction is not certain, though it is thought to have been constructed in the 9th century, perhaps between 800 and 890, predating the better-known Borobudur. It is thought to have been a resting and bathing area for the Hindu Mataram-era kings, as well as serving as a site of worship.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}}{{sfn|Jauhary 2013, Magelang}} It is one of only four confirmed pools from the era, the others being Sidomukti near Semarang, Cabean Kunti in Boyolali, and Payak in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.{{sfn|Degroot|2009|p=121}} Umbul was likely abandoned following the 1006 eruption of Mount Merapi, which covered the area in ash, and a flood not long afterward. Although the year of rediscovery is not recorded, the temple has been known since at least the 19th century, and Dutch coins from the 1700s have been found in the area.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}}{{sfn|BKB 2001, Menikmati}}
Umbul is open as a tourist attraction. Tribun Jogja reports that, {{as of|June 2014|lc=yes}}, it receives an average of 30 visitors a day; some come to bathe, others to relax, and others for pilgrimage.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}} Entrance tickets are Rp. 3,300 for adults and 2,300 for children. The growth potential is limited by the narrow streets leading to the temple from the main road.{{sfn|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}} The complex is considered a Cultural Property of Indonesia.Sign at Umbul Temple
See also
{{Portal|Indonesia}}
References
{{reflist}}
Works cited
{{Refbegin}}
- {{cite book
|title=Candi, Space and Landscape: A Study on the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains
|last=Degroot
|url=http://www.sidestone.com/library/candi-space-and-landscape
|first=Véronique
|publisher=Sidestone Press
|location=Leiden
|year=2009
|isbn=978-90-8890-039-6
}}
- {{Cite web
|url=http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/09/20/102600/2325372/1025/magelang-ternyata-punya-air-terjun--pemandian-air-hangat
|title=Magelang Ternyata Punya Air Terjun & Pemandian Air Hangat
|trans-title=So Magelang Has Waterfalls and Hot Springs
|language=id
|work=Detik
|date=20 September 2013
|access-date=4 July 2014
|last=Jauhary
|first=Rafiq
|ref={{sfnRef|Jauhary 2013, Magelang}}
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910024229/http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/09/20/102600/2325372/1025/magelang-ternyata-punya-air-terjun--pemandian-air-hangat
|url-status=live
|archive-date=10 September 2014
}}
- {{Cite web
|url=http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2014/06/02/menikmati-sore-di-pemandian-air-hangat-candi-umbul/
|title=Menikmati Sore di Pemandian Air Hangat Candi Umbul
|trans-title=Enjoying an Evening at the Warm Springs of Candi Umbul
|language=id
|work=Tribun Jogja
|date=2 June 2014
|access-date=4 July 2014
|ref={{sfnRef|Tribun 2014, Menikmati}}
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603055446/http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2014/06/02/menikmati-sore-di-pemandian-air-hangat-candi-umbul/
|archive-date=3 June 2014
}}
- {{Cite web
|url=http://lib.konservasiborobudur.org/index.php?p=show_detail&id=391
|title=Penelitian Arkeologi Situs Candi Umbul: Candi Umbul Kartoharjo Grabag Magelang
|trans-title=Archeological Research of the Umbul Temple Site: Umbul Temple, Kartoharjo, Grabag, Magelang
|language=id
|publisher=Body for the Preservation of Borobudur Temple
|year=2001
|author=Sugeng Widodo |author2=Sudarno |author3=Damiri |author4=Sunarno |author5=Sutriyono
|access-date=4 July 2014
|ref={{sfnRef|BKB 2001, Menikmati}}
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140707053657/http://lib.konservasiborobudur.org/index.php?p=show_detail&id=391
|archive-date=7 July 2014
}}
{{refend}}
{{Commonscat|Candi Umbul}}
{{Tourist attractions in Indonesia}}
{{Hindu temples in Indonesia}}
{{Indonesia topics}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{coord|7|21|35.86|S|110|17|52.15|E|display=title}}
Category:Buildings and structures in Central Java
Category:Archaeological sites in Indonesia