Umm az-Zinat

Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.Dauphin, 1998, p. 694

Several rock cut tombs were found south and south west of the village. They have been dated to the Christian era.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/71/mode/1up 71]-72

In 1859, the English Consul Rogers stated that the population was 350 souls, with 25 feddans of cultivation.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/43/mode/1up 43]

In 1870, Victor Guérin found the village to have four hundred and fifty inhabitants. Some gardens were surrounded by a cactus. The medhafeh, or guest house, also served as a mosque.Guérin, 1875, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n269/mode/2up 244-245], [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n323/mode/2up 299]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described the village as: "A good-sized village on a saddle, built principally of stone, with a well on the south. This seems to be an ancient site, having many well-cut rock-tombs."

A population list from about 1887 showed that Umm ez-Zeinat had about 750 inhabitants; all Muslims.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n203/mode/1up 178]

Umm al-Zinat had an elementary school for boys which was founded by the Ottomans in 1888.

In the 1922 census of Palestine Umm al-Zainat had a population of 787; 782 Muslims and 5 Christians,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n35/mode/1up 33] where the Christians were all Melkite.Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n51/mode/1up 49] This had increased in the 1931 census to 1,020 Muslims and 9 Christians, in a total of 209 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 97]

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 1,470; 1,450 Muslims and 20 Christians, with a total of 22,156 dunams of land. Of this, 1,742 dunums of land were for plantations and irrigable land, 9,879 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg 92] while 69 dunams were classified as built-up land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg 142]

Umm az-Zinat became depopulated in May 1948. In early May, it was reported that the women and children of Umm az-Zinat had been evacuated.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA175 175], note #67, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA268 268]

One of the villagers said that "One day before the fall of Umm al-Zaynat, three men from the settlement of Ein HaEmek entered our village, warning us that the Haganah forces were preparing to enter our village, where their aim was to intimidate us to flee, and leave the village. Some of them feared and fled, and some of them remained and waited for their fate."{{Cite web|url=https://haifanet.co.il/archives/2283|title=الرفيق ابراهيم الفحماوي-أبو وائل- من أم الزينات الى الحليصة.بقلم د. خالد تركي - حيفا|date=17 August 2009}}

The Golani Brigade took the village on 15 May, 1948, and expelled the remaining villagers. In August 1948 Israeli troops returned, with orders to kill any males and expel any females they found in the village. At least 2 Palestinian men were killed, and a number of females were expelled.Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA244 244], notes #618-622, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA297 297]Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA299 299]Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA444 444], note #192, p.[https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA460 460]

In 1949 Eliakim was established, just south of the village site.

In 1992 the village site was described: "The houses have been reduced to rubble, piles of which are scattered over the site. The site itself is overgrown with thorns, bushes, cactuses, and pomegranate and fig trees. There is also a small forest on part of the site. The village's cemetery is still visible. Part of the surrounding land is used by Israeli farmers as cattle pasture and is planted with fruit and olive trees."

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
• {{cite book |last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}
• {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
• {{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B.|last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
• Mülinen, Egbert Friedrich von 1908, [https://archive.org/details/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Karmels] "Separateabdruck aus der Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palëstina-Vereins Band XXX (1907) Seite 117-207 und Band XXXI (1908) Seite 1-258." Umm ez-Zeinat: p.[https://archive.org/stream/beitrgezurkennt00mlgoog#page/n196/mode/2up 353] ff.
• {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
• {{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first =G.| author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/169 169]–191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/Haifa/Umm-al-Zinat/index.html Welcome To Umm al-Zinat]
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/48991 Umm al-Zinat], Zochrot
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8389 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.08.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [http://www.alnakba.org/villages/haifa/zinat.htm Umm al-Zinat] from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
• [http://www.jalili48.com/pub/xENShowGallery.aspx?Sub=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&Sub2=Um_Al-Zinat Um Al-Zinat], from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/node/48991 Umm Zinat], from Zochrot
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/content/sixth-procession-return-adrid-umm-zinat-2003 Sixth Procession of Return by ADRID in Umm a-Zinat], 2003
• [http://www.zochrot.org/en/content/ninth-procession-return-um-zinat-2006 Ninth Procession of Return to Um a-Zinat], 2006

{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umm Al-Zinat}}

Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

Category:District of Haifa