Ummanigash (son of Urtak)
{{Short description|Elamite king, 7th-century BC}}
{{Infobox royalty
|name=Ummanigash
|title={{unbulleted list
| Co-ruler of Elam with brother Tammaritu
}}
|image=Khumban-Igash acclaimed as King after the Battle of Tulliz.jpg
|caption=Ummanigash and Tammaritu acclaimed as rulers of Elam after the Battle of Ulai.{{cite web |title=Wall panel; relief British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1851-0902-7-b |website=The British Museum |language=en}} British Museum.
|spouse=|reign=c. 653 - 652 BCE
|father=Urtak
|mother=
|predecessor=Teumman
|successor=Tammaritu II
|dynasty=Humban-Tahrid dynasty ("Neo-Elamite")
|succession=
}}
Ummanigash was briefly (ruled 653-652 BCE){{cite book|author=Jane McIntosh|title=Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&pg=PA359|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-965-2|page=359}} a ruler in the ancient kingdom of Elam, ruling after the beheading of his predecessor Teumman in 653. He ruled part of Elam while his brother, Tammaritu, ruled another. He is also referred to as Humban-nikash II{{cite book|author=Martin Sicker|title=The Pre-Islamic Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5MYFOWRZ8Z4C&pg=PA225|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96890-8|page=225}} and Khumban-nikash II.{{cite book|author=John Boederman|title=The Cambridge Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGBGauNBK8kC&pg=PA888|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22717-9|page=888}}
Biography
Urtak, the father of Ummanigash and Tammaritu, had ruled Elam from 675 to 664, at which point he died and was succeeded by Teumman. When Teumman rose to power, Urtak's sons Ummanigash, Ummanappa, and Tammaritu escaped to Assyria in fear of Teumman,D. T. Potts. (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. pp.277-8. and lived under Assyrian protection at Nineveh.{{cite book|author=Paul-Alain Beaulieu|title=A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcQ_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA280|date=20 November 2017|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-119-45907-1|page=280}} Based on his position in an Assyrian lists, Ummanigash was likely the oldest son of Urtak.D. T. Potts. (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. p. 280. The Assyrian Ashurbanipal, at the Battle of Ulai, killed Teumman.
After the death of Teumman, the Assyrian king placed Ummanigash as "king" over the Elamite city of Madaktu, and his brother Tammaritu as "king" of Hidalu. Meanwhile, Ashurbanipal faced an attempt by his brother, Shamash-shum-ukin, king of Babylon, to take over the Assyrian Empire. Ummanigash joined this rebellion, sending soldiers to the aid of Shamash-shum-ukin in 652. The Elamite forces were defeated, and shortly thereafter an individual by the name of Tammaritu (not the brother of Teumman) came to power in Elam, likely as a result of the Elamite defeat.{{cite book|author=John Boederman|title=The Cambridge Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGBGauNBK8kC&pg=PA888|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22717-9|page=150}} This successor of Ummanigash is known to modern history as Tammaritu II.
Aftermath of the Battle of Til-Tuba.jpg|The relief in the British Museum
Exhibition I am Ashurbanipal king of the world, king of Assyria, British Museum (32102431658).jpg|Detail
File:Exhibition I am Ashurbanipal king of the world, king of Assyria, British Museum (44156996760).jpg|Tongue removal and live flaying of Elamite chiefs after the Battle of Ulai, 653 BCE.{{cite book |last1=Maspero |first1=G. (Gaston) |last2=Sayce |first2=A. H. (Archibald Henry) |last3=McClure |first3=M. L. |title=History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia and Assyria |date=1903 |publisher=London : Grolier Society |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091767503/cu31924091767503#page/n248/mode/1up}}{{cite book |last1=Maspero |first1=G. (Gaston) |last2=Sayce |first2=A. H. (Archibald Henry) |last3=McClure |first3=M. L. |title=History of Egypt, Chaldea, Syria, Babylonia and Assyria |date=1903 |publisher=London : Grolier Society |page=427 |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924091767503/cu31924091767503#page/n474/mode/1up}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{Rulers of the Ancient Near East}}
Category:7th-century BC deaths
Category:7th-century BC monarchs in Asia