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Unconverted long-term prisoners

{{Short description|North Korean term for northern loyalists imprisoned in South Korea}}

{{Infobox Korean name

|context = north

|title = North Korean name

|hangul = 비전향 장기수

|hanja = {{linktext|非|轉向|長期|囚}}

|mr = pijŏnhyang changgisu

|rr = bijeonhyang janggisu

|othername1 = South Korean name

|hangul1 = 미전향 장기수

|hanja1 = {{linktext|未|轉向|長期|囚}}

|mr1 = mijŏnhyang changgisu

|rr1 = mijeonhyang janggisu

|text = Literally, "not-yet-converted long-term prisoners"

}}

"Unconverted long-term prisoners" is the North Korean term for northern loyalists imprisoned in South Korea who never renounced Juche. The North Korean government considers them to be "pro-reunification patriotic fighters",{{citation|title=National reunification prizes awarded to unconverted long-term prisoners|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2000/200009/news09/04.htm|date=2000-09-04|access-date=2012-09-13|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012070632/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2000/200009/news09/04.htm|archive-date=2014-10-12|url-status=dead}} while South Korean scholars have described them as "pro-communist spies".{{citation|journal=Asian Survey|volume=41|issue=1|title=North Korea in 2000: Surviving Through High Hopes of Summit Diplomacy|first=Samuel S.|last=Kim|year=2001 |pages=12–29 |doi=10.1525/as.2001.41.1.12}}

History

In March 1998, South Korean president Kim Dae-jung declared an amnesty for long-term prisoners over the age of 70, as well as some suffering from disease.{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/14/news/14iht-kor.t_7.html|periodical=The New York Times|date=1998-03-14|access-date=2010-06-15|last=Kirk|first=Don|author-link=Donald Kirk|title=Kim's Decree Benefits Millions; Some Dissidents Are Left Out: South Korea Grants Sweeping Amnesty|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930012755/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/14/news/14iht-kor.t_7.html|archive-date=2009-09-30|url-status=live}} In February 1999, President Kim declared another amnesty for 17 unconverted long-term prisoners.{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/283787.stm|periodical=BBC News|title=Seoul frees long-term prisoners|date=1999-02-22|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025602/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/283787.stm|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=live}} In 2000, as part of the June 15th North–South Joint Declaration, sixty-three of the prisoners were permitted to settle in North Korea. There were hopes that North Korea would reciprocate by releasing Southern prisoners of war still detained in the North.{{citation|url=http://www.atimes.com/koreas/BI05Dg01.html|title=Spies' repatriation causes unease in Seoul|last=Ahn|first=Mi-young|date=2000-09-05|access-date=2010-06-25|periodical=Asia Times Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235340/http://www.atimes.com/koreas/BI05Dg01.html|archive-date=December 2, 2013|url-status=unfit|df=mdy-all}} A number of them left behind family members in the South; the South's Ministry of Unification refused permission to let the family members go north with them.{{citation|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2000/09/01/2000090161346.html|title=NK Agents' Families in South Face Separation|date=2000-09-01|access-date=2010-06-27|work=The Chosun Ilbo|last=Jang|first=Il-hyun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621230241/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2000/09/01/2000090161346.html|archive-date=2011-06-21|url-status=live}}{{citation|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2000/08/25/2000082561198.html|work=The Chosun Ilbo|date=2000-08-25|access-date=2010-06-27|title=Ministry Announces List of NK Returnees|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621230310/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2000/08/25/2000082561198.html|archive-date=2011-06-21|url-status=dead}} They crossed the border by bus through the truce village of Panmunjom at 10 AM on 2 September 2000, while a group of Southern protesters decried their return and demanded that the North return abducted Southerners; they were welcomed on the Northern side by a reception with a brass band playing revolutionary songs,{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/907307.stm|periodical=BBC News|title=Korean communists go home|date=2000-09-02|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021819/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/907307.stm|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=live}} and each was later awarded the National Reunification Prize.

In literature and film

A book about their experiences was published in North Korea in 2001.{{citation|script-title=ko:신념과의지의강자들: 비전향장기수들의수기 |trans-title=Soldiers of Faith and Will: Diaries of the Unconverted Long-Term Prisoners|editor-last=Han|editor-first=Sŏng-nyul|publisher=평양출판사|year=2001|oclc=49923802}} In 2003, South Korean director Kim Dong-won released Repatriation, a documentary about the unconverted prisoners, based on more than 12 years and 800 hours of filming.{{citation|title=Kim Dong Won's Film on North Korean Prisoners Held in South Korea|periodical=Asia Society|date=2003-03-28|access-date=2010-06-27|url=http://www.asiasociety.org/arts-culture/film/kim-dong-wons-film-north-korean-prisoners-held-south-korea|last=Yoon|first=Cindy}}

{{Clear}}

List of prisoners who crossed over to North Korea in 2000

Following is a list of the 63 prisoners who went to North Korea in 2000.{{citation|url=http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/146th_issue/2000082501.htm|periodical=The People's Korea|publisher=Chongryon|number=146|date=2000-08-25|title=Unconverted Long-Term Prisoners to Be Repatriated to N. Korea on Sep. 2|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226023505/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/146th_issue/2000082501.htm|archive-date=2012-02-26|url-status=dead}}{{citation|url=http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?n=200006300126|work=The Dong-a Ilbo|date=2000-06-30|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:北送 희망 미전향장기수 60명 넘어설듯 |trans-title=List of unconverted long-term prisoners hoping to be sent North exceeds 60 names|last=Kang|first=Jin-uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608010350/http://www.donga.com/fbin/output?n=200006300126|archive-date=2011-06-08|url-status=dead}}{{citation|url=http://www.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200008/200008250354.html|work=The Chosun Ilbo|date=2000-08-25|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:북송 장기수 63명 명단 |trans-title=List of 63 long-term prisoners to be sent North|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811234609/http://www.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200008/200008250354.html|archive-date=2010-08-11|url-status=dead}}

Personal names are given in McCune–Reischauer romanisation of the Northern spelling (thus surnames are spelled Ri instead of Yi, Ryu instead of Yu, etc.); place names are given in McCune–Reischauer without diacritics for places now in North Korea, and Revised Romanisation for places now in South Korea.

class="wikitable sortable"

!Name

!Hangul

!Hanja

!Birth/death dates

!Place of birth

!Province of birth

!Years in
prison

!width="33%"|Notes

Kang Tong-gŭn

|{{lang|ko|강동근}}

|

|{{Birth date|1916|11|19|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2004|2|12|1916|11|19|df=yes}}

|Hadong

|Gyeongsangnam-do

|37

|Obituary published by KCNA{{citation|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Dies|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2004/200402/news02/14|date=2004-02-13|access-date=2010-06-25|work=Korean Central News Agency}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Kim Tong-gi

|{{lang|ko|김동기}}

|{{lang|ko|金東基}} or
{{lang|ko|金東起}}

|{{Birth date|1932|11|19|df=yes}}

|Tanchon

|South Hamgyong

|34

|Interviewed by Kyunghyang Shinmun before his repatriation. Published a book of essays about his experiences ({{Korean|labels=no|새는 앉는 곳마다 깃을 남긴다}}, {{ISBN|978-89-88996-04-1}}).{{citation|url=http://news.khan.co.kr/kh_news/khan_art_view.html?artid=200008201900121&code=100201&fid=|periodical=Kyunghyang Shinmun|date=2000-08-20|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김동기 |trans-title=Unconverted long-term prisoner Kim Tong-gi}} Two different hanja versions of his name have been reported in the media.{{citation|url=http://www.tongilnews.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=890|periodical=Unification News|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수들의 글(1) / 강동근, 고광인, 김동기, 김석형|date=2000-09-17|access-date=2010-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929111128/http://www.tongilnews.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=890|archive-date=2011-09-29|url-status=live}}{{citation|url=http://news.donga.com/People/Insa/3//20000802/7566002/1?dis_box=3|work=The Dong-a Ilbo|date=2000-08-02|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향 장기수 김동기씨 수필집 내|last=Jeong|first=Seung-ho|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206225518/http://news.donga.com/People/Insa/3//20000802/7566002/1?dis_box=3|archive-date=2013-12-06|url-status=live}} Birthdate given as {{Birth date|1932|10|19|df=yes}} in 70th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2002-10-20|access-date=2010-06-29|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200210/news10/20.htm|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김동기에게 생일 일흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192137/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200210/news10/20.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} In August 2005, the KCNA reported in that he gave a speech to a visiting group of students from the Chongryon-affiliated Korea University.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/08/08-27/2005-0827-004.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2005-08-27|access-date=2010-06-29|language=ko |script-title=ko:재일본조선대학생들 비전향장기수들과 상봉|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192147/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/08/08-27/2005-0827-004.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Myŏng-su

|{{lang|ko|김명수}}

|

|{{Birth date|1922|5|1|df=yes}}

|Hamhung

|South Hamgyong

|37

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김명수에게 생일 여든돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2002-05-02|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200205/news05/02.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190640/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200205/news05/02.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Sŏk-hyŏng

|{{lang|ko|김석형}}

|

|{{Birth date|1914|3|18|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2006|8|14|1914|3|18|df=yes}}

|Pakchon

|North Pyongan

|30

|Also spelled Kim Suk-hyung. One of the prisoners featured in the film Repatriation. Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200608/news08/17.htm|work=Korean Central News Agency|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Kim Sok Hyong Dies|date=2006-08-16|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704080400/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2006/200608/news08/17.htm|archive-date=2010-07-04|url-status=dead}}

Kim Sŏn-myŏng

|{{lang|ko|김선명}}

|

|{{Birth date|1925|2|20|df=yes}}

|Yangpyeong

|Gyeonggi-do

|45

|Also spelled Kim Sun-myung. Joined the Korean People's Army due to disgust over the prevalence of Japanese collaborators in the South Korean administration. Captured on 15 October 1951, and sentenced to death; sentence commuted to life imprisonment. Family refused to see him; had him declared legally dead in 1975. Released in 1995. Blind due to cataracts left untreated by prison doctors.{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/20/world/free-in-seoul-after-44-years-and-still-defiant.html?pagewanted=all|date=1995-08-20|access-date=2010-06-27|periodical=The New York Times|last=Kristof|first=Nicholas D.|author-link=Nicholas D. Kristof |title=Free in Seoul After 44 Years, and Still Defiant|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220170950/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/20/world/free-in-seoul-after-44-years-and-still-defiant.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=2013-12-20|url-status=live}} His experiences were the basis for the 2002 film The Road Taken, starring Kim Jung-gi.{{citation|url=http://news.khan.co.kr/section/khan_art_view.html?mode=view&artid=200212051602021&code=900105|periodical=Kyunghyang Shinmun|date=2002-12-05|access-date=2010-06-25|language=ko |script-title=ko:'인간 김선명'에게서 또다른 내 인생을 봤죠|last=Bak|first=Mi-jeong}}

Kim Yŏng-dal

|{{lang|ko|김영달}}

|

|{{Birth date|1934|3|18|df=yes}}

|Yeongdeok

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|30

|70th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/03/03-19/2004-03-19-017.html|date=2004-03-19|access-date=2010-06-27|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김영달에게 생일 일흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185327/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/03/03-19/2004-03-19-017.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Yŏng-man

|{{lang|ko|김영만}}

|

|{{Birth date|1924|11|15|df=yes}}

|Gurye

|Jeollanam-do

|30

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/11/11-16/2004-11-16-006.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2004-11-16|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일총비서 비전향장기수 김영만에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185338/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/11/11-16/2004-11-16-006.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in September 2008.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2008/09/2008-09-21-rodong.html|date=2008-09-21|access-date=2010-06-27|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체97(2008)년 9월 21일 로동신문|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185357/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2008/09/2008-09-21-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Yŏng-tae

|{{lang|ko|김영태}}

|

|{{Birth date|1931|7|23|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2008|1|14|1931|7|23|df=yes}}

|Kwaksan

|North Pyongan

|35

|Also spelled Kim Yong-thae. Trapped in South Korea after the Korean War, and fought as a guerilla in the Jirisan area. Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200801/news01/16.htm|work=Korean Central News Agency|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Dies|date=2008-01-15|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185110/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200801/news01/16.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Yŏng-gyu

|{{lang|ko|김용규}}

|

|{{Birth date|1923|6|22|df=yes}}

|Boseong

|Jeollanam-do

|34

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/07/07-22/2003-07-22-016.html|date=2003-07-22|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김용규에게 생일 여든돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185459/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/07/07-22/2003-07-22-016.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Yong-su

|{{lang|ko|김용수}}

|

|{{Birth date|1931|9|30|df=yes}}

|Gyeongju

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|27

|KCNA gives his year of birth as 1932 in an announcement of his 70th birthday.{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김용수에게 생일 일흔돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2002-10-01|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200210/news10/01.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190547/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200210/news10/01.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in June 2003.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2003/06/2003-06-08-rodong.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체92(2003)년6월8일 로동신문|date=2003-06-08|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190629/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2003/06/2003-06-08-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim U-taek

|{{lang|ko|김우택}}

|

|{{Birth date|1919|10|28|df=yes}}

|Andong

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|40

|90th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2009/10/10-28/2009-1028-018.html|date=2009-10-28|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수에게 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185744/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2009/10/10-28/2009-1028-018.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Ŭn-hwan

|{{lang|ko|김은환}}

|

|{{Birth date|1930|7|12|df=yes}}

|Gwangju

|Gyeonggi-do

|31

|Also spelled Kim Eun-hwan. Released in the February 1999 amnesty.{{cite news|title=NK Spies Released On Amnesty|date=1999-02-25|access-date=2010-06-25|work=The Chosun Ilbo|last=Shim|first=Jae-ryul|url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1999/02/25/1999022561344.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110621230306/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/1999/02/25/1999022561344.html|archive-date=2011-06-21|url-status=live}} Joined the Korean Painters' Union after moving to the North. 90th birthday congratulations published by Rodong Sinmun.{{Cite web|title=Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Sends Birthday Spread to Pro-Reunification Patriotic Fighter|url=https://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-07-13-0002|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713091837/http://www.rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2020-07-13-0002|archive-date=July 13, 2020|access-date=August 4, 2020|website=Rodong Sinmun}} [https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1594621218-107826516/supreme-leader-kim-jong-un-sends-birthday-spread-to-pro-reunification-patriotic-fighter/ Alt URL]

Kim Ik-jin

|{{lang|ko|김익진}}

|

|{{Birth date|1932|7|13|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2008|7|8|1932|7|13|df=yes}}

|Yeongdeok

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|31

|Also known as Kim Il-jin. Released in the February 1999 amnesty. Obituary published by KCNA.{{citation|title=Obituary of Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Issued|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200807/news07/10.htm|date=2008-07-09|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091226180620/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200807/news07/10.htm|archive-date=2009-12-26|url-status=dead}}

Kim In-su

|{{lang|ko|김인수}}

|

|{{Birth date|1926|11|18|df=yes}}

|Tokchon

|South Pyongan

|34

|In June 2001, KCNA reported that he gave a speech to a delegation of visiting students from Korea University of Japan.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200106/news06/08.htm|date=2001-06-08|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:총련조선대학교 학생조국방문단성원들 비전향장기수와 상봉|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190404/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200106/news06/08.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim In-sŏ

|{{lang|ko|김인서}}

|

|{{Birth date|1924|5|27|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2008|08|17|1924|5|27|df=yes}}

|Daegu

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|36

|Applied to resettle in the North in 1996, but was rejected. Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/08/08-19/2008-0819-005.html|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김인서 서거|date=2008-08-19|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185550/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/08/08-19/2008-0819-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Chong-ho

|{{lang|ko|김종호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1916|8|2|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2003|11|21|1916|8|2|df=yes}}

|Gimcheon

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|31

|Obituary published by KCNA{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김종호동지 서거|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2003-11-22|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/11/11-22/2003-11-22-003.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190200/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/11/11-22/2003-11-22-003.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Kim Chung-jong

|{{lang|ko|김중종}}

|

|{{Birth date|1926|4|2|df=yes}}

|Gimcheon

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|29

|Received a doctorate in linguistics in 2003.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/08/08-13/2003-08-13-010.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2003-08-13|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김중종에게 언어학박사학위 수여|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190132/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/08/08-13/2003-08-13-010.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.

Kim Chang-wŏn

|{{lang|ko|김창원}}

|{{lang|ko|金昌源}}

|{{Birth date|1934|10|27|df=yes}}

|Yeongdeungpo-gu

|Seoul

|31

|70th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/10/10-28/2004-10-28-003.html|date=2004-10-28|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일총비서 비전향장기수 김창원에게 생일 70돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190719/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/10/10-28/2004-10-28-003.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in April 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/04/04-11/2006-0410-005.html|date=2006-04-11|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 김창원의 글 《선군령장과 시대의 진군가》|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190812/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/04/04-11/2006-0410-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} Interviewed by The Pyongyang Times in September 2008.{{cite news|url=http://www.naenara.rep.kp/ch/news/news_view.php?0+14331|work=The Pyongyang Times|number=713|script-title=zh:祖国赞歌 |date=2008-09-09|access-date=2010-06-29|language=zh-Hans}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Ko Kwang-in

|{{lang|ko|고광인}}

|{{lang|ko|高光仁}}

|{{Birth date|1935|1|5|df=yes}}

|Gochang

|Jeollabuk-do

|34

|An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in May 2003.{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2003/05/2003-05-06-rodong.html|date=2003-05-06|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체92(2003)년 5월 6일 로동신문|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190953/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2003/05/2003-05-06-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} KCNA published 70th birthday congratulations in February 2005, but did not give a birthdate.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/02/02-14/2005-02-14-005.html|date=2005-02-14|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 고광인에게 생일 일흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191015/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/02/02-14/2005-02-14-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ryu Un-hyŏng

|{{lang|ko|류운형}}

|

|{{Birth date|1924|12|26|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2008|11|22|1924|12|26|df=yes}}

|Riwon

|South Hamgyong

|34

|Prior to his arrest, held various political posts including head of the Youth Department of the Chorwon, Kangwon, Committee of the WPK and chief of the education section of the Information Department of the Kangwon Provincial Committee of the WPK. Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200811/news25/20081124-07ee.html|date=2008-11-24|access-date=2010-06-27|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Dies|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185042/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2008/200811/news25/20081124-07ee.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ryu Yŏn-chŏl

|{{lang|ko|류연철}}

|

|{{Birth date|1912|2|13|df=yes}}

|Andong

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|27

|KCNA gives his date of birth as {{Birth date|1912|3|26|df=yes}} in his 90th birthday announcement{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 류연철에게 생일 아흔돐상|date=2002-03-27|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200203/news03/27.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190818/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200203/news03/27.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ryu Han-uk

|{{lang|ko|류한욱}}

|

|{{Birth date|1911|5|24|df=yes}}

|Cholsan

|North Pyongan

|37

|KCNA gives his year of birth as 1917 in his 90th birthday announcement{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/05/05-26/2007-0525-004.html|date=2007-05-26|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:아흔번째,여든번째 생일을 맞이한 비전향장기수들|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190844/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/05/05-26/2007-0525-004.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Kyŏng-gu

|{{lang|ko|리경구}}

|

|{{Birth date|1930|3|4|df=yes}}

|Gongju

|Chungcheongnam-do

|38

|An essay of his was published in the Rodong Sinmun in June 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/09/09-30/2006-0930-008.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2006-09-30|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:《내 고향의 안녕을 생각한다》 비전향장기수 리경구|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191021/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/09/09-30/2006-0930-008.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/03/03-05/2010-0305-002.html|date=2010-03-05|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:통일애국투사에게 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191118/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/03/03-05/2010-0305-002.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Kyŏng-chan

|{{lang|ko|리경찬}}

|{{lang|ko|李京贊}}

|{{Birth date|1935|11|15|df=yes}}

|

|Kaesong

|35

|Joined the Korean Painters' Union after his return to the North.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2002/200206/news06/01.htm|date=2002-06-01|access-date=2010-06-27|title=Art pieces created by former unconverted long-term prisoners|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227050710/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2002/200206/news06/01.htm|archive-date=2009-12-27|url-status=dead}} 70th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{citation|date=2005-11-16|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/11/11-16/2005-1116-001.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리경찬에게 생일 일흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192118/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/11/11-16/2005-1116-001.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} Essays of his were printed in the Rodong Sinmun in February 2005 and December 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/02/02-15/2005-02-15-017.html|date=2005-02-15|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리경찬의 수기 《위인숭배심을 화폭에 담아》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191822/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/02/02-15/2005-02-15-017.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-09/2006-1208-006.html|date=2006-12-09|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리경찬의 글 《통일을 불러오는 위인의 새벽》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191958/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-09/2006-1208-006.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Kong-sun

|{{lang|ko|리공순}}

|

|{{Birth date|1934|12|3|df=yes}}

|Seosan

|Chungcheongnam-do

|33

|70th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/12/12-06/2004-12-06-009.html|date=2004-12-06|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리공순에게 생일 일흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185637/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/12/12-06/2004-12-06-009.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in November 2006.{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수의 글 《신념으로 밝아오는 통일강성대국의 려명》|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/11/11-13/2006-1112-004.html|date=2006-11-13|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185648/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/11/11-13/2006-1112-004.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Tu-gyun

|{{lang|ko|리두균}}

|{{lang|ko|李斗均}}

|{{Birth date|1926|4|2|df=yes}}

|Chungju

|Chungcheongbuk-do

|31

|An essay of his was published in the Rodong Sinmun in October 2004.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/10/10-18/2004-10-18-022.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2004-10-18|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리두균의 수기 《조선로동당의 위대성을 소리높이 자랑한다》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191207/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/10/10-18/2004-10-18-022.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/04/04-03/2006-0403-001.html|date=2006-04-03|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일총비서 비전향장기수들에게 생일 80돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191137/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/04/04-03/2006-0403-001.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Se-gyun

|{{lang|ko|리세균}}

|

|{{Birth date|1922|1|15|df=yes}}

|Jeonju

|Jeollabuk-do

|30

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일총비서 비전향장기수 리세균에게 생일 여든돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200201/news01/16.htm|date=2002-01-16|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191228/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200201/news01/16.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Chae-ryong

|{{lang|ko|리재룡}}

|

|{{Birth date|1945|10|3|df=yes}}

|Yangyang

|Gangwon-do

|30

|First daughter Ri Chuk-bok (리축복) born {{Birth date|2002|7|24|df=yes}}, according to KCNA{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리재룡의 첫딸에 대한 그칠새 없는 축하의 인사|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200207/news07/26.htm|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2002-07-26|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185825/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200207/news07/26.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Jong

|{{lang|ko|리종}}

|

|{{Birth date|1911|8|9|df=yes}}

|Yeongdong

|Chungcheongbuk-do

|25

|Birth date stated as {{Birth date|1911|9|25}} in 90th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200109/news09/26.htm|date=2001-09-26|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리종동지에게 생일 아흔돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191652/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200109/news09/26.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in October 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2006/10/2006-10-29-rodong.html|date=2006-10-29|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체95(2006)년 10월 29일 로동신문|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191723/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2006/10/2006-10-29-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ri Jong-hwan

|{{lang|ko|리종환}}

|

|{{Birth date|1922|10|7|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2001|4|30|1922|10|7|df=yes}}

|

|Incheon

|43

|Obituary published by KCNA{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 리종환동지의 서거에 대한 부고 |trans-title=Report on the passing of unconverted long-term prisoner Ri Jong-hwan|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200105/news05/01.htm|date=2001-05-01|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185655/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200105/news05/01.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Pak Mun-jae

|{{lang|ko|박문재}}

|

|{{Birth date|1922|9|14|df=yes}}

|

|Kaesong

|28

|Imprisoned in Daejeon; released in 1993. Still alive as of 2004, according to KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/04/04-30/2004-04-30-027.html|date=2004-04-30|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:대를 이어 복받은 비전향장기수|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185705/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/04/04-30/2004-04-30-027.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Pak Wan-gyu

|{{lang|ko|박완규}}

|

|{{Birth date|1929|4|10|df=yes}}

|Cheongwon

|Chungcheongbuk-do

|33

|An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in December 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-18/2006-1217-003.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2006-12-18|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 박완규의 수기 《백승의 최고사령관기를 우러릅니다》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190437/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-18/2006-1217-003.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Pang Chae-sun

|{{lang|ko|방재순}}

|

|{{Birth date|1917|2|25|df=yes}}

|Hoengseong

|Gangwon-do

|38

|An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in November 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/11/11-18/2006-1118-005.html|date=2006-11-18|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 방재순의 수기 《<판문점충격> 통일려명을 부른다》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185814/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/11/11-18/2006-1118-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 90th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|access-date=2010-06-28|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/02/02-26/2007-0226-006.html|date=2007-02-26|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 방재순에게 90살 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185821/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/02/02-26/2007-0226-006.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Sŏk Yong-hwa

|{{lang|ko|석용화}}

|

|{{Birth date|1925|4|8|df=yes}}

|Yangsan

|Gyeongsangnam-do

|20

|Married to Lee Chun-ja of South Korea; two daughters. Left them behind to cross over to North Korea. 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/04/04-09/2005-0409-011.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2005-04-09|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 석용화에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185615/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/04/04-09/2005-0409-011.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Son Sŏng-mo

|{{lang|ko|손성모}}

|{{lang|ko|孫聖模}}

|{{Birth date|1930|1|15|df=yes}}

|Buan

|Jeollabuk-do

|19

|Released in June 2000.{{citation|periodical=Gyeongin Ilbo|url=http://www.kyeongin.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=70149|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127073304/http://www.kyeongin.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=70149|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:국내 비전향 장기수 실태|date=2000-06-16|access-date=2010-06-28}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in July 2006.{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 손성모의 수기 《<리조실록>에 깃든 위인의 숭고한 뜻을 새겨본다》|date=2006-07-21|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/07/07-21/2006-0721-005.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185622/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/07/07-21/2006-0721-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/01/01-16/2010-0116-005.html|date=2010-01-16|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:통일애국투사에게 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185631/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/01/01-16/2010-0116-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Song Sang-jun

|송상준

|

|{{Birth date|1927|7|29|df=yes}}

|

|Busan

|36

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA

Sin Kwang-su

|{{lang|ko|신광수}}

|{{lang|ko|辛光洙}}

|{{Birth date|1929|6|27|df=yes}}

|Yangsan

|Gyeongsangnam-do

|15

|Also spelled Shin Gwang-su. Born in Shizuoka, Japan according to some reports. Released in June 2000. Wanted in Japan for his alleged role in North Korean abductions of Japanese.{{citation|periodical=Kyodo News|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97DCBB384410BD&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Alleged North Korean abductor of Japanese may go home|date=2000-07-26|access-date=2010-06-27}}{{citation|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20060425a7.html|periodical=The Japan Times|title=NPA gets warrant for N. Korean spy|date=2006-04-25|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719204752/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20060425a7.html%23.UAhyaKgo9Rw|archive-date=2012-07-19|url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/fe4200/news/20060223i105.htm|work=Yomiuri Shimbun|date=2006-02-23|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ja |script-title=ja:辛光洙容疑者ら２人に逮捕状…共に諜報機関幹部工作員 |trans-title=Arrest warrant for Sin Kwang-su and another suspect; both intelligence agency operatives|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523063708/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/fe4200/news/20060223i105.htm|archive-date=2006-05-23|url-status=live}}

Sin Rin-su

|{{lang|ko|신린수}}

|

|{{Birth date|1918|4|1|df=yes}}

|Cheongdo

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|30

|Worked in a coal mine in his youth. 90th birthday congratulations published in The Pyongyang Times.{{citation|url=http://naenara.kp/en/news/news_view.php?0+11861|periodical=The Pyongyang Times|title=Birthday Spreads to Pro-Reunification Patriotic Fighters|date=2008-04-11|access-date=2010-06-27}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

Sin In-yŏng

|{{lang|ko|신인영}}

|

|{{Birth date|1929|12|6|df=yes}}

|Buan

|Jeollabuk-do

|32

|Also spelled Shin In-young. Served in the Korean People's Army during the Korean War; returned to the South as a spy and was arrested in 1967. Believed to have a wife, son, and two daughters in the North; his mother, Koh Bong-hee, continued to reside in the South. Imprisoned in Daejeon. Released in the March 1998 amnesty. Suffering from leukaemia. At the time of his release, he stated, "now I want to take care of my mother for the rest of her life". However, he bid farewell to her in 2000 and crossed over to North Korea with 62 other long-term prisoners, in a scene captured in Kim Dong-won's 2000 movie Repatriation.{{citation|url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117923452.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0|periodical=Variety|last=Foundas|first=Scott|language=ko |script-title=ko:Repatriation|date=2004-03-22|access-date=2010-06-27}} She died in 2002.{{citation|url=http://news.vop.co.kr/A00000002184.html |script-periodical=ko:민중의소리 |language=ko |script-title=ko:故신인영 선생의 어머니 고봉희 여사 별세 |trans-title=Mother of Mr. Sin In-yŏng, Ko Bong-hui passes away|last=Im|first=Eun-gyeong|date=2002-11-08|access-date=2010-06-27}}

An Yong-gi

|{{lang|ko|안영기}}

|

|{{Birth date|1929|6|19|df=yes}}

|Gumi

|Gyeongsangbuk-do

|38

|Also spelled Ahn Young-gi. Prior to his arrest, designed the Okryu Restaurant in Pyongyang.{{citation|url=http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?linkid=4&articleid=2009062001414820780|periodical=Yahoo! News|date=2009-06-20|access-date=2010-06-25|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일, 비전향장기수 안영기에 80회 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614095934/http://kr.news.yahoo.com/service/news/shellview.htm?linkid=4&articleid=2009062001414820780|archive-date=2011-06-14|url-status=live}} Released in the February 1999 amnesty. Joined the Korean Painters' Union after his return to the North.

Yang Chŏng-ho

|{{lang|ko|양정호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1931|4|3|df=yes}}

|Yangsan

|Gyeongsangnam-do

|31

|Released in the February 1999 amnesty. Joined the Korean Painters' Union after moving to the North. An essay of his was published in the Rodong Sinmun in August 2004.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2004/08/2004-08-31-rodong.html|date=2004-08-31|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체93(2004)년 8월 31일 로동신문|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191733/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2004/08/2004-08-31-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

O Hyŏng-sik

|{{lang|ko|오형식}}

|

|{{Birth date|1932|1|24|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2006|9|3|1932|1|24|df=yes}}

|Siheung

|Gyeonggi-do

|31

|An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in June 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/06/06-14/2006-0614-004.html|language=ko |script-title=ko:《새것으로 승리하는 6.15통일시대》 비전향장기수의 글 |trans-title=Essay of an unconverted long-term prisoner: 'Victorious renewal in the June 15 unification era'|date=2006-06-14|work=Korean Central News Agency|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185231/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/06/06-14/2006-0614-004.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/09/09-04/2006-0903-006.html|date=2006-09-04|access-date=2010-06-25|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 오형식의 서거에 대한 부고 |trans-title=Report on the passing of unconverted long-term prisoner O Hyŏng-sik|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185242/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/09/09-04/2006-0903-006.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

U Ryong-gak

|{{lang|ko|우용각}}

|{{lang|ko|禹龍覺}}

|{{Birth date|1929|11|29|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2012|12|7|1929|11|29|df=yes}}

|Nyongbyon

|North Pyongan

|42

|Also spelled Woo Yong-gak. Was captured in a North Korean commando raid in Southern waters in 1959. At the time of his release under Kim Dae-jung's amnesty in 1999, was believed to be the world's longest-serving political prisoner.

Yun Yong-gi

|{{lang|ko|윤용기}}

|

|{{Birth date|1926|8|2|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2001|06|13|1926|8|2|df=yes}}

|Ganghwa

|Gyeonggi-do

|40

|Obituary published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2001/200106/news06/15.htm|date=2001-06-15|title=Yun Yong Gi dies|work=Korean Central News Agency|access-date=2010-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185023/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2001/200106/news06/15.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Yun Hŭi-bo

|{{lang|ko|윤희보}}

|

|{{Birth date|1917|10|10|df=yes}}

|Gwangju

|Gyeonggi-do

|25

|90th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/10/10-11/2007-1011-005.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2007-10-11|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 윤희보에게 90살 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185508/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/10/10-11/2007-1011-005.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Im Pyŏng-ho

|{{lang|ko|임병호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1916|9|1|df=yes}}

|Boryeong

|Chungcheongnam-do

|32

|An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in December 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-28/2006-1228-008.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2006-12-28|access-date=2010-06-27|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 임병호의 수기 《새 삶의 축복》|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185533/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-28/2006-1228-008.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Chang Pyŏng-rak

|{{lang|ko|장병락}}

|

|{{Birth date|1934|7|25|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2009|10|11|1934|7|25|df=yes}}

|Kowon

|South Hamgyong

|38

|Also spelled Jang Byong-lak. Released in the February 1999 amnesty. Obituary published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200910/news12/20091012-13ee.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2009-10-12|access-date=2010-06-27|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner from S. Korea Dies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125102747/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200910/news12/20091012-13ee.html|archive-date=2010-01-25|url-status=dead}}

Jang Ho

|{{lang|ko|장호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1920|11|29|df=yes}}

|Mapo-gu

|Seoul

|32

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:김정일총비서 비전향장기수 장호, 우용각동지에게 생일 여든돐, 일흔돐상|work=Korean Central News Agency|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2000/200011/news11/29.htm|date=2000-11-29|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191545/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2000/200011/news11/29.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} Gave a lecture to a visiting group of students from Korea University of Japan in October 2003.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/10/10-03/2003-10-03-023.html|periodical=Korea Central News Agency|date=2003-10-03|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:총련조선대학교 학생조국방문단 비전향장기수들과 상봉|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191601/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/10/10-03/2003-10-03-023.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his entitled "Society and Morality" was published in the Rodong Sinmun in October 2005.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2005/10/2005-10-05-rodong.html|date=2005-10-05|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체94(2005)년 10월 5일 로동신문|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191608/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2005/10/2005-10-05-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} 100th birthday congratulations published by Rodong Sinmun , Pyongyang Times and KCNA, received a birthday spread from Kim Jong-un.{{Cite web|date=November 30, 2020|title=Pro-reunification patriotic fighter honoured with 100th birthday spread|url=http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=36414|website=Pyongyang Times}}

Chŏn Chin

|{{lang|ko|전진}}

|

|{{Birth date|1923|7|6|df=yes}}

|Gunsan

|Jeollabuk-do

|38

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/07/07-08/2003-07-08-009.html|date=2003-07-08|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 전진에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191632/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/07/07-08/2003-07-08-009.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Chŏn Ch'ang-gi

|{{lang|ko|전창기}}

|

|{{Birth date|1918|4|10|df=yes}}

|Buyeo

|Chungcheongnam-do

|23

|Also spelled Jon Chang-gi. 90th birthday congratulations published in The Pyongyang Times.

Cho Ch'ang-son

|{{lang|ko|조창손}}

|

|{{Birth date|1929|8|29|df=yes}}

|Ryongyon

|South Hwanghae

|30

|In poor health. Has a wife and two sons in the North.

Ch'oi Sŏn-muk

|{{lang|ko|최선묵}}

|

|{{Birth date|1928|7|1|df=yes}}

|Ganghwa

|Gyeonggi-do

|38

|Released in the February 1999 amnesty. Joined the Korean Painters' Union after moving to the North. An essay of his was published in the Rodong Sinmun in March 2005.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/03/03-17/2005-0316-011.html|date=2005-03-17|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 최선묵의 글 《선군화원에 꽃들은 만발한다》|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191643/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/03/03-17/2005-0316-011.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ch'oi Su-il

|{{lang|ko|최수일}}

|

|{{Birth date|1939|5|25|df=yes}}

|Uiju

|North Pyongan

|35

|

Ch'oi Ha-jong

|{{lang|ko|최하종}}

|

|{{Birth date|1927|3|21|df=yes}}

|Kimchaek

|North Hamgyong

|36

|Joined the Korean Painters' Union after his return to the North. 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/03/03-22/2007-0322-009.html|date=2007-03-22|access-date=2010-06-29|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수가 은정어린 생일상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192301/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2007/03/03-22/2007-0322-009.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Han Paek-ryŏl

|{{lang|ko|한백렬}}

|

|{{Birth date|1920|2|16|df=yes}}
{{Death date and age|2009|5|13|1920|2|16|df=yes}}

|Gwangju

|Gyeonggi-do

|23

|Obituary published by KCNA{{citation|title=Former Unconverted Long-term Prisoner Dies|date=2009-05-13|access-date=2010-06-27|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200905/news13/20090513-15ee.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113121847/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200905/news13/20090513-15ee.html|archive-date=2010-01-13|url-status=dead}}

Han Chang-ho

|{{lang|ko|한장호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1923|5|1|df=yes}}

|Myongchon

|North Hamgyong

|39

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/05/05-02/2003-05-02-009.html|date=2003-05-02|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 한장호에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191234/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/05/05-02/2003-05-02-009.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Han Chong-ho

|{{lang|ko|한종호}}

|

|{{Birth date|1918|1|31|df=yes}}

|Hamhung

|South Hamgyong

|13

|Left behind a son, Han Young-su. His wife did not attend his farewell. 90th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/02/02-01/2008-0201-003.html|date=2008-02-01|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:통일애국투사 한종호가 은정어린 생일상을 받아안은 소식|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609190345/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/02/02-01/2008-0201-003.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Han Chun-ik

|{{lang|ko|한춘익}}

|

|{{Birth date|1925|6|10|df=yes}}

|Hamhung

|South Hamgyong

|29

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/06/06-11/2005-0611-010.html|date=2005-06-11|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 한춘익에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191258/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/06/06-11/2005-0611-010.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Ham Se-hwan

|{{lang|ko|함세환}}

|

|{{Birth date|1932|12|12|df=yes}}

|Ongjin

|South Hwanghae

|34

|Applied for repatriation in 1993 (at the time of Ri In-mo's repatriation) and again in 1996, but was denied both times.{{citation|url=http://www.mediatoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=8804|periodical=Media Today|date=1996-02-07|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:통일원, 비전향장기수 김인서-함세환씨 북송거부|last=Baek|first=Seung-gwon}}{{citation|language=ko |script-title=ko:"제2 이인모 송환하자" 장기수 김국홍∙함세환 노인∙∙∙민간단체, 정부와 교섭중|url=http://www.sisapress.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=27808|periodical=Sisa Press|date=1993-06-10|access-date=2010-06-28|last=Gim|first=Dang|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725105655/http://www.sisapress.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=27808|archive-date=2011-07-25|url-status=live}} The KCNA reports that a daughter was born to him on {{Birth date|2003|3|19|df=yes}}.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/03/03-24/2003-03-24-014.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2003-03-24|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 함세환의 딸 출생 |trans-title=Daughter born to unconverted long-term prisoner Ham Se-hwan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185751/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2003/03/03-24/2003-03-24-014.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} In December 2006, an essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun.{{citation|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 함세환의 수기 《선군덕에 통일강국이 보입니다》 |trans-title=Unconverted long-term prisoner Ham Se-gwan's diary: 'Thanks to the military-first policy, we will enjoy a strong and unified country'|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-13/2006-1213-006.html|date=2006-12-13|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185757/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/12/12-13/2006-1213-006.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Hong Kyŏng-sŏn

|{{lang|ko|홍경선}}

|

|{{Birth date|1925|5|21|df=yes}}

|Cheonan

|Chungcheongnam-do

|33

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/05/05-23/2005-0522-003.html|date=2005-05-23|access-date=2010-06-28|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 홍경선에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191329/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2005/05/05-23/2005-0522-003.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in December 2005.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2005/12/2005-12-18-rodong.html|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:주체94(2005)년 12월 18일 로동신문|date=2005-12-18|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191409/http://www.kcna.co.jp/today-rodong/2005/12/2005-12-18-rodong.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Hong Myŏng-gi

|{{lang|ko|홍명기}}

|

|{{Birth date|1929|4|5|df=yes}}

|Buyeo

|Chungcheongnam-do

|38

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news06/20090406-05ee.html|date=2009-04-06|access-date=2010-06-27|title=Kim Jong Il Sends Birthday Spread to Pro-Reunification Patriotic Fighter|work=Korean Central News Agency|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113113558/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news06/20090406-05ee.html|archive-date=2010-01-13|url-status=dead}}

Hong Mun-gŏ

|{{lang|ko|홍문거}}

|

|{{Birth date|1921|9|14|df=yes}}

|

|Pyongyang

|37

|80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200109/news09/21.htm|work=Korean Central News Agency|date=2001-09-21|access-date=2010-06-28|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 홍문거에게 생일 여든돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609191531/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2001/200109/news09/21.htm|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

Hwang Yong-gap

|{{lang|ko|황용갑}}

|

|{{Birth date|1924|5|28|df=yes}}

|Hadong

|Gyeongsangnam-do

|35

|Released in 1989. Married a woman surnamed Kim, but did not tell her about his past as a communist agent; she only learned of it in late 1999. 80th birthday congratulations published by KCNA.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/05/05-29/2004-05-29-009.html|date=2004-05-29|access-date=2010-06-29|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 황용갑에게 생일 80돐상|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609192327/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2004/05/05-29/2004-05-29-009.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}} An essay of his was printed in the Rodong Sinmun in 2006.{{cite news|url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/02/02-01/2006-0201-011.html|date=2006-02-01|access-date=2010-06-27|work=Korean Central News Agency|language=ko |script-title=ko:비전향장기수 황용갑의 수기 《선군장정과 모닥불》 |trans-title=Unconverted long term prisoner Hwang Yong-gap's diary: 'Bonfire of the Military-First Youth'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609185210/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2006/02/02-01/2006-0201-011.html|archive-date=2011-06-09|url-status=dead}}

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Unconverted Long-Term Prisoners}}

Category:Prisoners and detainees of South Korea

Category:Recipients of the National Reunification Prize

Category:North Korea–South Korea relations