Unisys OS 2200 programming languages#Universal Compiling System
{{Short description|Aspect of Unisys OS 2200 operating system}}
{{context|date=August 2018}}
OS 2200 has had several generations of compilers and linkers in its history supporting a wide variety of programming languages. In the first releases, the Exec II assembler (SLEUTH) and compilers were used. The assembler was quickly replaced with an updated version (ASM) designed specifically for the 1108 computer and Exec 8 but the early compilers continued in use for quite some time.
Universal Compiling System
The modern compiling system for OS 2200 is known as UCS, Universal Compiling System.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=September 1994|title=Universal Compiling System (UCS) Conceptual Overview (Unisys publication 7831 0802)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP19.0/78310802-002.pdf}} The UCS architecture uses a common syntax analyzer, separate semantic front ends for each language and a common back-end and optimizer. There is also a common language runtime environment. The UCS system was developed starting in 1969 and initially included PL/I and Pascal. FORTRAN and COBOL were soon added. Ada was added later. The currently supported languages include COBOL,{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=February 2015|title=Universal Compiling System (UCS) COBOL Programming Reference Manual Volume 1, COBOL Statements (Unisys publication 7831 0448|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP18.0/PDF/78310448-005.pdf}} FORTRAN,{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=June 2010|title=FORTRAN Compiler Programming Reference Manual Volume 1: FORTRAN Statements (Unisys publication 7831 0489)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP21.0/PDFs/78310489-003.pdf}} C,{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=September 2016|title=C Compiler Programming Reference Manual Volume 1: C Language and Library (Unisys publication 7831 0422)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP19.0/78310422-013.pdf}} and PLUS.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=September 2016|title=Universal Compiling System (UCS) PLUS Programming Reference Manual Volume 1, PLUS Statements (Unisys publication 7831 0497)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP18.0/PDF/78310497-003.pdf}} PLUS, Programming Language for Unisys (originally UNIVAC) Systems, is a block structured language somewhat similar to Pascal which it predates.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=July 2018|title=Application Development Programming Guide (Unisys publication 7831 4077)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP18.0/PDF/78314077-010.pdf}}
Legacy compilers
Previous PLUS, COBOL{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=June 2010|title=ASCII COBOL Programming Reference Manual (Unisys publication 7830 7709)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP18.0/PDF/78307709-002.pdf}} and FORTRAN{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=February 2013|title=ASCII FORTRAN Programming Reference Manual (Unisys publication 8222 3744)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP19.0/82223744-000.pdf}} compilers are also still supported. An even earlier FORTRAN compiler (FORTRAN V), while no longer supported, is still in use for an application developed in the 1960s in that language.
Compilers previously existed for ALGOL, Simula, BASIC, Lisp, NELIAC, JOVIAL, and other programming languages that are no longer in use on the ClearPath OS 2200 systems.
Assembler
The assembler, MASM,{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=July 2020|title=Meta-Assembler (MASM) Programming Reference Manual (Unisys publication 7830 8269)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP19.0/78308269-006.pdf}} is heavily used both to obtain the ultimate in efficiency and to implement system calls that are not native to the programming language. Much of the MASM code in current use is a carryover from earlier days when compiler technology was not as advanced and when the machines were much slower and more constrained by memory size than today.
Linking
There are two linking systems used. The collector (@MAP){{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=July 2020|title=ClearPath OS 2200 Collector Programming Reference Manual (Unisys publication 7830 9887)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP19.0/78309887-004.pdf}} combines the output relocatable elements of the basic-mode compilers and assemblers into an absolute element which is directly executable. While this linker is intended primarily to support basic mode, the relocatable and absolute elements may contain extended-mode as well. This is often the case when an existing application is enhanced to use extended mode or call extended mode libraries but still contains some basic mode code. The Exec is an example of such a program.
The linker (@LINK) is the modern linking environment which combines object modules into a new object module. It provides both static and dynamic linking capabilities. The most common usage is to combine the object modules of a program statically but to allow dynamic linking to libraries.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=July 2018|title=Linking System Programming Reference Manual (Unisys publication 7831 0505)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/CP18.0/PDF/78310505-011.pdf}}
Java
OS 2200 provides a complete Java environment.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=February 2013|title=Virtual Machine for the Java Platform on ClearPath OS 2200 JProcessor User Guide (Unisys publication 3839 3088)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/jprocessor-3.0/pdf/38393088-005.pdf}}
Java on OS 2200 has evolved from an interesting additional capability for small servlets and tools to a full environment capable of handling large applications. The Virtual Machine for the Java Platform on ClearPath OS 2200 JProcessor is a Linux port of the Oracle Corporation Java release. The environment includes a full J2EE application server environment using the Tomcat open source web server from the Apache Software Foundation and the JBoss application server.{{cite book|publisher=Unisys Corporation|date=February 2013|title=JBoss Application Server(tm) for ClearPath OS 2200 Installation, Administration, and Programming Guide (Unisys publication 3826 6425)|publication-place=Roseville, MN|url=https://public.support.unisys.com/2200/docs/jprocessor-3.0/pdf/38266425-007.pdf}} All of this has been integrated with the OS 2200 security, databases, and recovery environment.