United Golf Association

{{About|the golf association sometimes known as the Chitlin Circuit|the collection of African-American performance venues|Chitlin' Circuit}}

The United Golfers Association (UGA) was a group of African-American professional golfers who operated a separate series of professional golf tournaments for Blacks during the era of racial segregation in the United States. It was said to have started in 1925 when George Adams became a founding member{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} and in 1926 by Robert Hawkins, a golfer from Massachusetts.{{cite web |url=http://www.phillyburbs.com/lifestyle/golf/united-golf-association/article_36b40b40-13a0-11e2-b1d1-0019bb30f31a.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.phillyburbs.com |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630032017/http://www.phillyburbs.com/lifestyle/golf/united-golf-association/article_36b40b40-13a0-11e2-b1d1-0019bb30f31a.html |archive-date=30 June 2013 |url-status=dead}} It was known affectionately as the Chitlin Circuit[Remembering the old UGA tour - all-Black United Golf Assn] Black Enterprise Golf and Tennis Challenge: 4th Annual Tournament Journal Black Enterprise, Sept, 1997 and included many talented golfers such as Ted Rhodes, Bill Spiller, Pete Brown, Lee Elder, Willie Brown Jr., Zeke Hartsfield, Howard Wheeler, and Charlie Sifford.

Women were allowed to participate from the group's inception, but only in 1939 did the first women's golfing organization seek affiliation when the Chicago Women's Golf Club, organized by Anna Robinson, applied to join. Also, the Wake-Robin Golf Club, whose first president was Helen Webb Harris, joined the UGA under her leadership.{{cite web|url=http://www.africanamericangolfersdigest.com/wakerobingcbio.html |title=African American Golfer's Digest - News, Information & Activities in the 'Soulful' World of Golf |publisher=Africanamericangolfersdigest.com |access-date=2015-03-20}}{{cite book|author1=Marvin P. Dawkins|author2=Graham Charles Kinloch|title=African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-3DU5dL4fQC&pg=PA32|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-95940-1|pages=32–}}

Jimmy Taylor added the Mid Winter Classic at Rogers Park, Tampa to the circuit in 1963.Rodney Page Rogers Park was golf haven for African-Americans February 23, 2011 Tampa Bay Times

From 1934 through November 1961, the Professional Golfers Association of America maintained a "Caucasian-only" membership clause in its bylaws. The clause was removed by amending its constitution.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B94jAAAAIBAJ&pg=1707%2C6202279 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |agency=Associated Press |title=Race, religion, nationality no longer barrier to PGA |date=November 10, 1961 |page=18, part 2 }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qbcqAAAAIBAJ&pg=7100%2C1775561 |newspaper=Sarasota Herald-Tribune |location=Florida |agency=Associated Press |title=PGA group abolishes 'Caucasian' |date=November 10, 1961 |page=22}}

Contemporary golf associations for African Americans include the African American Golf Association (AAGA), United States Black Golf Association, United Black Golfers Association (UBGA), Western States Golf Association, Bogey Boyz, Black Jewels Ladies Golf Association and the African American Golf Foundation, Inc.