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United Nations Slavery Memorial

{{Short description|Monument in New York City, United States}}

File:United Nations slavery memorial.png

The United Nations Slavery Memorial, officially known as The Ark of Return – The Permanent Memorial at the United Nations in Honour of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, is an installation at the Visitors' Plaza of the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City, intended as a permanent reminder of the long-lasting effects of slavery and the Transatlantic slave trade.{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/slaveryremembranceday/memorial.shtml|title = Permanent Memorial | International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, 25 March |access-date=2016-04-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412205528/http://www.un.org/en/events/slaveryremembranceday/memorial.shtml |archive-date=2016-04-12}} It was designed by Rodney Leon, a Haitian-American architect, and installed in 2015.{{Cite web |date=2015-03-25 |title=FEATURE: Architect of UN slavery memorial explains 'The Ark of Return' |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/03/494402-feature-architect-un-slavery-memorial-explains-ark-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142042/https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/03/494402-feature-architect-un-slavery-memorial-explains-ark-return |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=UN News |language=en}}

It includes three main elements: a large triangular sculpture with a map depicting the triangular slave trade; a prone human figure depicting those who were transported overseas enslaved; and a reflecting pool mean to honour the memory of those who died in slavery.

Description

The memorial's name is drawn from the castle on the island of Gorée, Senegal, where enslaved people were held before being shipped across the ocean. One of the exits of the castle is known as "the door of no return".{{Cite web |last=André |first=Vania |date=2015-04-06 |title=Haitian American Architect Rodney Leon Slavery Memorial Unveiled at United Nations |url=https://haitiantimes.com/2015/04/06/haitian-american-architect-rodney-leon-slavery-memorial-unveiled-at-united-nations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142048/https://haitiantimes.com/2015/04/06/haitian-american-architect-rodney-leon-slavery-memorial-unveiled-at-united-nations/ |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=The Haitian Times |language=en-US}} The memorial is meant to serve as "a spiritual place of return".

The structure, which is meant to evoke the shape of a slave ship, is 30 feet tall and made of triangular white marble panels supported by a steel frame, which represent the triangular shipping routes of the slave trade.{{Cite web |last=Wills |first=Cheryl |date=2016-02-25 |title=Transatlantic Slave Trade Memorial in Manhattan Stands Taller During Black History Month |url=https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/Black-History-Month/2016/02/25/transatlantic-slave-trade-memorial-in-manhattan-stands-taller-during-black-history-month |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142051/https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/Black-History-Month/2016/02/25/transatlantic-slave-trade-memorial-in-manhattan-stands-taller-during-black-history-month |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=spectrumlocalnews.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Omala-Gauvin |first=Mirriam |date=2018-11-28 |title=Permanent Memorial for slavery: The Ark of Return |url=https://www.africanunion-un.org/post/permanent-memorial-for-slavery-the-ark-of-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142148/https://www.africanunion-un.org/post/permanent-memorial-for-slavery-the-ark-of-return |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=africanunion-un |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Becker |first=Peter |date=14 June 2016 |title=A ship made of marble prisms commemorating slave trade across the Atlantic |url=https://www.stone-ideas.com/50264/a-ship-made-of-marble-prisms-commemorating-slave-trade-across-the-atlantic/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142101/https://www.stone-ideas.com/50264/a-ship-made-of-marble-prisms-commemorating-slave-trade-across-the-atlantic/ |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Stone-ideas.com}} A map showing these routes have been etched into one of the interior panels. Visitors are able to walk through the structure, representing the journeys of enslaved people.

Also inside the structure is a horizontal statue of an androgynous figure carved from black Zimbabwe granite, meant to represent the "human spirit" and the deaths of all those who died due to the slave trade. Above the statue is an etched depiction of a crowded slave ship. Tears run down the figure's face into a triangular reflecting pool.

History

The Slavery Memorial concept came from various resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly including A/RES/62/122, A/RES/63/5, and the Durban Declaration.

Haitian-American architect Rodney Leon was chosen to design the memorial in 2013, his design having won out of a total 310 entries from 83 countries. Nicolas Grun and Pierre Laurent were named as second place winners for their design, Mémorial d’Ebène, and two designs were named as third place winners: Sofia Castelo's Middle Passage, and The Wounded Earth, designed by Carlo Gondolfi, Paola Passeri, Alessandra Ripa, and Monica Sacchetti.{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-09-23 |title=Winning design "The Ark of Return" for the Permanent Memorial in Honour of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade unveiled by UN Secretary-General |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/winning-design-%E2%80%9C-ark-return%E2%80%9D-permanent-memorial-honour-victims-slavery-and-transatlantic-slave |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531021333/https://en.unesco.org/news/winning-design-%E2%80%9C-ark-return%E2%80%9D-permanent-memorial-honour-victims-slavery-and-transatlantic-slave |archive-date=2023-05-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}

The project was supported by the Permanent Memorial Trust Fund and from India, which contributed US$250,000;{{Cite web |last=Minsky |first=Tequila |date=2015-04-01 |title=Honoring slavery's victims with The Ark of Return |url=https://www.caribbeanlife.com/honoring-slaverys-victims-with-the-ark-of-return/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Caribbean Life |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2015-03-26 |title=The Ark of Return: UN unveils memorial for slave trade victims, India main donor to monument-World News |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/ark-return-un-unveils-memorial-slave-trade-victims-india-main-donor-monument-2174269.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142707/https://www.firstpost.com/world/ark-return-un-unveils-memorial-slave-trade-victims-india-main-donor-monument-2174269.html |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Firstpost |language=en}} the estimated cost of the project prior to its construction was 4.5 million dollars. The white marble needed for the project was sourced from Vermont.

Initially the memorial was scheduled to be unveiled in 2014, in time for the 69th session of the general assembly. This was pushed back to 2015, both due to funding shortfalls and so its installation would coincide with the International Decade for People of African Descent, which started in 2015.{{Cite web |last=Bailey |first=Harold |date=2014-10-07 |title=Shortfall in funds to erect slavery memorial |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/shortfall-in-funds-to-erect-slavery-memorial/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830142621/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/shortfall-in-funds-to-erect-slavery-memorial/ |archive-date=2023-08-30 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Jamaica Observer |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Kimone |date=2014-08-04 |title=Monument to slavery now set for 2015 unveiling at UN |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/monument-to-slavery-now-set-for-2015-unveiling-at-un-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531021337/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/monument-to-slavery-now-set-for-2015-unveiling-at-un-2/ |archive-date=2023-05-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Jamaica Observer |language=en-US}}

The memorial was officially unveiled on March 25, 2015, the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The design won one of the Pinnacle Awards of the Marble Institute of America later that year.

Advisory board

Partners

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Official website|https://www.unslaverymemorial.org/}}
  • [https://www.rodneyleon.com/the-ark-of-return The Ark of Return on Rodney Leon's website]
  • [https://www.un.org/en/events/slaveryremembranceday/pdf/ENGLISH%20Printable_Ark%20of%20Return%20Brochure.pdf Ark of Return Brochure]
  • [https://www.stonesculpture.com/un-ark-of-the-return-1 United Nations Ark of Return]
  • [http://webtv.un.org/en/ga/watch/architect-rodney-leon-visits-united-nations-headquarters/3881424253001/?sort=date&term= Architect Rodney Leon visits United Nations Headquarters]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx-gnst3mC8 Rodney's Journey: Making the ark of return]
  • [http://webtv.un.org/watch/the-ark-of-return/4363936291001 The Ark of Return]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:United Nations Slavery Memorial}}

Category:2012 sculptures

Category:2015 establishments in New York City

Category:Slavery memorials in the United States

Category:Monuments and memorials in Manhattan

Category:Sculptures of slaves

Category:Sculptures of maps

Category:Sculptures of ships

Ark of Return

Category:United Nations art collection

Category:Stone sculptures in New York City

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