United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary
{{Short description|Standing committee of the U.S. Senate}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. congressional committee
| name = Senate Judiciary Committee
| type = standing
| chamber = senate
| congress = 119th
| parent =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| status = active
| formed = December 10, 1816
| disbanded =
| succeeded =
| preceded =
| merged =
| former_names =
| chair = Chuck Grassley
| chair_party = R
| chair_since = January 3, 2025
| ranking_member = Dick Durbin
| rm_party = D
| rm_since = January 3, 2025
| seats = 22 members
| majority1 = R
| majority1_seats = 12
| minority1 = D
| minority1_seats = 10
| policy_areas = Federal judiciary, civil procedure, criminal procedure, civil liberties, copyrights, patents, trademarks, naturalization, constitutional amendments, congressional apportionment, state and territorial boundary lines
| oversight = Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, federal judicial nominations
| counterpart = House Committee on the Judiciary
| subcommittees =
| meeting_place = 226 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C.
| meeting_image = File:Dirksen226.jpg
| meeting_img_size = 265
| website = {{URL|https://www.judiciary.senate.gov|judiciary.senate.gov}}
| minority_website =
| chamber_rules = [https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDOC-113sdoc18/pdf/CDOC-113sdoc18.pdf#page=31 Rule XXV.1.(m), Standing Rules of the Senate]
| committee_rules = [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/rules Rules of Procedure U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary]
| notes =
}}
File:Sonia Sotomayor on first day of confirmation hearings.jpg testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on her nomination for the United States Supreme Court]]
The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, informally known as the Senate Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of 22 U.S. senators[https://www.senate.gov/general/committee_membership/committee_memberships_SSJU.htm U.S. Senate: Committee on the Judiciary -- Committee Membership List] whose role is to oversee the Department of Justice (DOJ), consider executive and judicial nominations, and review pending legislation.{{cite web|title=Jurisdiction|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/jurisdiction|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|language=en}}{{cite web|title=Senate Committee on the Judiciary|url=https://www.govtrack.us/congress/committees/SSJU|access-date=January 11, 2018|work=GovTrack}}
In addition, the Standing Rules of the Senate confer jurisdiction to the Senate Judiciary Committee in certain areas, such as considering proposed constitutional amendments and legislation related to federal criminal law, human rights law, immigration, intellectual property, antitrust law, and internet privacy.{{Cite news|date=August 15, 2016|title=Guide to Senate Records: Chapter 13 Judiciary 1947-1968|work=National Archives|url=https://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/senate/chapter-13-judiciary-1947-1968.html|access-date=2017-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408082133/https://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/senate/chapter-13-judiciary-1947-1968.html |archive-date= April 8, 2017 }}
History
Established in 1816 as one of the original standing committees in the United States Senate, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary is one of the oldest and most influential committees in Congress. Its broad legislative jurisdiction has assured its primary role as a forum for the public discussion of social and constitutional issues. The committee is also responsible for oversight of key activities of the executive branch, and is responsible for the initial stages of the confirmation process of all judicial nominations for the federal judiciary.{{Cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/history|title=History |website=United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|access-date=2017-04-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408082454/https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/about/history |archive-date= April 8, 2017 }}
= Nominations =
{{see also|Senate Judiciary Committee reviews of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States}}
The committee considers presidential nominations for positions in the DOJ—including the Attorney-General and the Director of the FBI—, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the State Justice Institute, and certain positions in the Department of Commerce and DHS. It is also in charge of holding hearings and investigating judicial nominations to the Supreme Court, the U.S. court of appeals, the U.S. district courts, and the Court of International Trade.
If a majority on the committee votes to advance a nomination, the nominee is reported favorably to the whole Senate, which can vote by simple majority to confirm the nominee.{{Cite magazine|title=How Republicans Can Block Stephen Breyer's Replacement|url=https://time.com/6142711/joe-biden-supreme-court-nominee-mitch-mcconnell-stephen-breyer/|access-date=2022-01-27|magazine=Time|language=en |first1=Philip |last1=Elliott |date=January 26, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220127015058/https://time.com/6142711/joe-biden-supreme-court-nominee-mitch-mcconnell-stephen-breyer/ |archive-date=2022-01-27 }}
= Oversight =
The Judiciary Committee's oversight of the DOJ includes all of the agencies under the DOJ's jurisdiction, such as the FBI. It also has oversight of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
Members, 119th Congress
;(January 3, 2025 – January 3, 2027)
{{Main|119th United States Congress}}
;
class=wikitable
! Majority{{USBill|119|SRes|16}}, {{USBill|119|SRes|38}} (119th Congress) ! Minority{{USBill|119|SRes|17}} (119th Congress) |
{{party shading/Republican}} valign="top" |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} valign="top" |
|
Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/rep/releases/grassley-durbin-announce-senate-judiciary-subcommittee-assignments-for-the-119th-congress|title=Grassley, Durbin Announce Senate Judiciary Subcommittee Assignments for the 119th Congress|date=February 3, 2025|work=Committee on the Judiciary}}
! Chair ! Ranking Member |
---|
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Mike Lee (R-UT) | Cory Booker (D-NJ) |
Border Security and Immigration
| John Cornyn (R-TX) | Alex Padilla (D-CA) |
The Constitution
| Eric Schmitt (R-MO) | Peter Welch (D-VT) |
Crime and Counterterrorism
| Josh Hawley (R-MO) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights
| Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
Intellectual Property
| Thom Tillis (R-NC) | Adam Schiff (D-CA) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Chairs since 1816
class=wikitable | |||
Chair | Party | State | Years |
---|---|---|---|
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican | Vermont | 1816–1817 |
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican | Kentucky | 1817–1818 |
{{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist | Rhode Island | 1818–1819 |
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican | South Carolina | 1819–1823 |
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican | New York | 1823–1828 |
{{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | Jacksonian | Georgia | 1828–1829 |
{{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican | Kentucky | 1829–1831 |
{{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | Jacksonian | New York | 1831–1832 |
{{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | Jacksonian | Pennsylvania | 1832–1833 |
{{Party shading/Anti-Jacksonian}} | Anti-Jacksonian | Delaware | 1833–1836 |
{{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | Jacksonian | Tennessee | 1836–1838 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | New Jersey | 1838–1841 |
{{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig | Georgia | 1841–1845 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Arkansas | 1845–1847 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | South Carolina | 1847–1857 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Delaware | 1857–1861 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Illinois | 1861–1872 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Iowa | 1872 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Vermont | 1872–1879 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Ohio | 1879–1881 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Vermont | 1881–1891 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Massachusetts | 1891–1893 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Alabama | 1893–1895 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Massachusetts | 1895–1904 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Connecticut | 1904–1905 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Wyoming | 1905–1912 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Texas | 1912–1919 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Minnesota | 1919–1923 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Connecticut | 1923–1924 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Iowa | 1924–1926 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Nebraska | 1926–1933 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Arizona | 1933–1941 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Indiana | 1941–1945 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Nevada | 1945–1947 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Wisconsin | 1947–1949 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Nevada | 1949–1953 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | North Dakota | 1953–1955 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | West Virginia | 1955–1956 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Mississippi | 1956–1978 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Massachusetts | 1978–1981 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | South Carolina | 1981–1987 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Delaware | 1987–1995 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Utah | 1995–2001 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Patrick LeahyWhen the Senate convened in January 2001 17 days before President George W. Bush was inaugurated, there was a 50–50 split between Democrats and Republicans with Vice President Al Gore as a tiebreaking vote. | Democratic | Vermont | 2001 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Utah | 2001 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}}
| Patrick LeahyIn June 2001, Republican Jim Jeffords declared himself an Independent and caucused with the Democrats, giving the Democrats majority control. | Democratic | Vermont | 2001–2003 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Utah | 2003–2005 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Pennsylvania | 2005–2007 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Vermont | 2007–2015 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Iowa | 2015–2019 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | South Carolina | 2019–2021 |
{{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic | Illinois | 2021–2025 |
{{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican | Iowa | 2025–present |
Historical committee rosters
= 118th Congress=
;(January 3, 2023 – January 3, 2025)
{{Main|118th United States Congress}}
;
Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chair ! Ranking Member |
---|
Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights
| Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
The Constitution
| Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (until September 29, 2023) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism
| Cory Booker (D-NJ) | Tom Cotton (R-AR) |
Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights
| Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | John Kennedy (R-LA) |
Human Rights and the Law
| Jon Ossoff (D-GA) | Marsha Blackburn (R-TN) |
Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety
| Alex Padilla (D-CA) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
Intellectual Property
| Chris Coons (D-DE) | Thom Tillis (R-NC) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Josh Hawley (R-MO) |
= 117th Congress=
;(January 3, 2021 – January 3, 2023)
{{Main|117th United States Congress}}
class="wikitable"
! Minority |
{{party shading/Democratic}} valign="top" |
| {{party shading/Republican}} valign="top" |
|
Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chair ! Ranking Member |
---|
Competition Policy, Antitrust and Consumer Rights
| Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
The Constitution
| Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
Criminal Justice and Counterterrorism
| Cory Booker (D-NJ) | Tom Cotton (R-AR) |
Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action and Federal Rights
| Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | John Kennedy (R-LA) |
Human Rights and the Law
| Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) | Josh Hawley (R-MO) |
Immigration, Citizenship and Border Safety
| Alex Padilla (D-CA) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
Intellectual Property
| Patrick Leahy (D-VT) | Thom Tillis (R-NC) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Chris Coons (D-DE) | Ben Sasse (R-NE) |
=116th Congress=
;(January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021)
{{Main|116th United States Congress}}
class=wikitable |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
|
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chair ! Ranking member |
---|
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Border Security and Immigration
| John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
The Constitution
| Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Mazie Hirono (D-HI) |
Crime and Terrorism
| Josh Hawley (R-MO) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
Intellectual Property
| Thom Tillis (R-NC) | Chris Coons (D-DE) |
Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
| Ben Sasse (R-NE) | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) |
=115th Congress=
;(January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019)
{{Main|115th United States Congress}}
| author = John J. Merlino
| date = June 28, 2018
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fifteenth Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-115spub10/pdf/GPO-CPUB-115spub10.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 20–21
| access-date = February 12, 2021
}}
| author = John J. Merlino
| date = April 4, 2017
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fifteenth Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-115spub4/pdf/GPO-CPUB-115spub4.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 20–21
| access-date = February 12, 2021
}}
class=wikitable style=nowrap |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
|
In January 2018, the Democratic minority had their number of seats increase from 9 to 10 upon the election of Doug Jones (D-AL), changing the 52–48 Republican majority to 51–49. On January 2, 2018, Al Franken, who had been a member of the committee, resigned from the Senate following accusations of sexual misconduct.
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chair ! Ranking member |
---|
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Border Security and Immigration
| John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
Crime and Terrorism
| Lindsey Graham (R-SC) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
| Ben Sasse (R-NE) | Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) (from January 9, 2018) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Jeff Flake (R-AZ) | Chris Coons (D-DE) (from January 9, 2018) |
The Constitution
| Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Mazie Hirono (D-HI) (from January 9, 2018) |
=114th Congress=
;(January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017)
{{Main|114th United States Congress}}
| author = John J. Merlino
| date = May 13, 2015
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-114spub5/pdf/GPO-CPUB-114spub5.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Julie E. Adams, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 20–21
| access-date = February 13, 2021
}}
class=wikitable |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
|
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chairman ! Ranking member |
---|
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Mike Lee (R-UT) | Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) |
Crime and Terrorism
| Lindsey Graham (R-SC) | Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) |
Immigration and the National Interest
| Jeff Sessions (R-AL) | Chuck Schumer (D-NY) |
Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
| Ted Cruz (R-TX) | Chris Coons (D-DE) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Jeff Flake (R-AZ) | Al Franken (D-MN) |
The Constitution
| John Cornyn (R-TX) | Dick Durbin (D-IL) |
=113th Congress=
;(January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015)
{{Main|113th United States Congress}}
| author = Kathleen Alvarez Tritak
| date = April 10, 2014
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-113spub19/pdf/GPO-CPUB-113spub19.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 20–21
| access-date = February 13, 2021
}}
class=wikitable |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
|
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chairman ! Ranking member |
---|
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
Bankruptcy and the Courts
| Chris Coons (D-DE) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
Crime and Terrorism
| Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
Immigration, Refugees and Border Security
| Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
Oversight, Federal Rights and Agency Action
| Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) | Orrin Hatch (R-UT) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Al Franken (D-MN) | Jeff Flake (R-AZ) |
The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights
| Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Ted Cruz (R-TX) |
=112th Congress=
;(January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2013)
{{Main|112th United States Congress}}
| author = Kathleen Alvarez Tritak
| date = April 8, 2011
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Twelfth Congress
| url = https://www.senate.gov/general/resources/pdf/112_committee_subcommittee_assignments.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 20–21
| access-date = February 13, 2021
}}
class=wikitable |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
|
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chairman ! Ranking member |
---|
Administrative Oversight and the Courts
| Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
United States Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Herb Kohl (D-WI) | Mike Lee (R-UT) |
Crime and Terrorism
| Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Jon Kyl (R-AZ) |
Immigration, Refugees and Border Security
| Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
Privacy, Technology and the Law
| Al Franken (D-MN) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |
The Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights
| Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
=111th Congress=
;(January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011)
{{Main|111th United States Congress}}
| author = Kathleen Alvarez Tritak
| date = 2010
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Eleventh Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-111spub27/pdf/GPO-CPUB-111spub27.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 22–23
| access-date = February 13, 2021
}}
| author = Kathleen Alvarez Tritak
| date = October 1, 2010
| title = The Senate of the United States Committee and Subcommittee Assignments for the One Hundred Eleventh Congress
| url = https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CPUB-111spub24/pdf/GPO-CPUB-111spub24.pdf
| publisher = U.S. Government Publishing Office
| others = Under the Direction of Nancy Erickson, Secretary of the Senate
| location = Washington
| section = Judiciary
| pages = 22–23
| access-date = February 13, 2021
}}
class=wikitable |
Majority
! Minority |
---|
{{party shading/Democratic}} valign=top |
| {{party shading/Republican}} valign=top |
|
;Subcommittees
class="wikitable" |
Subcommittee
! Chairman ! Ranking member |
---|
Administrative Oversight and the Courts
| Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) | Jeff Sessions (R-AL) |
Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
| Herb Kohl (D-WI) | Orrin Hatch (R-UT) |
Crime and Drugs
| Arlen Specter (D-PA) | Lindsey Graham (R-SC) |
Human Rights and the Law
| Dick Durbin (D-IL) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |
Immigration, Refugees and Border Security
| Chuck Schumer (D-NY) | John Cornyn (R-TX) |
Terrorism and Homeland Security
| Ben Cardin (D-MD) | Jon Kyl (R-AZ) |
The Constitution
| Russ Feingold (D-WI) | Tom Coburn (R-OK) |
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary}}
- [https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/ United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary Official Website] ([https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwa00ssju00/ Archive])
- [https://www.congress.gov/committee/senate-judiciary/ssju00 Senate Judiciary Committee]. Legislation activity and reports, Congress.gov.
{{United States Senate Judiciary subcommittees}}
{{United States congressional committees}}
Category:Law of the United States