Unity of religion and rule
{{Short description|Japanese political concept}}
The term {{Nihongo|unity of religion and rule|祭政一致|saisei itchi}}{{Cite web |title=Glossary of Shinto Names and Terms: K |url=https://www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp/ijcc/wp/glossary/def_K.html#kyobusho |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp}} refers to the unification of ritual and politics. Ritual in ritual-politics means "ritual" and religion. The word "politics" means "ritual" and politics.『世界大百科事典』に山田武の署名記事があるほか，無記名ではあるが『マイペディア』などの百科事典，『日本国語大辞典』『広辞苑』などの国語辞典，また新聞報道などにも細部の表現は違うが使われている。
{{Original research span|text=Under the ritualistic system, the political leader is also the religious leader. This ideology and political form is common in ancient societies governed by animist religions.|date=January 2022}}{{Sfn|小学館|2021b|p=「原始宗教」}}{{Sfn|小学館|2021c|p=「原始宗教」}} In Japan, the Oracle of miko can be traced back to the ancient theocracy, including the Yamato Kingship, where the Oracle of Wu had political authority, as well as the Ryukyu Kingdom, a system of government that was based on the Ryukyu Kingdom.{{Sfn|山上|1989|pp=84-100}}
Shinto is an animistic religion, and one of its characteristics is the unity of ritual and government.{{Citation |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=World Faiths |date=January 1, 1994 |pages=217–218 |publisher=Bedford/st Martins; 2nd edition |isbn=978-0312084141}} Although not necessarily restricted to Shinto in Japanese, rites and ceremonies are used in English as Saisei itchi as a term for Shinto.{{Cite web |title=saisei-itchi {{!}} Japanese religion |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/saisei-itchi |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=britannica.com |language=en}}Public Shrine Forests? Shinto, Immanence, and Discursive Secularization, Aike P. Rots, Japan Review 30 Special Issue (2017): p.187Saisei itchiは"the unity of religion and government"か"the unity of ritual and government"と直訳され神道固有の概念として解説されている Keiichi Yanagawa defined ritual government as different from theocracy, in which a professional clergyman directly governs.Between Unity and Separation: Religion and Politics in Japan, 1965-1977 Yanagawa Keiichi and David Reid, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 6/4 December 1979. p.502 Ritual and political unity has been referred to primarily in the context of the ancient emperor system.{{Sfn|平凡社|2021d|p=「祭政一致」}}
Ritual and Political Unity in Japan
On March 13, 1868, the Meiji Restoration announced the Restoration of the Monarchy and the reestablishment of the Department of Divinities in a "Dajokanbudan".「此度王政復古，神武創業ノ始ニ被為基，諸事御一新，祭政一致之御制度ニ御復被遊候ニ付テハ，先第一神祇官御再興御造立ノ上......（後略）」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』425ページ[https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/787948/80 明治元年太政官布告第153] 『法令全書. 慶応3年』 p.63、内閣官報局（国立国会図書館）
Also used on January 3, 1870, in the "Declaration of the Great Teachings" (Dai-kyo Sengen).「朕恭惟 天神 天祖，立極垂統；列皇相承，継之述之。祭政一致，億兆同心。治教明于上，風俗美于下。而中世以降，時有汚隆，道有顕晦，治教之不洽也久矣。今也，天運循環，百度維新，宜明治教，以宣揚惟神大道也。因新命宣教使，以布教天下。汝群臣衆庶，其体斯旨。」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』431ページ『[https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1110074/38 歴代の詔勅]』 p.66
河野省三 内閣印刷局、1940年（国立国会図書館）
Later in the Meiji era, the theory came to be replaced with Secular Shrine Theory,{{Cite web |title=神社非宗教論とは - Weblio辞書 |url=https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%AB%96 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.weblio.jp |language=ja}} the idea that Shinto Shrines were secular in their nature rather than religious.{{Sfn|新田|1995|p=199-220}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
- 世界大百科事典&マイペディア 第2版[CD-ROM]，ISBN 978-4816981838
- 広辞苑 第六版 DVD-ROM版，ISBN 978-4001301618
- 安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』岩波書店，1988，ISBN 978-4002300054
{{refbegin}}
- {{Cite book |author=小学館 |title=日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) |publisher=小学館、コトバンク |year=2021b |chapter=原始宗教 |lang=ja}} {{kotobank|name=原始宗教|display=日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)}}
- {{Cite book |author=小学館 |title=デジタル大辞泉 |publisher=小学館、コトバンク |year=2021c |chapter=原始宗教 |lang=ja}} {{kotobank|name=原始宗教|display=デジタル大辞泉}}
- {{cite book |author=山上伊豆母 |title=古代神道の本質 |publisher=法政大学出版局 |year=1989 |isbn=4588306014 |pages=84–100 |ref={{sfnref|山上|1989}}|lang=ja}}
- {{Cite book |author=ブリタニカ・ジャパン |title=ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 |publisher=ブリタニカ・ジャパン、コトバンク |year=2021f |chapter=祭政一致 |lang=ja}} {{kotobank|name=祭政一致|display=ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典}}
- {{Cite book |author=平凡社 |title=百科事典マイペディア |publisher=平凡社、コトバンク |year=2021c |chapter=祭政一致 |lang=ja}} {{kotobank|name=祭政一致|display=百科事典マイペディア}}
- {{Cite book |author=平凡社 |title=世界大百科事典 第2版 |publisher=平凡社、コトバンク |year=2021d |chapter=祭政一致 |lang=ja}} {{kotobank|name=祭政一致|display=世界大百科事典 第2版}}
{{refend}}{{State Shinto}}
Category:Religion and politics
Category:Pages with unreviewed translations