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Universal Flash Storage

{{short description|Flash storage specification}}

{{Distinguish|text = the Unix File System, a file system implementation in some Unix and BSD operating systems with the same abbreviation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}

Universal Flash Storage (UFS) is a flash storage specification for digital cameras, mobile phones and consumer electronic devices.{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,137200-c,unresolvedtechstandards/article.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209210001/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,137200-c,unresolvedtechstandards/article.html |archive-date=9 February 2008 |work=PC World |title=Nokia, Others Back Mobile Memory Standard}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-announces-publication-universal-flash-storage-ufs-standard|title=JEDEC Announces Publication of Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Standard | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}} It was designed to bring higher data transfer speed and increased reliability to flash memory storage, while reducing market confusion and removing the need for different adapters for different types of cards.{{cite news|last=Malykhina|first=Elena|title=Mobile Tech Companies Work On Flash Memory Standard|url=http://www.informationweek.com/mobile-tech-companies-work-on-flash-memo/201806565 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912190317/http://www.informationweek.com/mobile-tech-companies-work-on-flash-memo/201806565 |archive-date=12 September 2012|access-date=19 September 2012|newspaper=Information Week|date=14 September 2007}} The standard encompasses both packages permanently embedded (via ball grid array package) within a device ({{Not a typo|eUFS}}), and removable UFS memory cards.

Overview

UFS uses NAND flash. It may use multiple stacked 3D TLC NAND flash dies (integrated circuits) with an integrated controller.{{cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13891/toshiba-samples-ufs-3-storage |title=Toshiba Begins to Sample UFS 3.0 Drives: 96L 3D TLC NAND, Up to 2.9 GB/s |website=Anandtech |date=2019-01-23 |access-date=2020-08-18}}

The proposed flash memory specification is supported by consumer electronics companies such as Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, Samsung, Micron, and SK Hynix.{{cite news|last=Modine|first=Austin|title=Flash memory makers propose common card|url=http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2007/09/14/flash_memory_makers_propose_ufs/|access-date=19 September 2012|newspaper=The Channel|date=14 September 2007}} UFS is positioned as a replacement for {{Not a typo|eMMCs}} and SD cards. The electrical interface for UFS uses the M-PHY,{{Cite web |url=http://www.mipi.org/about-mipi/industry-associations/jedec-solid-state-technology-association/ |title=JEDEC Solid State Technology Association | MIPI Alliance |access-date=15 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928215748/http://www.mipi.org/about-mipi/industry-associations/jedec-solid-state-technology-association |archive-date=28 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} developed by the MIPI Alliance, a high-speed serial interface targeting 2.9 Gbit/s per lane with up-scalability to 5.8 Gbit/s per lane.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mipi.org/|title=MIPI|website=MIPI}}{{Cite web |url=http://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/application/ufs.html |title=Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Eco-System | TOSHIBA Semiconductor & Storage Products Company | Europe(EMEA) |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124341/http://toshiba.semicon-storage.com/eu/application/ufs.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=dead }} UFS implements a full-duplex serial LVDS interface that scales better to higher bandwidths than the 8-lane parallel and half-duplex interface of {{Not a typo|eMMCs}}. Unlike eMMC, Universal Flash Storage is based on the SCSI architectural model and supports SCSI Tagged Command Queuing.{{cite web|url=http://www.design-reuse.com/articles/30845/universal-flash-storage-mobilize-your-data.html |title=Universal Flash Storage: Mobilize Your Data |website=Design Reuse |access-date=2020-08-18}} The standard is developed by, and available from, the JEDEC Solid State Technology Association.

= Software support =

The Linux kernel supports UFS.{{cite web |title=Universal Flash Storage |url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scsi/ufs.txt |website=The Linux Kernel Archives |access-date=2022-11-13}} OpenBSD 7.3 and later support UFS.{{Cite web |title=ufshci(4) - OpenBSD manual pages |url=https://man.openbsd.org/ufshci.4 |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=man.openbsd.org}} Windows 10 and later support UFS.{{Cite web |last=lorihollasch |date=2023-11-15 |title=Features Supported by StorUFS - Windows drivers |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/storage/storufs-feature-support |access-date=2024-09-07 |website=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}

History

In 2010, the Universal Flash Storage Association (UFSA) was founded as an open trade association to promote the UFS standard.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In September 2013, JEDEC published JESD220B UFS 2.0 (update to UFS v1.1 standard published in June 2012). JESD220B Universal Flash Storage v2.0 offers increased link bandwidth for performance improvement, a security features extension and additional power saving features over the UFS v1.1.

On 30 January 2018 JEDEC published version 3.0 of the UFS standard, with a higher 11.6 Gbit/s data rate per lane (1450 MB/s) with the use of MIPI M-PHY v4.1 and UniProSM v1.8. {{anchor|uMCP}}At the MWC 2018, Samsung unveiled embedded UFS ({{Not a typo|eUFS}}) v3.0 and uMCP (UFS-based multi-chip package) solutions.{{cite web|title=Evolving Mobile Solutions: Samsung at MWC 2018 {{!}} Samsung Semiconductor Global Website|url=http://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/insights/news-events/evolving-mobile-solutions-samsung-at-mwc-2018/|website=www.samsung.com|language=en}}{{cite web|title=eUFS {{!}} Samsung Semiconductor Global Website|url=http://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/estorage/eufs/|website=www.samsung.com|language=en}}{{cite web|title=Samsung Starts Producing First 512-Gigabyte Universal Flash Storage for Next-Generation Mobile Devices {{!}} Samsung Semiconductor Global Website|url=http://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/insights/news-events/samsung-starts-producing-first-512-gigabyte-universal-flash-storage-for-next-generation-mobile-devices/|website=www.samsung.com|language=en}}

On 30 January 2020 JEDEC published version 3.1 of the UFS standard.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-publishes-update-universal-flash-storage-ufs-standard|title=JEDEC Publishes Update to Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Standard {{!}} JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31}} UFS 3.1 introduces Write Booster, Deep Sleep, Performance Throttling Notification and Host Performance Booster for faster, more power efficient and cheaper UFS solutions. The Host Performance Booster feature is optional.{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15456/faster-cheaper-power-efficient-ufs-storage-ufs-31-spec-published|title=Faster, Cheaper, Power Efficient UFS Storage: UFS 3.1 Spec Published|last=Shilov|first=Anton|website=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2020-02-01}} Before the UFS 3.1 standard, the SLC cache feature is optional on UFS device, which is a de facto feature on personal SSDs.

In 2022 Samsung announced version 4.0 doubling from 11.6 Gbit/s to 23.2 Gbit/s with the use of MIPI M-PHY v5.0 and UniPro v2.0. UFS 4.0 introduces File Based Optimization. {{Cite web |last=Herreria |first=Anne |date=2022-09-07 |title=FBO Delivers Sustained Mobile Phone Performance |url=https://blog.westerndigital.com/fbo-file-based-optimization-sustained-mobile-phone-performance/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Western Digital Corporate Blog |language=en-US}}

As of Q2 2024, Zoned UFS (ZUFS) is in development by SK hynix.{{Cite web |last=Чорновий |first=Михайло |date=2024-08-14 |title=SK Hynix released a new UFS 4.1 and ZUFS 4.0 memory. It is optimized for AI and will be in the Galaxy S25 |url=https://hi-tech.ua/en/sk-hynix-released-a-new-ufs-4-1-and-zufs-4-0-memory-it-is-optimized-for-ai-and-will-be-in-the-galaxy-s25/ |access-date=2024-08-17 |website=hi-Tech.ua |language=en}}

Notable devices

In February 2013, semiconductor company Toshiba Memory (now Kioxia) started shipping samples of a 64 GB NAND flash chip, the first chip to support the then new UFS standard.{{cite web |url=https://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/453256/toshiba_ships_first_nand_flash_chips_faster_transfer_standard/ |title=Toshiba ships first NAND flash chips with faster transfer standard |website=PC World |date=2013-02-08 |access-date=2020-08-18 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

In April 2015, Samsung's Galaxy S6 family was the first phone to ship with {{Not a typo|eUFS}} storage using the UFS 2.0 standard.{{cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/9146/the-samsung-galaxy-s6-and-s6-edge-review/7 |title=The Samsung Galaxy S6 and S6 edge Review |website=Anandtech |date=2015-04-17 |access-date=2020-08-18}}

On 17 November 2016, Qualcomm announced the Snapdragon 835 SoC with support for UFS 2.1.{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/qualcomm-snapdragon-865-to-sport-lpddr5x-ram-ufs-3-0-will-come-in-2-variants-report-6835011.html |title=Qualcomm Snapdragon 865 to sport LPDDR5X RAM, UFS 3.0, will come in 2 variants: Report |website=First Post |date=2019-06-18 |access-date=2020-08-18}}

On 14 May 2019, OnePlus introduced the OnePlus 7 and OnePlus 7 Pro, the first phones to feature built-in {{Not a typo|eUFS}} 3.0 (The Galaxy Fold, originally planned to be the first smartphone to feature UFS 3.0 was ultimately delayed after the OnePlus 7's launch).{{cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/oneplus-7-pro-confirmed-feature-ufs-30-flash-storage |title=OnePlus 7 Pro confirmed to feature UFS 3.0 flash storage |website=Android Central |date=2019-05-06 |access-date=2020-08-18}}

On 08 December 2022, IQOO announced the IQOO 11 which was the first phone to release with UFS 4.0.{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=UFS 4.0 Specifications, Speed Test, UFS 4.0 vs UFS 3.1 |url=https://www.androidstory.net/samsung-ufs-4-0-is-better-than-ufs-3-1/ |access-date=2024-02-28 |language=en-US}} After that, other Android OEMs started using this storage solution on their flagship to upper mid-range category smartphones.{{r|androidstory.net}}

= UFS cards =

On 7 July 2016, Samsung announced its first UFS cards, in 32, 64, 128, and 256 GB storage capacities.{{Cite web |last=Shilov |first=Anton |title=Samsung Rolls Out Its First UFS Cards: SSD Performance in Card Form-Factor |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10475/samsung-rolls-out-its-first-ufs-cards-ssd-performance-in-card-formfactor |access-date=2016-07-07}} The cards were based on the UFS 1.0 Card Extension Standard. The 256 GB version was reported to offer sequential read performance up to 530 MB/s and sequential write performance up to 170 MB/s and random performance of 40,000 read IOPS and 35,000 write IOPS. However, they were apparently not actually released to the public.

The first UFS cards began to be publicly sold in early 2020. According to a Universal Flash Storage Association press release, Samsung planned to transition its products to UFS cards during 2020.{{cite web |author1=Universal Flash Storage Association |date=2020-01-03 |title=UFSA Widens UFS Ecosystem, Adding Vendors of Removable Mobile Cards and Related Technology |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200103005373/en/UFSA-Widens-UFS-Ecosystem-Adding-Vendors-of-Removable-Mobile-Cards-and-Related-Technology |access-date=22 November 2020 |website=Business Wire |language=en |quote=“UFS Cards will play a critical role[...]” said Hangu Sohn, vice president of NAND Memory Planning at Samsung Electronics. “Moreover, with a royalty-free form factor and open standard design, we expect to see a rapid transition to these cards in 2020.” |location=Austin, Texas}} Samsung states that its UFS card is only supported by models of its Samsung Notebook.{{Cite web |title=UFS Memory Card 256GB Memory & Storage - MB-FA256G/AM {{!}} Samsung US |url=https://www.samsung.com/us/computing/memory-storage/memory-cards/mb-fa256g-am-mb-fa256g-am/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=Samsung Electronics America |language=en-US}} The 2021 LG Gram notebook also supports UFS cards.{{Cite web |last=Khullar |first=Kunal |date=2021-01-07 |title=LG announces new LG Gram 2021 notebooks at CES with 16:10 displays, 11th-gen Intel processors |url=https://www.xda-developers.com/lg-announces-new-gram-2021-notebooks-ces-11th-gen-intel-processors/ |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=XDA |language=en}}

Version comparison

= UFS =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" | Version

! scope="col" | Introduced

! scope="col" | Bandwidth per lane

! scope="col" | Maximum lanes

! scope="col" | Maximum bandwidth

! scope="col" | M-PHY version

! scope="col" | UniPro version

scope="row" | 1.0{{Cite web |title=JEDEC Announces Publication of Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Standard {{!}} JEDEC |url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-announces-publication-universal-flash-storage-ufs-standard |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.jedec.org}}

| 2011-02-24

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|300 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" | 1

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|300 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" | 1.0

| rowspan="2" | 1.4

scope="row" | 1.1{{Cite web |title=JEDEC Updates Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Standard {{!}} JEDEC |url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-updates-universal-flash-storage-ufs-standard |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.jedec.org}}

| 2012-06-25

scope="row" | 2.0{{Cite web |title=JEDEC Publishes Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Standard v2.0 {{!}} JEDEC |url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-publishes-universal-flash-storage-ufs-standard-v20 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.jedec.org}}

| 2013-09-18

| rowspan="3" | {{Nowrap|600 MB/s}}

| rowspan="7" | 2

| rowspan="3" | {{Nowrap|1200 MB/s}}

| rowspan="3" | 3.0

| rowspan="3" | 1.6

scope="row" | 2.1{{Cite web |title=JEDEC Updates Universal Flash Storage (UFS) and Related Standards {{!}} JEDEC |url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-updates-universal-flash-storage-ufs-and-related-standards |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.jedec.org}}

| 2016-04-04

scope="row" | 2.2{{Cite web |title=UNIVERSAL FLASH STORAGE, UFS 2.2 {{!}} JEDEC |url=https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/docs/jesd220c-22 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.jedec.org}}

|2020-08

scope="row" | 3.0{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-publishes-universal-flash-storage-ufs-ufshci-version-30-and-ufs-card|title=JEDEC Publishes Universal Flash Storage (UFS & UFSHCI) Version 3.0 and UFS Card Extension Version 1.1|website=www.jedec.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-31}}

|2018-01-30

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|1450 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|2900 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" |4.1

| rowspan="2" |1.8

scope="row" | 3.1

|2020-01-30

scope="row" | 4.0{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-updates-universal-flash-storage-ufs-and-supporting-memory-interface|title=JEDEC Updates Universal Flash Storage (UFS) and Supporting Memory Interface Standard|website=www.jedec.org|language=en|access-date=2022-09-18}}

|2022-08-17

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|2900 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" | {{Nowrap|5800 MB/s}}

| rowspan="2" | 5.0

| rowspan="2" | 2.0

scope="row" | 4.1{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec%C2%AE-announces-updates-universal-flash-storage-ufs-and-memory-interface|title=JEDEC® Announces Updates to Universal Flash Storage (UFS) and Memory Interface Standards|website=www.jedec.org|language=en|access-date=2025-02-08}}

|2025-01-08

= UFS Card =

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! scope="col" | Version

! scope="col" | Introduced

! scope="col" | Bandwidth per lane

! scope="col" | Maximum lanes

! scope="col" | Maximum bandwidth

! scope="col" | M-PHY version

! scope="col" | UniPro version

scope="row" | 1.0{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-publishes-universal-flash-storage-ufs-removable-card-standard|title=JEDEC Publishes Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Removable Card Standard {{!}} JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org|language=en|access-date=2017-10-30}}

|2016-03-30

|rowspan="2" |600 MB/s

|rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |1

|rowspan="2" |600 MB/s

|rowspan="2" |3.0

|rowspan="2" |1.6

scope="row" | 1.1

|2018-01-30

scope="row" | 3.0{{Cite web |url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-advances-universal-flash-storage-ufs-removable-card-standard-30 |title=JEDEC Advances Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Removable Card Standard 3.0| website=www.jedec.org |language=en |access-date=2021-07-31}}

|2020-12-08

|1200 MB/s

|1200 MB/s

|4.1

|1.8

Implementation

  • UFS 2.0 has been implemented in Snapdragon 820 and 821. Kirin 950 and 955. Exynos 7420. NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier SOMs
  • UFS 2.1 has been implemented in Snapdragon 712 (710&720G), 730G, 732G, 835, 845 and 855. Kirin 960, 970 and 980. Exynos 9609,{{Cite web|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-9609/|title=Exynos 9609 Mobile Processor: Specs, Features {{!}} Samsung Exynos|website=Samsung Semiconductor|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}} 9610,{{Cite web|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-7-series-9610/|title=Exynos 9610 Processor: Specs, Features {{!}} Samsung Exynos|website=Samsung Semiconductor|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}} 9611,{{Cite web|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-9611/|title=Exynos 9611 Mobile Processor: Specs, Features {{!}} Samsung Exynos|website=Samsung Semiconductor|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}} 9810 and 980.{{Cite web|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-980/|title=Exynos 980 5G Mobile Processor: Specs, Features {{!}} Samsung Exynos|website=Samsung Semiconductor|language=en|access-date=2020-01-26}}
  • UFS 3.0 has been implemented in Snapdragon 855, 855+, 860, 865, Exynos 9820–9825,{{Cite web|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-9-series-9820/|title=Exynos 9 Series 9820 Processor: Specs, Features {{!}} Samsung Exynos|website=Samsung Semiconductor|language=en|access-date=2018-11-14}} and Kirin 990.{{Cite web|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/14851/huawei-announces-kirin-990-and-kirin-990-5g-dual-soc-approach-integrated-5g-modem|title=Huawei Announces Kirin 990 and Kirin 990 5G: Dual SoC Approach, Integrated 5G Modem|last=Cutress|first=Ian|date=September 6, 2019|website=AnandTech|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906140013/https://www.anandtech.com/show/14851/huawei-announces-kirin-990-and-kirin-990-5g-dual-soc-approach-integrated-5g-modem|archive-date=September 6, 2019}}
  • UFS 3.1 has been implemented in Snapdragon 855+/860, Snapdragon 865, Snapdragon 870, Snapdragon 888, Exynos 2100, and Exynos 2200.{{Cite web|title=Qualcomm Snapdragon 888: specs and benchmarks|url=https://nanoreview.net/en/soc/qualcomm-snapdragon-875|access-date=2021-02-22|website=NanoReview.net|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Exynos 2100 5G Mobile Processor: Specs, Features|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-2100/|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Samsung.com|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=Exynos 2200 {{!}} Processor {{!}} Samsung Semiconductor|url=https://www.samsung.com/semiconductor/minisite/exynos/products/mobileprocessor/exynos-2200/|website=www.samsung.com}}
  • UFS 4.0 has been implemented in MediaTek Dimensity 9200, MediaTek Dimensity 8300 and Snapdragon 8 Gen 2.{{cite web |title=Snapdragon-8-Gen-2-Product-Brief.pdf |url=https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/Snapdragon-8-Gen-2-Product-Brief.pdf |publisher=Qualcomm |access-date=19 November 2022}}

Complementary UFS standards

On 30 March 2016, JEDEC published version 1.0 of the UFS Card Extension Standard (JESD220-2), which offered many of the features and much of the same functionality as the existing UFS 2.0 embedded device standard, but with additions and modifications for removable cards.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/news/pressreleases/jedec-publishes-universal-flash-storage-ufs-removable-card-standard|title=JEDEC Publishes Universal Flash Storage (UFS) Removable Card Standard {{!}} JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org|access-date=2016-07-07}}

Also in March 2016, JEDEC published version 1.1 of the UFS Unified Memory Extension (JESD220-1A),{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/document_search?search_api_views_fulltext=jesd220-1a|title=Standards & Documents Search | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}} version 2.1 of the UFS Host Controller Interface (UFSHCI) standard (JESD223C),{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/document_search?search_api_views_fulltext=jesd223c|title=Standards & Documents Search | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}} and version 1.1A of the UFSHCI Unified Memory Extension standard (JESD223-1A).{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/document_search?search_api_views_fulltext=jesd223-1a|title=Standards & Documents Search | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}}

On January 30, 2018, the UFS Card Extension standard was updated to version 1.1 (JESD220-2A),{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/docs/jesd220-2|title=UNIVERSAL FLASH STORAGE (UFS) CARD EXTENSION, Version 3.0 | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}} and the UFSHCI standard was updated to version 3.0 (JESD223D), to align with UFS version 3.0.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/flash/universal-flash-storage-ufs|title=UFS (Universal Flash Storage) | JEDEC|website=www.jedec.org}}

Rewrite cycle life

A UFS drive's rewrite life cycle affects its lifespan. There is a limit to how many write/erase cycles a flash block can accept before it produces errors or fails altogether. Each write/erase cycle causes a flash memory cell's oxide layer to deteriorate. The reliability of a drive is based on three factors: the age of the drive, total terabytes written over time and drive writes per day.{{cite web|url=https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/storage-hardware/ssd-lifespan.html |title=SSD Lifespan: How Long Will Your SSD Work? |website=Enterprise Storage Forum |date=2019-03-01 |access-date=2020-08-18}} This is typical of flash memory in general.

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

  • [http://www.jedec.org JEDEC]
  • [http://universalflash.org/ Universal Flash Storage Association]
  • [https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/focus/flash/universal-flash-storage-ufs Current standards] of UFS and UFS Card
  • [http://www.flashmemorysummit.com/English/Collaterals/Proceedings/2013/20130814_T1_Jacobson.pdf Presentation] by Scott Jacobson and Harish Verma at Flash Memory Summit 2013
  • [https://www.techunmask.com/what-is-ufs-2-1-storage-phones/ What is UFS 2.1 smartphone?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727030611/http://www.techunmask.com/what-is-ufs-2-1-storage-phones/ |date=27 July 2024 }}

{{Memory Cards}}

Category:Solid-state computer storage

Category:Computer-related introductions in 2016