University of Chicago Graduate Library School
{{Short description|Former postgraduate program in US (1926–1989)}}
The University of Chicago Graduate Library School (GLS) was established in 1928 to develop a program for the graduate education of librarians with a focus on research.Association of American Library Schools. New Frontiers in Librarianship; Proceedings of the Special Meeting of the Association of American Library Schools and the Board of Education for Librarianship of the American Library Association in Honor of the University of Chicago and the Graduate Library School, December 30, 1940. [Chicago]: The Graduate library school, the University of Chicago, 1941. Housed for a time in the Joseph Regenstein Library, the GLS closed in 1989 when the University decided to promote information studies instead of professional education.{{cite journal |title=Chicago GLS to close |journal=Library Journal |volume=114 |date=February 15, 1989 |page=111}}{{cite journal |last=Stieg |first=Margaret F. |title=The Closing of Library Schools: Darwinism at the University |journal=The Library Quarterly |volume=61 |issue=3 |year=1991 |pages=266–272|doi=10.1086/602365 |s2cid=144038790 }} GLS faculty were among the most prominent researchers in librarianship in the twentieth century. Alumni of the school have made a great impact on the profession including Hugh Atkinson, Susan Grey Akers, Bernard Berelson, Michèle Cloonan, El Sayed Mahmoud El Sheniti, Eliza Atkins Gleason, Frances E. Henne, Virginia Lacy Jones, Bill Katz{{cite web |url=https://www.libraryjournal.com/story/bill-katz-dies-author-reference-expert-teacher |title=Bill Katz Dies; Author, Reference Expert, Teacher |website=Library Journal |date=October 22, 2004}} Judith Krug, Lowell Martin,{{cite journal |last=Varlejs |first=Jana |year=2023 |title=Lowell Martin: The Shaping of a Public Library Leader |journal=Libraries: Culture, History and Society |volume=7 |number=1 |pages=46–65|doi=10.5325/libraries.7.1.0046 |s2cid=257263606 }} Miriam Matthews, Kathleen de la Peña McCook, Errett Weir McDiarmid, Elizabeth Homer Morton, Benjamin E. Powell, W. Boyd Rayward, Charlemae Hill Rollins, Katherine Schipper, Ralph R. Shaw, Spencer Shaw, Frances Lander Spain, Peggy Sullivan, Maurice Tauber and Tsuen-hsuin Tsien.
In February 2016, Carla Hayden (PhD, 1987) was nominated by President Obama to serve as Librarian of Congress. She was confirmed in July 2016.{{cite news |last=McGlone |first=Peggy |title=Carla Hayden confirmed as 14th librarian of Congress |newspaper=Washington Post |date=July 13, 2016}} File:Librarian of Congress Carla Hayden, 2020 Official Portrait (50298151842).jpg
History
Early in the 20th century, the Carnegie Corporation of New York began offering grants to change the direction of library education and scholarship. The result was the 1926 endowment of a research-oriented program at the University of Chicago offering only the Ph.D. degree,{{cite journal |last=Buckland |first=Michael |title=Documentation, Information Science and Library Science in the USA |journal=Information Processing and Management |volume=32 |number=1 |year=1996 |pages=63–76|doi=10.1016/0306-4573(95)00050-Q |s2cid=35641793 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dv7h3jh }} With an emphasis on investigation fostered among students, studies conducted and conferences held at GLS provided a center for intellectual inquiry in the development of 20th century librarianship. The Library Quarterly, a scholarly journal focused on research, was launched in 1931 to provide an outlet for the publication of rigorous research.
On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Graduate Library School in 1951 Louis Round Wilson assessed its impact noting that it broadened the concept of librarianship, developed it as a field for scientific study, introduced critical objectivity, contributed to the philosophy of librarianship by scholarly publishing and furnished leaders to the field.{{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Louis R. |chapter=Impact of the Graduate Library School on American Librarianship |title=Education and Libraries: Selected Papers by Louis R. Wilson |editor-first1=Maurice F. |editor-last1=Tauber |editor-first2=Jerald |editor-last2=Orne |location=Hamden, CT |publisher=Shoe String Press |year=1966 |pages=268–277}} Writing of the impact of the Graduate Library School in 2020, Nathan Johnson has observed that its faculty were more closely aligned with the social sciences and they "turned a research gaze on the spaces codified and distributed during the earlier eras of American librarianship."{{cite book |first=Nathan R. |last=Johnson |year=2020 |title=Architects of Memory: Information and Rhetoric in a Networked Archival Age |publisher=The University of Alabama Press |pages=52–53}}
Structure and focus
The Graduate Library School (GLS) at the University of Chicago changed the structure and focus of education for librarianship in the twentieth century. Funded by the Carnegie Corporation {{Cite journal | first= F. P. |last=Keppel | title = The Carnegie Corporation and the Graduate Library School: A Historical Outline | journal = The Library Quarterly | year = 1931 | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 22–25 | jstor = 40039626 | doi=10.1086/612840| s2cid = 145174607 }} the GLS set forth policies to establish an institution to educate students imbued with the spirit of investigation. Prior to establishment of the GLS education for librarians had been an apprenticeship model.{{cite book |last=Shera |first=Jesse Hauk |year=1972 |title=The foundations of education for librarianship |location=New York |publisher=Becker and Hayes}} Douglas Waples wrote of the policies that would differentiate "The Graduate Library School at Chicago" from schools in the apprenticeship mode.
File:Joseph Regenstein Library in 2019.jpg
John V. Richardson Jr..{{cite book |last=Richardson |first=J. V. |year=1982 |title=The Spirit of Inquiry: The Graduate Library School at Chicago, 1921-51 |location=Chicago |publisher=American Library Association}} has written of the establishment and the first 30 years of the GLS in The Spirit of Inquiry: The Graduate Library School at Chicago, 1921–51. File:Louis Round Wilson.jpg
Joyce M. Latham has written of the role of GLS faculty in the development of the Chicago Public Library (CPL) noting "In their final report on the status of CPL, A Metropolitan Library in Action, Carleton B. Joeckel and Leon Carnovsky devoted significant attention to the role
of the public library in adult education."{{cite journal |last=Latham |first=J. M. |year=2011 |title=Memorial Day to Memorial Library: The South Chicago Branch Library as cultural terrain, 1937–1947 |journal=Libraries & the Cultural Record |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=321–342|doi=10.1353/lac.2011.0017 |s2cid=161896003 }}
A list of the Dissertations, Theses, and Papers demonstrates the range of early inquiry.{{cite book |title=Dissertation, Theses, and Papers of the Graduate Library School, University of Chicago, 1930-1945: A Bibliography |year=1946}}
The faculty of the GLS had a profound effect on the development of public library structure and governance following World War II.{{cite book |editor-last=Joeckel |editor-first=C.B. |year=1946 |title=Library Extension, Problems and Solutions |location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press}} Joeckel developed the National Plan for Public Library Service in 1948.{{cite book |last1=Joeckel |first1=C. B. |last2=Winslow |first2=A. |year=1948 |title=A National Plan for Public Library Service |location=Chicago |publisher=American Library Association}}{{cite journal |last=Richards |first=John S. |title=The National Plan for Public Library Service |journal=ALA Bulletin |volume=41 |number=8 |year=1947 |pages=283–293}} GLS faculty were also innovators in the use of computers for library functions. In 1982 Don Swanson described the Microsystem for Interactive Bibliographic Searching (MIRABILIS) for the general library community in Library Journal {{cite journal |last=Swanson |first=Don R. |year=1982 |title=Miracles, Microcomputers, and Librarians |journal=Library Journal |volume=107 |number=11 |pages=1055–1059}}
Faculty
Faculty who taught at the GLS included many scholars who conducted foundational research in librarianship including Lester Asheim, Abraham Bookstein,{{cite journal |title=Congestion at Card and Book Catalogs: A Queuing-Theory Approach |journal=The Library Quarterly |volume=42 |number=3 |date=July 1972 |pages=316–328|doi=10.1086/620046 |s2cid=55291249 }} Lee Pierce Butler, Leon Carnovsky, Margaret Elizabeth Egan, Sara I. Fenwick, Herman H. Fussler, J. C. M. Hanson, Frances E. Henne, Carleton B. Joeckel, W. Boyd Rayward, Jesse Shera, Don R. Swanson, Peggy Sullivan, Zena Sutherland,{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/15/arts/zena-sutherland-86-expert-on-literature-for-children.html|title=Zena Sutherland, 86, Expert On Literature for Children|newspaper=New York Times|date=15 June 2002|access-date=12 June 2017}} Tsuen-hsuin Tsien,{{cite book |last=Tsien |first=Tsuen-hsuin |title=Written on Bamboo and Silk; The Beginnings of Chinese Books and Inscriptions |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1962}} Robert W. Wadsworth, Douglas Waples, Louis Round Wilson,{{cite journal |first=Jesse H. |last=Shera |title='The Spirit Giveth Life': Louis Round Wilson and Chicago's Graduate Library School |journal=The Journal of Library History |volume=14 |number=1 |date=Winter 1979 |pages=77–83}} Howard W. Winger, and Victor Yngve. Louis Round Wilson's tenure as professor and dean from 1932-1942 has been viewed as the golden age of education for librarianship.
=''The Library Quarterly''=
The faculty of the Graduate Library School established the journal, The Library Quarterly in 1931. The work of the GLS faculty to establish a scholarly journal focused on research has been carefully detailed by Steve Norman.{{cite journal | author = Steve Norman | year = 1988 | title = The Library Quarterly in the 1930s: a journal of discussion's early years | journal = The Library Quarterly | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–351 | jstor = 4308292 | doi=10.1086/602047| s2cid = 147248390 }}
=''The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books''=
The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books was established in 1945 at the Graduate Library School by Frances E. Henne{{cite book |last=Wedgeworth |first=Robert |title=World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services |location=Chicago |publisher=American Library Association |year=1993 |page=346}}
References
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External links
- [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.GRADLIBRARY Guide to the University of Chicago Graduate Library School Records 1928–1979] at the [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center]
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Category:Library science education
Category:Schools of informatics
Category:Defunct private universities and colleges in Illinois
Category:Library and information science