UnixWare

After the SVR4 effort to merge SunOS and System V, AT&T's Unix System Laboratories (USL) formed the Univel partnership with Novell to develop a desktop version of Unix for i386 and i486 machines, codenamed "Destiny".{{Cite journal |journal=Computer Business Review |url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/unix_labs_and_novell_plan_joint_venture_reveal_bones_of_mass_distribution_alliance |title=Unix Labs and Novell plan join venture, reveal bones of mass distribution alliance |date=25 October 1991 |access-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506095315/http://www.cbronline.com/news/unix_labs_and_novell_plan_joint_venture_reveal_bones_of_mass_distribution_alliance |archive-date=6 May 2016}}

Destiny is based on the Unix System V release 4.2 kernel. The MoOLIT toolkit is used for the windowing system, allowing the user to choose between an OPEN LOOK or MOTIF-like look and feel at runtime. In order to make the system more robust on commodity desktop hardware, the Veritas VXFS journaling file system is used in place of the UFS file system used in SVR4. Networking support in UnixWare includes both TCP/IP and interoperability with Novell's NetWare protocols (IPX/SPX); the former were the standard among Unix users at the time of development, while PC networking was much more commonly based on NetWare.{{cite news |newspaper=InfoWorld |date=28 June 1993 |first=Alan |last=Radding |title=UnixWare: Bringing shrink-wrapped Unix to the masses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66 |pages=65–66}}

Destiny was released in 1992 as UnixWare 1.0, with the intention of unifying the fragmented PC Unix market behind this single variant of the operating system. The system was earlier to reach the corporate computing market than Microsoft's Windows NT, but observers of the period remarked that UnixWare was "just another flavor of Unix", Novell's involvement being more a marketing ploy than a significant influx of technology.{{r|infoworld}} There two editions of Destiny: a Personal Edition, which includes Novell IPX networking but not TCP/IP, and an Advanced Server Edition with TCP/IP and other server software. The personal edition is limited to two active users, while the server edition includes an unlimited user license. Around 35,000 copies of UnixWare 1.0 were sold.{{Cite news |url=http://blakeley.com/rooms/my-articles/Unixware.PCW210394.html |title=UnixWare grows up; Novell's revamped SVR4.2 environment proves very workable |first=Michael |last=Blakeley |date=21 March 1994 |newspaper=PC Week}}

In 1992, UnixWare 1.0 Personal Edition came with DOS Merge 3.0 and Novell's DR DOS 6.0.

In 1993, Novell purchased USL from AT&T and merged USL and Univel into a new Unix Systems Group.{{Cite journal |url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/novell_formally_announces_the_unix_systems_group |title=Novell formally announces the Unix Systems Group |journal=Computer Business Review |date=7 July 1993 |access-date=2008-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218150651/http://www.cbronline.com/news/novell_formally_announces_the_unix_systems_group|archive-date=2010-02-18}}

Image:Novell UnixWare 2 clock.jpg

In 1994 Novell released UnixWare 1.1, which includes TCP/IP in both the personal and advanced server editions.

{{Citation

|url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/novell_releases_version_11_of_unixware_1

|title=NOVELL RELEASES VERSION 1.1 OF UNIXWARE

|date=13 January 1994

|access-date=2008-10-31

|publisher=Computergram International

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218150704/http://www.cbronline.com/news/novell_releases_version_11_of_unixware_1

|archive-date=2010-02-18

}}

The MOTIF 1.2 runtime libraries are included for COSE compliance. NUC (NetWare Unix Client) software is included for integration with Novell NetWare servers. The Advanced Merge application is installed on both the server and personal editions to allow running DOS and Windows 3.1 applications.

Novell later released bug-fix versions 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and finally 1.1.4 on 19 June 1995.

{{Citation

|url=http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1995/06/pr00152.html

|title=UnixWare 1.1.4 Electronic Update Release

|date=19 June 1995

|access-date=31 October 2008

|publisher=Novell

|journal=Press release

}}

UnixWare 2.0, based on the Unix System V release 4.2MP kernel, which added support for multiprocessing, began shipping to OEMs and developers in December 1994,

{{Citation

|url=http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1995/03/pr00026.html

|title=UnixWare 2 Product Announcement Questions& Answers

|date=March 1995

|access-date=1 November 2008

|publisher=Novell

|journal=Press release

}}

and to the consumer market in March 1995.

{{Citation

|url=http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1995/03/pr00003.html

|title=Novell Showcases UnixWare 2 Solutions At Uniforum '95

|date=7 March 1995

|access-date=2008-10-31

|publisher=Novell

|journal=Press release

}}

Both the personal and server editions support two processor systems, with the possibility of buying extra Processor Upgrade licenses for the server edition. Supported multiprocessor systems include standard Intel MP 1.1 SMP machines and Corollary C-bus systems. The system supports NetWare ODI network drivers in an effort to increase the number of supported network interfaces. Other new features in the release include a POSIX Threads library in addition to the older UI threads library.

Before SCO licensed UnixWare in 1995, Novell had also announced a project to create a "SuperNOS" based on NetWare 4.1 and UnixWare 2.0 technologies in the future. This never materialized. Instead, a NetWare 4.10 server on Linux was offered as Caldera NetWare for Linux for OpenLinux since 1998, and Novell's Open Enterprise Server finally came in 2005.

Image:Novell UnixWare 2.1 Eiger Project Completion 1995 commemorative pen and case.jpg

In 1995, the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) acquired UnixWare from Novell.{{Citation |url=http://www.novell.com/news/press/archive/1995/12/pr95274.html |title=Novell Completes Sale of UnixWare Business to The Santa Cruz Operation |access-date=2007-07-14 }} The exact terms of this transaction were disputed (see SCO vs Novell); courts have subsequently determined that Novell retained the ownership of Unix.

When the transfer was made public SCO announced that it would work towards merging UnixWare with its OpenServer SVR3.2 based OS,

{{Citation

|url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/santa_cruz_hp_novell_carve_up_unix_between_them

|title=SANTA CRUZ, HP, NOVELL CARVE UP UNIX BETWEEN THEM

|publisher=Computergram International

|date=21 September 1995

|access-date=1 November 2008

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022431/http://www.cbronline.com/news/santa_cruz_hp_novell_carve_up_unix_between_them

|archive-date=2012-09-27

}}

but the first release of UnixWare from SCO was version 2.1 in 1996. At the release of UnixWare 2.1 it was announced that the proposed UnixWare/OpenServer merger was known as project Gemini, to be available in 1997 and a 64-bit version of UnixWare was to be developed for 1998.

{{Citation

|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1996_Feb_12/ai_17963591

|title=SCO Unveils Enterprise Class Operating System; Release of SCO UnixWare 2.1 Paves Way for Next-Generation UNIX Systems

|publisher=Business Wire

|date=12 February 1996

|access-date=1 November 2008

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124165357/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1996_Feb_12/ai_17963591

|archive-date=2009-01-24

}}

One controversial change was the adoption of an OpenServer-like user licensing policy. The Univel and Novell releases of UnixWare allow 2 users on the personal edition or unlimited numbers of users on the server edition. With UnixWare 2.1 the server edition includes a license for up to 5 users. Customers wanting more users could purchase 10, 25, 100, 500 or unlimited user license extensions.

{{Citation

|url = http://www.krsaborio.net/research/acrobat/1990s/9602_unixware.pdf

|format = PDF

|title = SCO UnixWare 2.1 Application Server

|publisher = SCO

}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

SCO released three updates to UnixWare 2.1. UnixWare 2.1.1, released in 1996 achieved Unix 95 branding.

{{Citation

|url=https://www.edn.com/sco-announces-unix-95-compliance-update-to-its-operating-system/

|title=SCO Announces Unix 95 Compliance Update to its Operating System

|publisher=EDN

|date=26 November 1996

|access-date=10 January 2024

}}

UnixWare 2.1.2 and 2.1.3, available in 1998, are largely bug fix releases.

In 1998 Compaq released a package known as the Integrity XC consisting of a single-system image cluster of Proliant servers with a version of UnixWare 2.1, UnixWare NonStop Clusters.

{{Citation

|url=http://in.rediff.com/computer/1998/aug/11compaq.htm

|title=Compaq Integrity XC server launched

|date=1998-08-11

|access-date=7 October 2008

}}

The first results of the Gemini project were made available in early 1998 as UnixWare 7.

{{Citation

|url = http://www.tparker.com/unixware_7_mar_98.htm

|title = UnixWare 7: revolution or revision?

|publisher = Timothy Parker Consulting Incorporated

|date = March 1998

|access-date = 1 November 2008

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071114172859/http://www.tparker.com/unixware_7_mar_98.htm

|archive-date = 14 November 2007

|url-status = dead

|df = mdy-all

}}

SCO named the kernel version Unix System V release 5. The system is largely based on UnixWare 2.1, with features for driver compatibility with OpenServer, allowing use of OpenServer network drivers. System administration utilities from OpenServer, scoadmin, replace the original UnixWare sysadm utility. Major new features of UnixWare 7 include multi-path I/O, large files and file systems and support for large memory systems.

{{Citation

|url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/sco_gemini_to_debut_as_unixware_compaq_gets_chummy

|title=SCO GEMINI TO DEBUT AS UNIXWARE; COMPAQ GETS CHUMMY

|publisher=Computergram International

|date=19 August 1997

|access-date=1 November 2008

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100218150745/http://www.cbronline.com/news/sco_gemini_to_debut_as_unixware_compaq_gets_chummy

|archive-date=2010-02-18

}}

UnixWare 7 lacks the Xenix compatibility features of both its ancestors.{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}

In 1999 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1 update which increased the number of editions; the Business (5-user), Department (25 user) and Enterprise (50 user) editions replace the earlier personal and server editions. The WebTop application from Tarantella, Inc. is included.

{{Citation

|url=http://www.cbronline.com/news/sco_data_center_unixware_to_debut_at_cebit

|title=SCO DATA CENTER UNIXWARE TO DEBUT AT CEBIT

|date=25 February 1999

|publisher=Computergram International

|access-date=1 November 2008

}}

In 2000 SCO released the UnixWare 7.1.1 update. Simultaneously the UnixWare NonStop Clusters 7.1.1+IP single-system image cluster package was released. This new package allows commodity hardware to be used as well as the proprietary Compaq hardware supported by the earlier Integrity XC product, and was directly available from SCO.

{{Citation

|first=Andrew

|last=Orlowski

|title=SCO, Compaq ServerNet-less clusters

|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/06/26/sco_compaq_servernetless_clusters/

|date=2000-06-26

|access-date=2008-10-28

|periodical = The Register

}}

Image:SCO UnixWare.jpg

On 2 August 2000,{{citation needed|date=May 2014|reason=The exact date is quite important given the various company reorganizations happening in 2000–2001.}} Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as rights to the OpenServer and UnixWare products, to Caldera Systems. In March 2001, Caldera Systems became Caldera International (CII), and the SCO purchase was completed in May 2001.{{citation needed|date=May 2014|reason=The exact date is quite important given the various company reorganizations happening in 2000/2001.}} The remaining part of the Santa Cruz Operation company, the Tarantella Division, changed its name to Tarantella, Inc.

Caldera International's initial release of UnixWare was renamed Open UNIX 8. The name change was intended to highlight the addition of the "Linux Kernel Personality" compatibility layer to the operating system.{{cite web| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020805133053/http://ir.caldera.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=45275| url=http://ir.caldera.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=45275| url-status=dead| archive-date=2002-08-05| date=2001-01-26| title=Caldera's New Server Products Scale Linux Applications From Low-end to High-end| publisher=Caldera| website=caldera.com}} This release is what would have been UnixWare 7.1.2. Caldera International renamed itself to The SCO Group in August 2002, after broadening its product line to include mobile products and services.

Later, the newly renamed The SCO Group reverted to the previous UnixWare brand and version release numbering, releasing UnixWare 7.1.3{{Citation |url=http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=5416 |title=UnixWare 7.1.3 Review - OSNews.com |access-date=2007-07-14 }} and 7.1.4.{{Citation |url=http://www.sco.com/products/unixware714/ |title=The SCO Group, Inc. |access-date=14 July 2007 }} No further releases were made under the Open UNIX name. The SCO Group continued to maintain UnixWare and issues periodic maintenance updates and support.{{Citation

| last = Harbaugh

| first = Logan

| title = Review: UnixWare 7.1.4 is suitable for basic server duty

| work = www.Linux.com

| publisher = SourceForge, Inc.

| date = 10 August 2004

| url = http://www.linux.com/feature/37964

| access-date = 21 May 2008}}

Between 2007 and 2011, The SCO Group engaged in a series of legal battles. In September 2007, The SCO Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[http://ir.sco.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=264124 The SCO Group Files Chapter 11 to Protect Assets as It Addresses Potential Financial and Legal Challenges]. The SCO Group, Inc. press release, 14 September 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903203522/http://ir.sco.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=264124 |date=3 September 2009 }}

On 11 April 2011, UnXis bought The SCO Group operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware.[http://www.unxisco.com/2011/04/11/unxis-completes-purchase-of-sco-unix-assets/ "UnXis Completes Purchase of SCO UNIX Assets"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114115305/http://www.unxisco.com/2011/04/11/unxis-completes-purchase-of-sco-unix-assets/ |date=2011-11-14 }}, press release, 11 April 2011{{cite news | url=http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/money/51606446-79/unix-sco-bolandz-bankruptcy.html.csp | title=SCO closes sale of Unix system to Nevada company | access-date=11 April 2011 | author=Harvey, Tom | date=11 April 2011 | newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune}}

The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc.,{{cite web | url=http://www.groklaw.net/pdf2/SCOGBK-1271-2.pdf | title=Certificates of Amendment to the Debtors’ Certificates of Incorporation (Exhibit A) | publisher=Secretary of State of the State of Delaware/Groklaw | date=6 May 2011 | access-date=7 May 2011}} and in August 2012 filed to convert from Chapter 11 to Chapter 7.{{cite web|url=http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20120807133033596 | title=SCO Files for Chapter 7: "There is no reasonable chance of 'rehabilitation" | date=7 August 2012 | publisher=Groklaw }}

The rights to Unixware, as well as OpenServer, were acquired by UnXis in 2011.

In June 2013 UnXis was renamed as Xinuos{{Cite web|title = Xinuos {{!}} Press Release - UnXis renamed Xinuos|url = http://www.xinuos.com/xinuos/news/96-pr-unxis-renamed-xinuos|website = www.Xinuos.com|access-date = 11 September 2015|first = Sean|last = Snyder}} and announced product and availability for SCO UnixWare 7.1.4+, now supporting both physical and virtual machines.

All versions of UnixWare have included significant open source components including BIND/X11/Sendmail/DHCP/Perl/Tcl and others. Later releases are bundled with numerous additional open source applications including Apache, Samba, MySQL, PostgreSQL, OpenSSH, and Mozilla software, as well as amenities such as Sudo, Vim, Tar, Gzip, and Red Hat's RPM Package Manager

{{ Citation

| url = http://ftp2.sco.com/pub/skunkware/talks/forum2004/html/index.html

| title = Open Source Components in SCO OpenServer and SCO UnixWare

| author = Ronald Joe Record

| work = SCO Forum 2004

| access-date = 2 April 2008 }}

All versions of SCO operating system distributions including UnixWare also have an extensive set of open source packages available for free download via the SCO Skunkware site.

{{ Citation

| url = http://ftp2.sco.com/pub/skunkware/talks/forum2002/html/index.html

| title = Open Source Birds of a Feather

| author = Ronald Joe Record

| work = SCO Forum 2002

| access-date = 2 April 2008 }}

{{Citation

|last=Mohr

|first=Jim

|title=Free Network Software from SCO

|journal=SCO World

|volume=7

|issue=3

|publisher=Venture Publishing Inc.

|location=Mountain View, California, USA

|date=May–June 2000

|url=http://www.scoworld.com/html/may00net.html

|access-date=13 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010228022204/http://www.scoworld.com/html/may00net.html |archive-date=2001-02-28}}

• OpenServer
• Portable NetWare
• Caldera OpenLinux
• Lineo Embedix

{{reflist|refs=

{{Cite press release |title=Xinuos Releases New UnixWare 7 Definitive |publisher=Business Wire |date=2015-12-15 |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151215005619/en/}}

{{cite news |title=Xinuos Releases Latest UnixWare Offering - UnixWare 7 Definitive 2018 |publisher=WENY |date=2018-12-11 |url=http://www.weny.com/story/39359365/xinuos-releases-latest-unixware-offering-unixware-7-definitive-2018 |access-date=2018-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215175959/http://www.weny.com/story/39359365/xinuos-releases-latest-unixware-offering-unixware-7-definitive-2018 |archive-date=2018-12-15 |url-status=dead}}

}}

• [http://www.sco.com/products/unixware714/SCO_UW714_Broch_final2004.qxd.pdf SCO UnixWare 7.1.4 Data Sheet (PDF)]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20031204183836/http://www.sco.com/company/history.html SCO History - includes UnixWare release dates]
• [http://www.zenez.com/tmp/scouw7faq/cache/1.html SCO UnixWare 7 / Caldera International OpenUNIX 8 FAQ]

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Category:Novell operating systems

Category:UNIX System V

Category:X86 operating systems