Unrequited love

{{short description|Love that is not reciprocated by the receiver}}

{{Multiple issues|{{Globalize|1=article|2=Western|date=October 2015}}

{{Lead rewrite|date=September 2023}}}}

Unrequited love or one-sided love is love that is not openly reciprocated or understood as such by the beloved. The beloved may not be aware of the admirer's deep affection, or may consciously reject it knowing that the admirer admires them. Merriam-Webster defines unrequited as "not reciprocated or returned in kind".{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unrequited |title=Unrequited - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |access-date=2012-05-23}}

Psychiatrist Eric Berne said in his 1970 book Sex in Human Loving that "Some say that one-sided love is better than none, but like half a loaf of bread, it is likely to grow hard and moldy sooner."{{cite book |first=Eric |last=Berne |title=Sex in Human Loving |publisher=Penguin |year=1970 |page=130 |isbn=0-671-20771-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeOFAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA130 }} Unrequited love stands in contrast to redamancy, the act of reciprocal love, which is the tendency for people to like others who express a liking for them.{{cite book|last1=Ash|first1=John|title=The New And Complete Dictionary Of The English Language: In Which All The Words are Introduced ... : To Which Is Prefixed, A Comprehensive Grammar; In Two Volumes, Volume 2|year=1775|publisher=Dilly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPtIAAAAcAAJ&pg=PT146|access-date=12 June 2015}}

Analysis

File:Stückelberg Sappho 1897.jpg fell from a rock out of unrequited love for the ferryman Phaon. Painting by Ernst Stückelberg, 1897.]]

= Route to unrequited love =

According to Dr. Roy Baumeister, what makes a person desirable is a complex and highly personal mix of many qualities and traits. But falling for someone who is much more desirable than oneself — whether because of physical beauty or attributes like charm, intelligence, wit or status — Baumeister calls this kind of mismatch "prone to find their love unrequited" and that such relationships are falling upward.

"Platonic friendships provide a fertile soil for unrequited love."Spitzberg, p. 311 Thus the object of unrequited love is often a friend or acquaintance, someone regularly encountered in the workplace, during the course of work, school or other activities involving large groups of people. This creates an awkward situation in which the admirer has difficulty in expressing their true feelings, a fear that revelation of feelings might invite rejection, cause embarrassment or might end all access to the beloved, as a romantic relationship may be inconsistent with the existing association.

=Rejectors=

"There are two bad sides to unrequited love, but only one is made familiar by our culture""To love or be loved in vain: The trials and tribulations of unrequited love. In W. R. Cupach & B. H. Spitzberg (Eds.), The dark side of close relationships (pp. 307-326). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Carpenter, L. M. (1998)Spitzberg, p. 308 – that of the lover, not the rejector. In fact, research suggests that the object of unrequited affection experiences a variety of negative emotions exceeding those of the suitor, including anxiety, frustration, and guilt.{{Cite web|last=Goleman |first=Daniel |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1DB1E3DF93AA35751C0A965958260 |title=Pain of Unrequited Love Afflicts the Rejecter, Too|work=The New York Times |date=1993-02-09 |access-date=2010-03-31}} As Freud pointed out, "when a woman sues for love, to reject and refuse is a distressing part for a man to play".Janet Malcolm, Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession (London 1988) p. 9

Advantages

Image:Dante and beatrice.jpg looks longingly at Beatrice Portinari (in yellow) as she passes by him with Lady Vanna (in red) in Dante and Beatrice, by Henry Holiday]]

Unrequited love has long been depicted as noble, an unselfish and stoic willingness to accept suffering. Literary and artistic depictions of unrequited love may depend on assumptions of social distance that have less relevance in western, democratic societies with relatively high social mobility and less rigid codes of sexual fidelity. Nonetheless, the literary record suggests a degree of euphoria in the feelings associated with unrequited love, which has the advantage as well of carrying none of the responsibilities of mutual relationships: certainly, "rejection, apparent or real, may be the catalyst for inspired literary creation... 'the poetry of frustration'."Mary Ward, The Literature of Love (2009) p. 45-6

Eric Berne considered that "the man who is loved by a woman is lucky indeed, but the one to be envied is he who loves, however little he gets in return. How much greater is Dante gazing at Beatrice than Beatrice walking by him in apparent disdain."Eric Berne, Sex in Human Loving (Penguin 1970) p. 238

"Remedies"

Roman poet Ovid in his Remedia Amoris "provides advice on how to overcome inappropriate or unrequited love. The solutions offered include travel, teetotalism, bucolic pursuits, and ironically, avoidance of love poets".A. Grafton et al, The Classical Tradition (2010) p. 664

Cultural examples

File:Unhappy Valentine.jpg gift with heart-shaped helium balloons attached sits discarded in a dumpster.]]

= Western =

In the wake of his real-life experiences with Maud Gonne, W. B. Yeats wrote of those who "had read/All I had rhymed of that monstrous thing/Returned and yet unrequited love".Y. B. Yeats, The Poems (London 1983) p. 155
According to Robert B. Pippin, Proust claimed that "the only successful (sustainable) love is unrequited love",Pippin, p. 326 something which according to Pippin, "has been invoked as a figure for the condition of modernity itself".Pippin, p. 326n

=Eastern=

The medieval Japanese poet Saigyō may have turned from samurai to monk because of unrequited love, one of his waka asking: "What turned me to wanting/to break with the world-bound life?/Maybe the one whose love/turned to loathing and who now joins with me in a different joy".W LaFleur, Awesome Nightfall (Boston 2003) p. 14-15 In other poems he wrote: "Alas, I'm foreordained to suffer, loving deep a heartless lass....Would I could know if there be such in far-off China!"H H Honda trans, The Sanka Shu (Tokyo 1971) p. 236-7

File:Left_on_read.jpg as a typing awareness indicator on the left.]]In China, passion tends to be associated not with happiness, but with sorrow and unrequited love.G Maciocia, The Psyche in Chinese Medicine (2009) p. 136

References

External links

{{Cite news |date=2005-02-06 |title=Unrequited love can be a 'killer' |language=en-GB |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4240579.stm |publisher=BBC News|access-date=2022-07-30}}
{{Cite web |title=Is There Such a Thing as Unrequited Love?|website =Psychology Today |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-philosophers-diaries/202004/is-there-such-thing-unrequited-love |date=2022-04-11|access-date=2022-07-30 |language=en-US|first=Iskra |last=Fileva }}

Category:Grief

Category:Love

Category:Non-sexuality

Category:Asymmetry

ca:Amor no correspost