Upper Krishna Project

The foundation stone for the project was laid by the then Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on 22 May 1964. It was designed to irrigate 1,536,000 acres of land in Gulbarga, Raichur, Bijapur, Bagalkot and now Yadgir. UKP intends to use the bulk of 173 thousand million cubic feet (tmcft) of water allocated to the state of Karnataka by the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal, headed by R. S. Bachawat Tribunal, in May 1976. The initial estimation of the cost of the project was {{INRConvert|120|c|nolink=yes }};{{cite news |author=Suresh Bhat |title=President to dedicate Upper Krishna Project to the nation today |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/21/stories/2006082120610100.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081009234435/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/21/stories/2006082120610100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |location=Bijapur |date=21 August 2006 |work=The Hindu |access-date=25 July 2012}} however, after many revisions, the final cost of the project reached {{INRConvert|10371.67 |c|nolink=yes }},{{cite news |title=Upper Krishna Project cost revised |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/14/stories/2010031452850300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019071936/http://www.hindu.com/2010/03/14/stories/2010031452850300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2013 |location=Gulbarga |date=14 March 2010 |work=The Hindu |access-date=29 July 2012}} and it took 42 years for the project to be completed. 201 villages were affected by the project and 136 villages were completely submerged in the backwaters of the reservoirs constructed as a part of the project.

Stage I of the UKP plans to use 119 tmcft of water and irrigate 4250 km² of land on the left bank of the Krishna River. It involves construction of Almatti Dam and Narayanpur Dam along with several other canals.{{cite web |title=Upper Krishna Project |url=http://www.kbjnl.com/upperkrishna.htm |publisher=Krishna Bhagya Jala Nigam LTD |access-date=26 June 2012}}

File:Alamatti dam.JPG

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Stage II of the UKP plans to use 54 tmcft of water and irrigate 1971.20 km² of land. It involves irrigation on the right bank of the river by the flow and also by lifting the waters to higher levels on both left and right banks. The project mainly involved construction of channels.

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Hipparagi barrage

This project also includes construction of Hipparagi barrage (near {{Coord|16|33|09|N|75|09|58|E|type:landmark_region:IN-KA}} ) in the upstream of Almatti dam with maximum water level and FRL at 531.4 m MSL and barrage crest level at 516.635 m MSL in Athani taluq of Belagavi district.{{cite web|url= http://waterresources.kar.nic.in/salient_features_hippargi.htm |title= Hipparagi barrage details|access-date=23 July 2013}} Hipparagi barrage with 4.9 tmcft live storage capacity supplies irrigation water to nearly 60,000 acres by Ainapur and Halyal lift canals.{{cite web |title=Hipparagi Barrage B00592 |url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Hipparagi_Barrage_B00592 |access-date=26 June 2018}}

The Karnataka government on 3 December 2011 unveiled a five-year action plan to fully use its share of water in the Krishna River basin. Stage III of UKP would use 130 tmcft of water. The Karnataka government would be spending {{INRConvert|17000|c|nolink=yes }} to complete the third stage of the project.{{cite news |title= Rs 17,000 crore plan for utilization of River Krishna water|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_rs17000-crore-plan-for-utilisation-of-river-krishna-water_1620743 |work=Daily News and Analysis |location=Bangalore |date=3 December 2011 |access-date=2 August 2012}}

Stage III consists of increasing the full reservoir water level of Alamatti Dam to {{convert|524|m}} and this would require the relocation of 30 villages. One lakh acres (405 km²) of land would be submerged.

UKP stage III would involve lift irrigation schemes at Mulwad, Chimmalagi, and Indi and extension of the Narayanapura Right Bank Canal and Bhima diversion plan. Stage III would also involve the extension of lift irrigation schemes at Rampur, Mallabad, Koppal and Herakal.

The major beneficiary of the project would be Kalaburagi district with around 950,000 acres of land coming under irrigation. A hydel power generation plant of installed capacity of 297 MW has been contemplated at Almatti, which it is estimated would generate about 672 million units annually. This work has been assigned to KPCL, a Karnataka Government company. It is expected to increase the production of food grains and cash crops in the command area of the UKP, adding {{INRConvert|6000|c|nolink=yes }} to the country's economy annually and stimulating prosperity and growth in the otherwise drought-prone and economically backward districts of the north eastern part of Karnataka. The project is also intended to provide drinking water to 18 urban and several rural centres.

Delays{{Cite news|author=Special correspondent|date=20 May 2000|title=Stage I of UKP yet to be completed|url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/05/21/stories/0421210j.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208235305/http://www.hindu.com/2000/05/21/stories/0421210j.htm|archive-date=8 February 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=dead}} and the level of cost over-runs lead to charges of cronyism and corruption.{{Cite news|author=Staff|date=18 October 2005|title=World Bank report was not circulated among us, says Prakash|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/18/stories/2005101811120300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223133458/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/18/stories/2005101811120300.htm|archive-date=23 December 2005|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|author=Staff|date=13 March 2006|title=Crest gate work awarded sans KBJNL nod|newspaper=Deccan-Herald|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/mar132006/state191782006312.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209001455/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/mar132006/state191782006312.asp|archive-date=9 February 2013 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news|author=Staff|date=29 November 2010|title=CID to probe into corruption during Gowda's tenure: K'tka govt|newspaper=The Economic Times|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-29/news/27569040_1_cbi-probe-h-d-deve-gowda-irregularities|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209000151/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-29/news/27569040_1_cbi-probe-h-d-deve-gowda-irregularities|archive-date=9 February 2013 |url-status=dead}} A first information report (FIR) was filed by police on 26 Oct 2011 in connection with alleged financial irregularities in awarding the contracts to the tune of {{INRConvert|400|c|nolink=yes }} in the project during 1995–1998. The FIR filed did not name anyone. Former prime minister H. D. Deve Gowda after becoming the Prime Minister of India, amended the rule to release the funds for water projects of the states and released 700 cr to the state of Karnataka which not only helped Karnataka, but all states for their water projects. Even though several CM's came and went but not finished this project since 15 years. Totally dam work started 45 years back but not completed till today. Due to this Karnataka Government lost huge agricultural income and loss to ex-chequer.{{cite news |title= Rs 17,000 crore plan for utilisation of River Krishna water|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=739568|agency=OUTLOOKINDIA |location=Bangalore |date=26 October 2011 |access-date=2 August 2012}}

Lack of proper maintenance has been a recurring concern, especially after disasters such as the collapse of a main gate at the Narayanpur Dam.{{Cite news|author=Special correspondent|date=8 October 2005|title=Breach raises questions about safety, maintenance of dam|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806900400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218212259/http://www.hindu.com/2005/10/08/stories/2005100806900400.htm|archive-date=18 February 2006|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=dead}}

Human costs included the large number of displaced persons and the loss of community. Thousands of farmers lost their land due to this project, farmers land was sunk into backwater as well as dam water and became stranded. Huge i.e. more than 60sq.km land was submerged in Almatti Dam water, citizens lost their homes, homeland and farmland and society because of this project. Nearly 3000 villages sunk under dam water have now become displaced, stranded and spread out in Karnataka and surrounding states. Citizens and citizen farmers sacrificed their life, land and society.{{Cite journal |author=Sharma, Ravi |year=2006 |title=Ground Realities: The families displaced by the Upper Krishna Project in Karnataka are unhappy at the rehabilitation centres |work=The Hindu Frontline |volume=23 |issue=21 |url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2321/stories/20061103001305100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009205025/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2321/stories/20061103001305100.htm |archive-date=9 October 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2013}}

• S. G. Balekundri

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Category:Economy of Karnataka

Category:Irrigation in India

Category:Economy of Maharashtra

Category:Krishna River