Uruguayan Portuguese

The origin of Portuguese in Uruguay can be traced back to the time of the dominion of the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, and the Empire of Brazil. In those times, the ownership of those lands was not very well defined, passing back and forth from the hands of one crown to the other. Before its independence after the Cisplatine War in 1828, Uruguay was one of the provinces of the Empire of Brazil as Cisplatina.

Portuguese was the only language spoken throughout northern Uruguay until the end of the 19th century. To assure the homogeneity of the newly formed country, the government made an effort to impose the Spanish language into lusophone communities through educational policies and language planning, and bilingualism became widespread and diglossic.{{sfn|Carvalho|2004|p=130}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2024}}

The variant described above is known as "Tacuaremboense" and is spoken in the interior of Rivera. Stops and tense fricatives can be voiced or voiceless, while the lax fricatives are always voiced. The implosive allophone of /s/ is sibilant, not aspirated.{{sfn|Hensey|1972|p=44-45}}

• Differences between Spanish and Portuguese

{{reflist|20em}}

• {{cite book

|first= Frederick |last= Hensey

|title= The Sociolinguistics of the Brazilian-Uruguayan Border

|year= 1972

|isbn= 9789027923264

|publisher= Mouton

|location= Netherlands

|pages= 44–45

|language= en

}}

• {{cite journal

|first= Ana Maria |last= Carvalho |author-link= Ana Maria Carvalho

|year= 2003

|title= Variation and diffusion of Uruguayan Portuguese in a bilingual border town

|journal= Actas do 1 Simposio Internacional sobre o Bilingüismo

|location= Vigo

|pages= 642–651

|url= http://webs.uvigo.es/ssl/actas1997/05/Carvalho.pdf

|url-status= live

|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240116122040/http://ssl.webs.uvigo.es/actas1997/05/Carvalho.pdf

|archive-date= 16 January 2024

}}

• {{cite book

|last1=Carvalho |first1=Ana Maria

|editor1-last=Callahan |editor1-first=Laura

|title=Spanish and Portuguese across Time, Place, and Borders

|date=2014

|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan London

|isbn=978-1-349-46484-5

|pages=183–199

|chapter=Linguistic Continuity along the Uruguayan-Brazilian Border: Monolingual Perceptions of a Bilingual Reality

|doi=10.1057/9781137340450

}}

• {{cite thesis

|first= Kendra |last= Douglas

|year= 2004

|title= Uruguayan Portuguese in Artigas: Tri-dimensionality of transitional local varieties in contact with Spanish and Portuguese standards

|type= Ph.D. dissertation

|location= Madison, WI

|publisher= University of Wisconsin

}}

• {{cite journal

|first= John M. |last= Lipski

|title= Too close for comfort? The genesis of 'portuñol/portunhol'

|year= 2006

|journal= Selected Proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium

|editor-first1= Timothy L. |editor-last1= Face

|editor-first2= Carol A. |editor-last2= Klee

|publisher= Cascadilla Proceedings Project

|location= Somerville, MA

|pages= 1–22

|url= http://www.lingref.com/cpp/hls/8/paper1251.pdf

|url-status= live

|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240117175142/http://www.lingref.com/cpp/hls/8/paper1251.pdf

|archive-date= 17 January 2024

}}

• {{cite book

|first1= Nicolás |last1= Brian

|first2= Claudia |last2= Brovetto

|first3= Javier |last3= Geymonat

|title= Portugués del Uruguay y educación bilingüe

|lang= es

|year= 2007

}}

• {{cite book

|first= Ralph |last= Penny

|section= New dialects: {{lang|es|fronterizo}}

|pages= 163–166

|title= Variation and Change in Spanish

|publisher= Cambridge University Press

|year= 2000

|isbn= 9780521780452

|url= https://archive.org/details/variationchangei0000penn

}}

• {{cite journal

|first= Ana Maria |last= Carvalho |author-link= Ana Maria Carvalho

|title= I speak like the guys on TV: Palatalization and the urbanization of Uruguayan Portuguese

|journal= Language Variation and Change

|volume= 16

|issue= 2

|pages= 127–151

|year= 2004

|doi= 10.1017/S0954394504162030

|doi-broken-date= 1 November 2024 |s2cid= 144351313

|url= https://www.academia.edu/6268461

}}

• [http://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/americanas/dialetos_portugueses_uruguai.html Page about Uruguayan Portunhol (in Portuguese) at Unicamp - University of Campinas, São Paulo] (in Portuguese)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060924153049/http://www.fhuce.edu.uy/academica/linguistica/sicosocio/CVElizaincin.htm Adolfo Elizaincín website]
• {{in lang|ia|en|pt|es}} [http://hkyson.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/portuniol-un-nove-lingua-que-sta-a-ganiar-popularitate-inter-le-personsas-qui-vive-presso-le-frontieras-del-brasil-e-su-paises-hispanoparlante-vicin/ Portuñol, a new language that is gaining popularity among people who live close to the borders of Brazil and its neighboring Spanish-speaking countries]

{{Portuguese dialects}}

{{Languages of Brazil}}

{{Languages of Uruguay}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Riverense Portunol Language}}

Category:Portuguese dialects

Category:Portuguese language in the Americas

Category:Languages of Uruguay

Category:Languages of Brazil

Category:Rivera Department

Category:Brazil–Uruguay border