User:Delldot/scrapheap
{{Pie chart
| thumb = left
| caption = Breakdown of age at time of injury in the US from 1995–1999. Data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. {{cite book|author1=Committee on Spinal Cord Injury|author2=Board on Neuroscience and Behavioral Health|author3=Institute of Medicine|title=Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ewEJU8Sg-n8C&pg=PA57|date=27 July 2005|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-16520-4|page=15}}
| label1 = 0–15
| value1 = 3.0
| color1 =
| label2 =16–30
| value2 =42.1
| color2 =
| label3 =31–45
| value3 =28.1
| color3 =
| label4 =46–60
| value4 =15.1
| color4 =
| label5 =61–75
| value5 =8.5
| color5 =
| label6 =76+
| value6 =3.2
| color6 =
}}
to do
- Sullivan -replace with page #s sfn
- Brown-Séquard syndrome - several dermatomes lower
anatomy
31 spinal nerves; there;s a c8 (cord not column); c1-c7 exit above vertebrae, c8 on exit below.{{sfn|Bigelow|Medzon|2011|p=168}}
spinal nerves anterior=efferent, pos=aff.{{sfn|Bigelow|Medzon|2011|p=168}}
class
LMN vs UMN (at vs below lvl of inj).{{sfn|Snell|2010|p=170}}
s/s
temp control, hypo early hyper later, improves over time.{{sfn|Fulk|Behrman|Schmitz|2013|p=897}}
cardiovasc problems{{sfn|Fulk|Behrman|Schmitz|2013|p=897}}
Quadriparesis is weakness in all four limbs, paraparesis is weakness in the legs.[http://www.r2library.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/Resource/detail/0803640684/ch0048s2900]
above t6 resp affected, above t12 cough fx'd.[https://books.google.com/books?id=G52WNEKV7ckC&pg=PA176&dq=pregnant+%22spinal+cord+injury%22+UTI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdwoSBr_PJAhWFgj4KHd4WCpYQ6AEILzAA#v=onepage&q=pregnant%20%22spinal%20cord%20injury%22%20UTI&f=false] p.175
causes
uncommon in kids, but lap belt or birth injuries{{cite journal|last1=Schottler|first1=Jennifer|last2=Vogel|first2=Lawrence C|last3=Sturm|first3=Peter|title=Spinal cord injuries in young children: A review of children injured at 5 years of age and younger|journal=Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology|volume=54|issue=12|year=2012|pages=1138–1143|issn=00121622|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04411.x|pmid=22998495}}
pathophys
description primary/secondaary
comorbidities
associated spinal fx in 56% cervical, 100% thorax, 85% lumbar.{{sfn|Bigelow|Medzon|2011|p=167}}
rx
prognosis
c3 nd higher usu fatal.[http://www.r2library.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/Resource/detail/0803640684/ch0048s2900]
epidemiology
c-spine carries highest mortality of SCI lvls.{{sfn|Bigelow|Medzon|2011|p=168}}
societal impact
- avg lifetime costs, collective costs.{{sfn|Fulk|Behrman|Schmitz|2013|p=890}}
- lifetime costs chart by level.
- lifetime costs, para/quad {{sfn|Augustine|2011|p=194}}
- high quad > $3mil.{{sfn|Bigelow|Medzon|2011|p=167}}
- $40.5 billion/yr in us.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kabu S, Gao Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V |title=Drug delivery, cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering approaches for spinal cord injury |journal=Journal of Controlled Release |volume=219 |issue= |pages=141–54 |year=2015 |pmid=26343846 |doi=10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.060 |pmc=4656085 |url=}}
- employment stats at 1 yr, 20 yrs, n 35.{{ cite web |publisher= University of Alabama at Birmingham|author=National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center |title=Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= March 2013|pmid= |doi= |pmc= |url=https://www.nscisc.uab.edu/PublicDocuments/fact_figures_docs/Facts%202013.pdf |location=Birmingham, AL}}
- loss of productivity.
global costs[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4179833/]
research
drugs, hypo, oscillating, Anti-Nogo antibodies, cell transplantation therapy{{sfn|Daroff|Fenichel|Jankovic|Mazziotta|2012|p=983}}
refs
{{cite book|last=Augustine|first=J.J.|editor=Campbell, J.R.|chapter=Spinal trauma|title=International Trauma Life Support for Emergency Care Providers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubkuAAAAQBAJ|date=21 November 2011|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=978-0-13-300408-3}}
{{cite book|last1=Bigelow|first1=S.|last2=Medzon|first2=R.|editors=Legome, E.; Shockley, L.W.|chapter=Injuries of the spine: Nerve|title=Trauma: A Comprehensive Emergency Medicine Approach|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b-EaOBcBx7cC|date=16 June 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-50072-2}}