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! width=15% | Article name

! width=25% | Google Ngrams

! width=60% | Result

Chiang Kai-shek

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Chiang+Kai-shek%2C+Jiang+Jieshi&year_start=1800&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CChiang%20Kai%20-%20shek%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CJiang%20Jieshi%3B%2Cc0 Chiang Kai-shek vs. Jiang Jieshi]

| "Chiang Kai-shek" has always dominated, though is declining relative to "Jiang Jieshi".

Deng Xiaoping

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Deng+Xiaoping%2CTeng+Hsiao-p%27ing&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CDeng%20Xiaoping%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CTeng%20Hsiao%20-%20p%27ing%3B%2Cc0 Deng Xiaoping vs Teng Hsiao-p'ing]

| "Deng Xiaoping" has been more common since 1980

Kangxi Emperor

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Kangxi%2CK%27ang-hsi%2CK%27ang+hsi&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CKangxi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CK%27ang%20-%20hsi%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BK%27ang%20-%20hsi%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BK%27ang%20-%20Hsi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CK%27ang%20hsi%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BK%27ang%20Hsi%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BK%27ANG%20HSI%3B%2Cc0 Kangxi vs. K'ang-hsi vs K'ang Hsi]

| "Kangxi" has been more common since the mid-1980s. "K'ang Hsi" (spaced) lost out to "K'ang-hsi" (hyphenated) in the mid 1960s.

Laozi

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Laozi%2CLao-tzu%2CLao-tze%2CLao+Tzu&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CLaozi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CLao%20-%20tzu%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CLao%20-%20tze%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CLao%20Tzu%3B%2Cc0 Laozi vs. Lau Tzu vs. Lau-Tzu vs. Lao-Tze]

| "Laozi" has been more common since the mid-1990s. This surprises me; usually anything related to Chinese philosophy tends to retain an older, non-pinyin romanization. The "Lao Tzu" variant remains quite popular.

Mao Zedong

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Mao+Zedong%2C+Mao+Tse-tung&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CMao%20Zedong%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CMao%20Tse%20-%20tung%3B%2Cc0 Mao Zedong vs. Mao Tse-tung]

| "Mao Zedong" has been more common since the mid-1980s

Puyi

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Puyi%2CPu-yi%2CP%27u-i&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CPuyi%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BPuyi%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BPuYi%3B%2Cc0%3B%3Bpuyi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CPu%20-%20yi%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BPu%20-%20yi%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BPu%20-%20Yi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CP%27u%20-%20i%3B%2Cc0 Puyi vs. Pu-yi vs. P'u-i]

| "Puyi" has been more common since about 1990.

Qianlong Emperor

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Qianlong%2CCh%27ien-lung%2CChien-lung%2CChien+Lung&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CQianlong%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CCh%27ien%20-%20lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BCh%27ien%20-%20lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCh%27ien%20-%20Lung%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CChien%20-%20lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BChien%20-%20lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BChien%20-%20Lung%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CChien%20Lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BChien%20Lung%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCHIEN%20LUNG%3B%2Cc0 Qianlong vs. Ch'ien-lung vs. Chien-lung vs. Chien Lung]

| "Qianlong" dominates strongly, and has been more common since the mid 1980s.

Sun Tzu

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Sunzi%2CSun+Zi%2CSun+Tzu&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CSunzi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CSun%20Zi%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CSun%20Tzu%3B%2Cc0 Sun Tzu vs. Sunzi vs. Sun Zi]

| "Sun Tzu" has always dominated. Pinyin variants rose from 1980 to 2000, but have stalled.

Sun Yat-sen

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Sun+Zhongshan%2C+Sun+Yat-sen&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CSun%20Zhongshan%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CSun%20Yat%20-%20sen%3B%2Cc0 Sun Yat-sen vs. Sun Zhongshan]

| "Sun Yat-sen" has always dominated. "Sun Zhongshan" peaked around 2000.

Zhou Enlai

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Zhou+Enlai%2CChou+En-lai&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CZhou%20Enlai%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CChou%20En%20-%20lai%3B%2Cc0 Zhou Enlai vs Chou En-lai]

| "Zhou Enlai" has been more common since the mid 1980s.

Yongle Emperor

| [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Yongle%2CYung-lo%2CYung+Lo&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CYongle%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CYung%20-%20lo%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BYung%20-%20lo%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BYung%20-%20Lo%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CYung%20Lo%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BYung%20Lo%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BYung%20lo%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BYUNG%20LO%3B%2Cc0 Yongle vs Yung-lo vs Yung Lo]

| "Yongle" has been most common since 1990.

Dynasties

  • Jin dynasty vs. Chin dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Jin+dynasty%2CChin+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CJin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BJin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BJin%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BJIN%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CChin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BChin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BChin%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCHIN%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Qin dynasty vs. Ch'in dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Qin+dynasty%2CCh%27in+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CQin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BQin%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BQin%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BQIN%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CCh%27in%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BCh%27in%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCh%27in%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCH%27IN%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Qing dynasty vs. Ch'ing dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Qing+dynasty%2C+Ch%27ing+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CQing%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BQing%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BQing%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BQING%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CCh%27ing%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BCh%27ing%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCh%27ing%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCH%27ING%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Song dynasty vs. Sung dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Song+dynasty%2CSung+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CSong%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BSong%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BSong%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BSONG%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CSung%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BSung%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BSung%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BSUNG%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Tang dynasty vs. T'ang dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Tang+dynasty%2CT%27ang+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CTang%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BTang%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTang%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BTANG%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CT%27ang%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BT%27ang%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BT%27ang%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BT%27ANG%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Zhou dynasty vs. Chou dynasty: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Zhou+dynasty%2CChou+dynasty&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CZhou%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BZhou%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BZhou%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BZHOU%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CChou%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3BChou%20dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BChou%20Dynasty%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BCHOU%20DYNASTY%3B%2Cc0 gn]

Cities

  • Beijing vs. Peking: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Beijing%2CPeking&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CBeijing%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CPeking%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Chongqing vs. Chungking: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Chongqing%2CChungking&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CChongqing%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CChungking%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Hong Kong vs. Xianggang: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Xianggang%2CHong+Kong&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CXianggang%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CHong%20Kong%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Nanjing vs. Nanking vs. Nankin: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Nanjing%2CNanking%2CNankin&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CNanjing%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNanking%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CNankin%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Suzhou vs. Soochow: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Suzhou%2CSoochow&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CSuzhou%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CSoochow%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Taipei vs. Taibei: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Taibei%2CTaipei&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CTaibei%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CTaipei%3B%2Cc0 gn]

Miscellaneous

  • I Ching vs. Yijing: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=I+Ching%2CYijing&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CI%20Ching%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CYijing%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Taoism vs. Daoism: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Taoism%2CDaoism&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CTaoism%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CDaoism%3B%2Cc0 gn]
  • Tao Te Ching vs. Daodejing vs. Dao De Jing: [https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Tao+Te+Ching%2CDaodejing%2CDao+De+Jing&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2CTao%20Te%20Ching%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CDaodejing%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2CDao%20De%20Jing%3B%2Cc0 gn]