User:Ham105/sandbox/p32

==<span id="Date ranges"></span>Ranges==

{{hatnote|Note: A change from a preference for two digits, to a preference for four digits, on the right side of year{{ndash}}year ranges was implemented in July 2016 per this RFC.}}

Use a dash, or a word such as from or between, but not both: {{xt|from 1881 to 1886}} (not {{!xt|{{nobr|from 1881{{ndash}}1886}}}});{{nbsp}} {{xt|between June{{nbsp}}1 and July{{nbsp}}3}} (not {{!xt|{{nobr|between June{{nbsp}}1{{snd}}July{{nbsp}}3}}}})

===Simple ranges: year–year, day–day, month–month===

A simple year{{ndash}}year range is written using an en dash (– or {{tlx|ndash}}) not an em dash, hyphen or slash; this dash is usually {{em|unspaced}} (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's end year is usually given in full:
{{xt|1881{{ndash}}1886}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|1881{{ndash}}1992}} (not {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}86}};{{nbsp}} {{nobr|{{!xt|1881{{snd}}1992}}}})
{{hanging indent|text=Markup: 1881{{tl|ndash}}1886 or 1881–1886}}
Two-digit ending years ({{xt|1881{{ndash}}82}}, but never {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}882}} or {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}2}}) {{em|may}} be used in any of the following cases: (1) two consecutive years; (2) infoboxes and tables where space is limited (using a single format consistently in any given table column); and (3) in certain topic areas if there is a very good reason, such as matching the established convention of reliable sources.
The slash notation ({{xt|2005/2006}}) may be used to signify a fiscal year or other special period, if that convention is used in reliable sources.
Other "simple" ranges use an {{em|unspaced}} en dash as well:
day{{ndash}}day: {{xt|5{{ndash}}7{{nbsp}}January 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|January{{nbsp}}5{{ndash}}7, 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|elections were held March 5{{ndash}}8}}
month{{ndash}}month: {{xt|the 1940 peak period was May{{ndash}}July}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|the peak period was May{{ndash}}July{{nbsp}}1940}};{{nbsp}} (but {{xt|the peak period was {{nobr|May 1940{{snd}}July}} 1940}} uses a {{em|spaced}} en dash; {{crossref|see below}})
An overnight period may be expressed using a slash between two contiguous dates: {{xt|the night raids of 30/31{{nbsp}}May 1942}} or {{xt|raids of 31{{nbsp}}May{{nbsp}}/ 1{{nbsp}}June 1942}}.
Or use an en dash: (unspaced) {{xt|raids of 30{{ndash}}31{{nbsp}}May 1942}};{{nbsp}} (spaced) {{xt|raids of {{nobr|31{{nbsp}}May{{snd}}1{{nbsp}}June}} 1942}}.

=====Ranges where items are spaced=====

If at least one of the items on either side of the en dash contains a space, then a {{em|spaced}} en dash ({{tlx|snd}}) is used:
between specific dates in different months: {{xt|They travelled {{nobr|June{{nbsp}}3{{snd}}August{{nbsp}}18,}} 1952}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|They travelled 3{{nbsp}}June{{snd}}18{{nbsp}}August 1952}}
between dates in different years:
{{xt|Charles Robert Darwin (12{{nbsp}}February {{nobr|1809{{snd}}19{{nbsp}}April}} 1882) was an English naturalist{{nbsp}}...}}
{{hanging indent|text=Markup: 12{{t|nbsp}}February 1809{{tl|snd}}19{{t|nbsp}}April 1882 or {{nowrap|12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882}} }}
{{xt|Abraham Lincoln (February{{nbsp}}12, 1809{{snd}}April{{nbsp}}15, 1865) was the 16th President of{{nbsp}}...}}
between months in different years: {{xt|The exception was in force August {{nobr|1892{{snd}}January}} 1903}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|The Ghent Incursion (March 1822{{snd}}January{{nbsp}}1, 1823) was ended by the New Year's Treaty}}
{{hanging indent|text=Markup: March 1822{{t|snd}}January{{t|nbsp}}1, 1823 or {{nowrap|March 1822 – January 1, 1823}} }}
Where circa or other modifiers are used: {{xt|reigned c. 1393{{snd}}1414}} {{See below|Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates}}

===Date range to the present===

Constructions such as {{nobr|{{xt|1982{{ndash}}present}}}} (with unspaced ndash), {{nobr|{{xt|January 1, 2011{{snd}}present}}}} (spaced ndash), or {{nobr|{{xt|January 2011{{snd}}present}}}} (spaced ndash) may be used where appropriate, but other constructions may be more appropriate in prose {{crossref|(see {{section link||Statements likely to become outdated}})}}. In tables and infoboxes where space is limited, pres. may be used ({{xt|1982{{ndash}}pres.}}).
Do not use incomplete-looking constructions such as {{nobr|{{!xt|1982{{ndash}}}}}} and {{nobr|{{!xt|1982{{ndash}}... }} .}}

===Biographical dates===

For a person still living: {{xt|Serena Williams (born September{{nbsp}}26, 1981) is a{{nbsp}}...}}, not {{!xt|(September{{nbsp}}26, 1981{{snd}})}} or {{!xt|(born on September{{nbsp}}26, 1981)}}.
Do not use * to indicate born; use b. only where space is limited e.g. tables and infoboxes; use either born or b. consistently in any given table column.
Where birthdate is unknown: {{xt|John Smith (died May{{nbsp}}1, 1622)}} or {{xt|John Smith (died 1622)}}
Do not use † to indicate died; use d. only where space is limited, with consistency within any given table column.
The {{tlx|Age}} template can keep ages current in infoboxes and so on:
{{age|1989|7|23}} returns: {{xt|{{age|1989|7|23}}}}
{{age|1989|7|23}}-year-old returns: {{xt|{{age|1989|7|23}}-year-old}}
{{age|1989|7|23}} years old returns: {{xt|{{age|1989|7|23}} years old}}
Date mathematics templates are available for other age calculations.