User:Ifly6/Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa

Allegedly from humble origins, Agrippa was born some time between 64 and 62 BC; he was a childhood friend of the Gaius Octavius who would later on become Augustus. While his family name was obscure, it is more likely that his family was at least well-off.{{sfn|Richardson|Cadoux|Levick|2012a}}{{sfn|PIR vol. 3|p=439, citing on origins, Sen. Controv., 2.4.13; Sen. Ben., 3.32.4; {{harvnb|Vell. Pat.|loc=2.96}}; Tac. Ann., 1.3; Suet. Calig., 23}}

With then-Octavius,{{efn|The one man known as Octavius, Octavian, and Augustus is known by three names in the scholarship. He is "Octavius" prior to his adoption by Caesar in 44 BC. After the Caesarian adoption but before his assumption of the title {{lang|la|Augustus}} in 27 BC, he is called "Octavian"; after that assumption he is called "Augustus".}} he travelled from Apollonia back to Italy after the assassination of Julius Caesar. When Octavian accepted Caesar's adoption pursuant to the deceased dictator's will, Agrippa helped raise a private army in Campania to pursue Octavian's interests.{{sfn|PIR vol. 3|p=439}}

After the short war against Antony in 43 BC, Octavian turned against the Senate and secured his irregular election as consul with a relative, Quintus Pedius. Pedius carried legislation establishing a court to try the Caesarian tyrannicides.{{sfn|Welch|2014|pp=143–44}} As one of the plebeian tribunes of that year, Agrippa led the prosecution against Gaius Cassius Longinus and secured a conviction in absentia.{{sfn|Broughton|1952|pp=340–41}} During the following proscription of the Second Triumvirate, Agrippa interceded with Octavian to remove some names from the proscription lists.{{sfn|PIR vol. 3|p=439, citing {{harvnb|App. BCiv.|loc=4.49}} }} He became {{lang|la|praetor urbanus}} in 40 BC during which he led troops to oppose Antony's landing in Brundisium.{{sfn|Pelling|1996|p=18}} After Octavian and Antony reached an agreement, Agrippa resigned as part thereof to make way for suffect praetors.{{sfn|Broughton|1952|p=380}}

Assuming an ordinary consulship in 37 BC with Lucius Caninius Gallus, he spent his term preparing a fleet against Sextus Pompey and, for that purpose, built a port – the Portus Julius – at Baiae in Campania.{{sfn|PIR vol. 3|pp=439–40, citing {{harvnb|Vell. Pat.|loc=2.79}} and {{harvnb|Dio|loc=48.49–50}} }}

Agrippa married three times:

• Caecilia Attica in 37 BC
• Marcella in 28 BC
• Julia, the daughter of Augustus, in 21 BC

With Caecilia Attica he had a daughter, Vipsania Agrippina, who later became the first wife of the emperor Tiberius. He and Marcella also had a daughter who married Publius Quinctilius Varus. The last marriage, to Julia, produced three sons and two daughters. The sons were – after Augustus adopted the sons – Gaius Julius Caesar, Lucius Julius Caesar, and Agrippa Julius Caesar.{{efn|Gaius was died of wounds in AD 4.{{sfn|Richardson|Cadoux|Badian|2012}} Lucius died in AD 2 while travelling to Spain.{{sfn|Richardson|Badian|2012}} Agrippa fell out of favour with Augustus and, as a threat to Tiberius in AD 14, was murdered shortly after Tiberius' accession.{{sfn|Richardson|Cadoux|Levick|2012b}} }} The daughters were Julia and Agrippina. From the daughters, Agrippa became the grandfather and great-grandfather of the emperors Caligula and Nero.{{sfn|Richardson|Cadoux|Levick|2012a}}

Unless otherwise indicated, the following table is sourced from {{harvnb|Broughton|1952|p=589}} for years up to 31 BC and for years after 31 BC (AUC 723), {{harvnb|PIR vol. 3|pp=440–42}}.

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• {{cite book |last=Broughton |first=Thomas Robert Shannon |year=1952 |title=The magistrates of the Roman republic |location=New York |publisher=American Philological Association |author-link=Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton |volume=2}}
• {{Cite book |title=The Oxford classical dictionary |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVWcAQAAQBAJ |editor-first1=Simon |editor-last1=Hornblower |display-editors=etal |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |edition=4th |oclc=959667246 |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref={{harvid|OCD⁴|2012}} }}
• {{harvc |last=Richardson |first=G W |last2=Badian |first2=E |c=Iulius Caesar, Lucius (4) |in=OCD⁴ |year=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3400}}
• {{harvc |last=Richardson |first=G W |last2=Cadoux |first2=T J |last3=Badian |first3=E |c=Iulius Caesar, Gaius (3) |in=OCD⁴ |year=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3395}}
• {{harvc |last1=Richardson |first1=G W |last2=Cadoux |first2=T J |last3=Levick |first3=B |c=Vipsanius Agrippa, Marcus |in=OCD⁴ |year=2012 |anchor-year=2012a |url=https://oxfordre.com/classics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-6827 }}
• {{harvc |last=Richardson |first=G W |last2=Cadoux |first2=T J |last3=Levick |first3=B |c=Iulius Caesar, Agrippa |in=OCD⁴ |year=2012 |anchor-year=2012b |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3391}}
• {{cite encyclopedia |title=M Vipsanius Agrippa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgZWqUkMq6MC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=prosopographia%20imperii%20romani%20pars%20iii&pg=PA439#v=onepage&q&f=false |encyclopedia=Prosopographia Imperii Romani |volume=3 |year=1898 |pages=439–42 |language=la |ref={{harvid|PIR vol. 3}} }}
• {{cite book |last=Pelling |first=C |chapter=The triumviral period |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JZLW4-wba7UC |title=The Augustan empire, 43 BC–AD 69 |series=Cambridge Ancient History |volume=10 |edition=2nd |date=1996 |editor-first1=Alan K |editor-last1=Bowman |display-editors=etal |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-26430-8 |pages=1–69 }}
• {{cite encyclopedia |last=Rich |first=J W |title=Vipsanius Agrippa, Marcus |date=2012-10-26 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ancient History |publisher=Wiley |url=https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah10083 }}
• {{Cite journal |last=Welch |first=Kathryn |date=2014 |title=The lex Pedia of 43 BCE and its aftermath |journal=Hermathena |issue=196/197 |pages=137–162 |jstor=26740133 |issn=0018-0750}}

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• {{cite book |author=Appian |title=Civil Wars |year=1913 |orig-year=2nd century AD |series=Loeb Classical Library |publisher= |location=Cambridge |translator-last=White |translator-first=Horace |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Appian/home.html |via=LacusCurtius |ref={{harvid|App. BCiv.}}}}
• {{cite book |author=Cassius Dio |author-link=Cassius Dio |year=1914–27 |orig-year={{circa|AD 230}} |title=Roman History |url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/home.html |series=Loeb Classical Library |publisher= |translator-last=Cary |translator-first=Earnest |ref={{harvid|Dio}} |via=LacusCurtius}} Published in nine volumes.
• {{cite book |author=Velleius Paterculus |title=Roman History |year=1924 |translator-last=Shipley |translator-first=Frederick W |series=Loeb Classical Library |publisher= |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Velleius_Paterculus/home.html |via=LacusCurtius |ref={{harvid|Vell. Pat.}}}}

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