User:Kansas Bear/culture

Sayf al-Din Shahanshah's coinage, of which there are three known varieties in copper, captures the essence of Seljuk dominance as it was felt in Divrigi in late twelfth-century Anatolia.{{sfn|Pancaroglu|2013|p=28-29}} The earliest type, which dates to 1171-2, is inscribed with Shahanshah's name on the reverse and Kilij Arslan II's name and title on the obverse.{{sfn|Pancaroglu|2013|p=29}} This coin was most likely indicates a numismatic symbol of servitude to Kilij Arslan II, during the time Shahanshah seized control in Divrigi.{{sfn|Pancaroglu|2013|p=29}} Although it is not dated, a second type of Shahanshah coin lacks the name of the Seljuk sultan.{{sfn|Pancaroglu|2013|p=29}} This type likely refers to the time just after Kilij Arslan II's death in 1192, when the sultan's sons engaged in a civil war for the Seljuk throne.{{sfn|Pancaroglu|2013|p=29}}

A significant portion of the Islamic Near East may have experienced a "silver famine" because of little, or very little, silver mintings from the eleventh and most of the twelfth centuries, however, at the start of the thirteenth century a "silver flood" occurred in Rum Seljuq territory when Anatolian silver mines were discovered.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=68}} The fineness of Rum Seljuq dirhams is similar to that of dinars; frequently, both were struck using the same dies.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=68}} The Seljuq silver coinage's superior quality and prominence contributed to the dynasty's affluence throughout the early part of the thirteenth century and explains why it served as a kind of anchor for the local "currency community."{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=68-69}} The Empire of Trebizond and Armenian Cilician silver coins were modeled after the fineness and weight specifications of Rum Seljuq coins.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}}

The earliest documented Rum Seljuq copper coins were made in the first part of the twelfth century in Konya and the eastern Anatolian emirates.{{sfn|Beihammer|2017|p=20}} Extensive numismatic evidence suggests that, starting in the middle of the thirteenth century and continuing until the end of the Seljuk dynasty, silver-producing mints and silver coinage flourished, particularly in central and eastern Anatolia.{{sfn|Pamuk|2000|p=28}}

The sun-lion and the equestian are the two central motifs in the Rum Seljuq numismatic figural repertoire.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The image of a horseman with two more arrows ready and his bow taut represents strength and control and is a representation of the ideal Seljuq king of the Great Age.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The image initially appeared on Rum Seljuq copper coins in the late eleventh century.{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}} The first to add equestrian iconography to silver and gold coins was Rukn al-Din Sulayman II(r.1197-1204).{{sfn|Canby|Beyazit|Rugiadi|Peacock|2016|p=69}}

Antalya minted coins with 'Izz al-Din Kaykawus name from November 1261 to November 1262.{{sfn|Shukurov|2016|p=104}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |title=Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, Ca. 1040-1130 |first=Alexander Daniel |last=Beihammer |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 }}
• {{cite book |title=A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire |first=Sevket |last=Pamuk |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 }}
• {{cite book |chapter=The House of Mengujek in Divrigi: Constructions of Dynastic Identity in the Late Twelfth Century |first=Oya |last=Pancaroglu |title=The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East |editor-first1=A.C.S. |editor-last=Peacock |editor-first2=Sara Nur |editor-last2=Yildiz |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2013 }}
• {{cite book |title=The Byzantine Turks, 1204-1461 |first=Rustam |last=Shukurov |publisher=Brill |year=2016 }}
• {{cite book |title=Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs |editor-first1=Sheila R. |editor-last1=Canby |editor-first2=Deniz |editor-last2=Beyazit |editor-first3=Maryam |editor-last3=Rugiadi |editor-first4=A.C.S. |editor-last4=Peacock |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |year=2016 }}