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Definition

Photosynthesis is the biological process in which plants or plants in water like algae, and bacteria convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy in glucose(a type of sugar). This process is essential for life on earth, and produces energy and forms basis of food chain.

Process overview

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells, were chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. It consists of two main stages

1. Light dependent reactions: capture sunlight to produce energy rich molecules

2. Calvin cycle occurs in chloroplast, which uses ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

Chemical equation:

6CO2+6H2O+light energy->C6H12O6+6O2

(Carbon dioxide + water + light energy -> glucose + oxygen)

Importance

Photosynthesis is primary source of energy for almost all life forms. Oxygen it produces during the process is super importance for respiration of most organisms.

Chlorophyll

The pudge but chlorophyll places super important role in photosynthesis by abosirbinh light.

Factors affecting photosynthesis

Several factors influence the rate of photosynthesis, including light intensity, carbon dioxide, temperature, and availability of water.

Cellular respiration in animals.

Definition

Cellular respiration is the process in which cells in animals and plants and other organisms break down nutrients, mostly glucose, into energy in the form of ATP. This process also produces waste products, including carbon dioxide and water. It occurs in three main stages, glycolysis, Karen’s cycle, and electron transport

Process overview:

Cellular respiration takes place in mitochondria of animal cells and involves the complete oxidation of glucose to produce ATP, the cells energy currency.

Glycolysis:

Occurs in cytoplasm, breaking one molecule of glucose into two molecule of pyruvate, producing a small amount of NADH and ATP.

Karen’s cycle:

Happens in mitochondria, releases carbon dioxide and transfers electrons to NADH.

Electron transport chain:

In the inner mitochondrial membrane, electrons from NADH transfer through series of proteins, generating a large amount of ATP. Oxygen serves like final electron acceptor, forming water.

Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

Glucose +Oxygen. -> Carbon dioxide. + Water + energy

Anaerobic respiration

When oxygen is unavailable, animals perform anaerobic respiration, fermentation, which generates less ATP and produces lactic acid like boy product in muscles.

ATP production

Majority of ATP produces during cel respiration comes from oxidative in electron transportation chain

Importance

Cellular respiration is important for providing energy for growth, repair, and maintenance of animal cells. It’s also essential for bodily functions like muscle movement, nerve signaling, and maintaining homeostasis.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/cellular-respiration/a/cellular-respiration-review

"Cellular Respiration." Encyclopedia of Life

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-fermentation/photosynthesis/a/photosynthesis-review