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User:PetesGuide/Vehicle spotter

A vehicle spotter (civilian term), or ground guide (U.S. military term), is a person who uses hand signals to direct the movement of vehicles when maneuvering in areas such as parking lots and staging areas.

So far, the only national law or regulation specifying spotter signals I've found is the UK's 1996 Health and Safety law No. 341.{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/341/pdfs/uksi_19960341_en.pdf|title=The Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} See also [https://app.croneri.co.uk/topics/safety-signs-and-signals/indepth?product=3 this]. See [http://www.fire.egov.lc/files/TRAINING%20SCHOOL%20MANUAL.pdf this] for verbal commands for rescue hoisting.

American Society of Agricultural Engineers has developed standardized hand signals.{{Cite web|url=https://extension.psu.edu/agricultural-hand-signals|title=Agricultural Hand Signals|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}

The most complete definition of these signals and procedures can be found in:these U.S. Military manuals:

  • [http://asktop.net/wp/download/gta17-02-019.pdf GTA 17-02-091]:Visual Signals Armor Fighting Vehicle (flipbook); conflicts with Enform signals
  • FM 17-19 (July 1982):
  • [http://www.shastadefense.com/fm21_60.pdf FM 21-60]: Visual Signals (chapter 2) http://www.apd.army.mil/
  • [https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/tc3-21-60.pdf TC 3-21.60]: Visual Signals (supersedes FM 21-60)
  • [http://www.wsmr.army.mil/gar/dir/Safety/Documents/References/r385-10.pdf AR 385-10], The Army Safety Program (Chap. 11--10. Army combat vehicle safety guidelines (mentions ground guides only)
  • [http://www.asse.org/assets/1/7/PreventionofMotorVehicleAccidents.pdf AR 385-55]: Prevention of Motor Vehicle Accidents (mentions ground guides; shows no signals)
  • FM 21-306: Manual for the Track Combat Vehicle Driver
  • [http://8tharmy.korea.army.mil/safety/Toolbox/resources/Publications/fm21_305.pdf FM 21-305] (Army)/AFMAN 24-306{{Cite web|url=http://static.e-publishing.af.mil/production/1/af_a4/publication/afman24-306/afman24-306.pdf|title=AFMAN24-306 9 DECEMBER 2016|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} (Air Force), Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Driver, which defines "Air Force Standard Spotting Hand and Arm Signals" or Air Force Standardized Basic Hand and Arm Signals (IAW TO 36M-1-141, 463L Material Handling Equipment System)
  • TC 21-305-20, Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Operator (Appendix A) https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_b/pdf/tc21_305_20.pdf
  • TC 21--306, Tracked Combat Vehicle Driver Training https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/DR_pubs/dr_c/pdf/tc21_306.pdf
  • Principles of Ground Guiding (Video) https://safety.army.mil/MEDIA/VideoLibrary/VideoPlayer/TabId/112/VideoId/23/Ground-Guiding.aspx
  • Enform: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xQzLwgtb88
  • Aircraft Signals Natops Manual, NAVAIR 00-80T-113{{Cite web|url=http://www.navybmr.com/study%20material/NAVAIR_113.pdf|title=Aircraft Signals NATOPS Manual|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}
  • Hand signals Chart 1{{Cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/NAVSAFECEN/Documents/media/posters/posterfiles/avn/Hand_signals-Chart1.pdf|title=Hand Signals Chart 1|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}
  • Hand signals Chart 2{{Cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/NAVSAFECEN/Documents/media/posters/posterfiles/avn/Hand_signals-Chart2.pdf|title=Hand Signals Chart 2|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}
  • Hand signals Chart 3{{Cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/NAVSAFECEN/Documents/media/posters/posterfiles/avn/Hand_signals-Chart3.pdf|title=Hand signals Chart 3|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}
  • [http://www.salemharvest.org/Documents/TruckSafetyPolicies.pdf Safety Manual for Operating Trucks at Harvests]
  • [https://www.jlab.org/ehs/ehsmanual/6145T4.htm Directing forklift signals]
  • OSHA 29 CFR 1926, Subpart CC, Appendix A{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=14212|title=Cranes & Derricks in Construction|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}
  • [http://www.enform.ca/resources/detail/75/workers-guide-to-hand-signals-for-directing-vehicles Workers Guide to Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles] (formerly IRP12 Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles)

The Canadian government organization Enform publishes a similar set of hand and arm signals, [http://www.enform.ca/resources/detail/75/workers-guide-to-hand-signals-for-directing-vehicles Workers Guide to Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles] (formerly IRP12 Hand Signals for Directing Vehicles).

The U.S. OSHA also makes similar recommendations for spotting signals{{Cite web|url=https://www.khplant.co.za/blog/article/when-visibility-obstructed-standard-spotter-signals|title=Basic Spotter Hand Signals|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/doc/topics/backover/spotter.html|title=Spotting signals|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}

= Signals =

text

class="wikitable"

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!

! colspan="2" |UK H&S Regulation No. 341

! colspan="3" |Enform

Signal Name

!Day Signal

!Description

!Day Signal

!Night Signal

!Description

colspan="6" |General signals
Start

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3a.svg

|Both arms are extended horizontally with the palms facing forwards.

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Get driver's attention

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|point at driver with one arm, and keep pose until he acknowledges

Planned Stop

(I like signal from BS 7121: 1989 Code of practice for safe use of cranes best.){{Cite web|url=http://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/os/B/MobileCrane.pdf|title=BS 7121: 1989 Code of practice for safe use of cranes|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3b.svg

|The right arm points upwards with the palm facing forwards.

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|wrists crossed above head

End

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3c.svg

|Both hands are clasped at chest height.

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Start engine

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Stop engine

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Lights on

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|Index finger of both hands pointing towards eyes

Lights off

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|Index finger of right hand pointing towards eye and "thumbs down" signal with left hand

Clear to leave area

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|transition from driver's attention signal to pointing both arms in the direction of travel

Acknowledged

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I do not understand

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|Raise both harms sidward to the horozontal, bend both arms at elbows and place both hands across the face, palms to the front.

colspan="6" |Vertical movements
Raise

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3d.svg

|The right arm points upwards with the palm facing forward and slowly makes a circle.

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Lower

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3e.svg

|The right arm points downwards with the palm facing inwards and slowly makes a circle.

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Vertical distance

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3f.svg

|The hands indicate the relevant distance.

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Raise ramp?

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Lower ramp?

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colspan="6" |Horizontal movements
Move forwards

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3g.svg

|Both arms are bent with the palms facing upwards, and the forearms make slow movements towards the body.

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Move backwards

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3h.svg

|Both arms are bent with the palms facing downwards, and the forearms make slow movements away from the body.

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Turn signal

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|arms out to both sides, arm on side opposite of turn waving up

Sharp turn/Change direction?

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|use tracked vehicle signs?

To the spotter's right

(to the driver's left)

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3i.svg

|The right arm is extended more or less horizontally with the palm facing downwards and slowly makes small movements to the right.

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To the spotter's left

(to the driver's right)

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3j.svg

|The left arm is extended more or less horizontally with the palm facing downwards and slowly makes small movements to the left.

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Horizontal distance

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3k.svg

|The hands indicate the relevant distance.

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Distance to stopping point

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|put arms above head and gradually move into planned stop signal

colspan="6" |Danger
Emergency Stop

(I like signal from BS 7121: 1989 Code of practice for safe use of cranes best.)

|File:HSR_1996_IX_3l.svg

|Both arms points upwards with the palms facing forwards.

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|waving and crossing wrists above head

Quick

(double-time?)

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|All movements faster.

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Slow

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|All movements slower.

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Proceed Slowly

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|waving arms up and down with palms facing direction of travel

See also

References

{{reflist}}