User:Physchim62/Sandbox

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable gas

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Gases and gas mixtures which, at 20 ºC and 101.3 kPa:

• are ignitable when in a mixture with air at a concentration of less than 13%; or
• have a flammable range in air which covers more than 12%, regardless of the lower flammable limitPart 2, section 2.2.2, GHS Rev.2

| transport_pictogram = ADR 2.1.svg

| H-phrase = Extremely flammable gas

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 2.1 (or 2.3 if toxic)

| example = hydrogen, methane, acetylene

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable gas

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram =

| criteria = Gases and gas mixtures which, at 20 ºC and 101.3 kPa, have a flammable range in air but which are not in category 1

| transport_pictogram = ADR 2.2.svg

| H-phrase = Flammable gas

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 2.2 (or 2.3 if toxic)

| example = ammonia

}}

Flammability is measured by the ISO 10156:1996 test method.Part 2, section 2.2.42., GHS Rev.2

The GHS uses the general definition of an "aerosol", that is an aerosol spray, but also includes similar dispensing systems which produce foams rather than true aerosols. An aerosol dispensing system typically contains a propellant gas under pressure and a liquid phase: some aerosols also contain small solid particles in suspension in the liquid. An aerosol is potentially flammable if it contains a flammable gas, a flammable liquid or a flammable solid.Part 2, section 2.3.2.1, GHS Rev.2 However if the proportion of flammable components is less than 1% and the heat of combustion is less than 20 kJ/g, the aerosol is not classified as flammable (and may be transported under UN transport class 2.2).Part 2, section 2.3.4.1, GHS Rev.2Part 3, section 3.3.1, special provision 63, UN Model Regulations Rev.15

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable aerosol

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =

• Aerosols with ≥ 85% flammable components and a heat of combustion of more than 30 kJ/g; or
• Spray aerosols with an ignition distance ≥ 75 cm in the Ignition distance test; or
• Foam aerosols with a flame height ≥ 20 cm and a flame duration ≥ 2 s in the Aerosol foam flammability test; or
• Foam aerosols with a flame height ≥ 4 cm and a flame duration ≥ 7 s in the Aerosol foam flammability test

| transport_pictogram = ADR 2.1.svg

| H-phrase = Extremely flammable aerosol

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 2.1

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable aerosol

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =

• Spray aerosols with a heat of combustion ≥ 20 kJ/g but less than 30 kJ/g; or
• Spray aerosols with an ignition distance ≥ 15 cm, but less than 75 cm, in the Spray ignition test; or
• Spray aerosols with a time equivalent ≤ 300 s/m³ in the Enclosed space ignition test; or
• Spray aerosols with a deflagration density ≤ 300 g/m³ in the Enclosed space ignition test; or
• Foam aerosols with a flame height ≥ 4 cm, but less than 20 cm, and a flame duration ≥ 2 s, but less than 7 s, in the Aerosol foam flammability test

| transport_pictogram = ADR 2.1.svg

| H-phrase = Flammable aerosol

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 2.1

}}

The heat of combustion may either be taken from literature values of the standard enthalpy change of combustion (multiplied by a factor of 0.95 to take account of incomplete combustion) or measured experimentally by standard methods such as ASTM D240,ISO/FDIS 13943:1999 or NFPA 30B.Part 2, section 2.3.4.2, GHS Rev.2 The Spray ignition test,Part III, section 31.4, UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4 the Enclosed space ignition testPart III, section 31.5, UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4 and the Aerosol foam flammability testPart III, section 31.6, UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4 are described in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.

Under the GHS, a flammable liquid is any liquid with a flash point of no more than 93 ºC.Part 2, section 2.6.1, GHS Rev. 2

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable liquid

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Liquids with a flash point of < 23 ºC and a boiling point of ≤ 35 ºC

| transport_pictogram = ADR 3.svg

| H-phrase = Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 3

| example = diethyl ether

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable liquid

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Liquids with a flash point of < 23 ºC and a boiling point of > 35 ºC

| transport_pictogram = ADR 3.svg

| H-phrase = Highly flammable liquid and vapour

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 3

| example = pentane, toluene, acetone

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable liquid

| GHS_category = 3

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Liquids with a flash point between 23 ºC and 60 ºC inclusive

| transport_pictogram = ADR 3.svg

| H-phrase = Flammable liquid and vapour

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 3 (or not dangerousA flammable liquid (category 3) may be classed as "not dangerous for transport" if there is a negative result in the Sustained combustibility test L.2: Part III, section 32.5.2, UN Manual of Test Methods and Criteria Rev.4)

| example = cyclohexanone, acetylacetone, acetic acid

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable liquid

| GHS_category = 4

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram =

| criteria = Liquids with a flash point of more than 60 ºC but less than or equal to 93 ºC

| transport_pictogram =

| H-phrase = Combustible liquid

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = not dangerous

}}

The GHSPart 2, section 2.7.1, GHS Rev.2 and the UN Manual of Tests and CriteriaPart II, section 33.2, UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4 both use the phrases "flammable solid" and "readily combustible solid" in recognition of the fact that many solids with burn without a flame (but while giving off heat and decomposing). The distinction is not important for GHS classification, which is based on the UN Model Regulations.Part 2, section 2.4.2.2, UN Model Regulations Rev.15

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable solid

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =

• Substances and mixtures, other than metal powders, for which a wetted zone does not stop the fire for at least 4 min in the Burning rate test
• with a burning time of < 45 s; or
• with a burning rate of > 2.2 mm/s;
• Metal powders with a burning time ≤ 5 min in the Burning rate test.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Flammable solid

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1, packing group II

| example = magnesium (powder or turnings), phosphorus pentasulfide

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Flammable solid

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =

• Substances and mixtures, other than metal powders, for which a wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4 min in the Burning rate test
• with a burning time of < 45 s; or
• with a burning rate of > 2.2 mm/s;
• Metal powders with a burning time ≤ 10 min, but more than 5 min, in the Burning rate test

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Flammable solid

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1, packing group III

| example = hexamethylenetetramine

}}

The Burning rate test is described in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria.Part III, section 33.2.1.4, UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4

The category of "self-reactive substances or mixtures" is wide, and runs from some extremely shock sensitive explosives to other substances which pose no significant risk in their use of transport. The GHS definition is based on the UN Recommendations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods: the following are not classified under this hazard group, even though they may have similar hazards:

• Class 1 goods, that is "explosives" under the transport regulations;
• Organic peroxides, although the categorization scheme for these substances is essentially the same as for other self-reactive substances except for the transport class;
• Oxidizing agents.

After these three groups have been removed, the GHS defines "self-reacting substances and mixtures" as those remaining which

{{quotation|are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without the the participation of oxygen (air).}}

Substances or mixtures for which the heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g, or for which the self-accelerating decomposition temperature for a 50 kg package is higher than 75 ºC, do not need to be classified under this heading. The heading also includes a "type G", which are substances or mixtures which might otherwise meet the definition of "self-reactive", but which have no significant transport or handling risks in that respect.

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = A

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-explos.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures which:

• can propagate a detonation according to one of the Series A tests, and will do so in their proposed form according to the Detonation test in package (B.1); or
• rapidly propagate a deflagration according to the Series C tests, and will do so in their proposed form according to the Deflagration test in package (D.1)

| transport_pictogram =

| H-phrase = Heating may cause an explosion

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = PROHIBITED

| example = hydrazine–trinitromethane

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = B

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-explos.svg

| GHS_pictogram2 = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• which show a violent reaction when heated under confinement (E.1); and
• which can detonate as packaged in the Series G tests;

but

• which cannot detonate as packaged in the Series B tests; and
• which do not deflagrate rapidly as packaged (D.1).

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| explosive = yes

| H-phrase = Heating may cause a fire or explosion

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1 (in packages of not more than 25 kg net mass)

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = C

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• which cannot detonate as packaged (B.1), nor deflagrate rapidly as packaged (D.1); and
• which do not show a violent reaction when heated under confinement (E.1)

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Heating may cause a fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1 (in packages of not more than 50 kg net mass)

| example = 3-azidosulfonylbenzoic acid, ADZN

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = D

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• which cannot rapidly propagate a deflagration according to the Series C tests

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Heating may cause a fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1 (in packages of not more than 50 kg net mass)

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = E

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• which cannot propagate a detonation nor a deflagration; and
• for which the result of the heating under confinement test (E.1) is "Low" or "None";

but

• for which the result of the explosive power test (F.4) is "Not Low"; or
• which will not be transported in packages of more than 400 kg net mass or 550 l volume.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Heating may cause a fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1 (in packages of not more than 400 kg net mass or 550 l volume)

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = F

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• which cannot propagate a detonation nor a deflagration; and
• for which the result of the heating under confinement test (E.1) is "Low" or "None"; and
• for which the result of the explosive power test (F.4) is "Low".

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.1.svg

| H-phrase = Heating may cause a fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.1

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-reactive substance or mixture

| type = G

| signal_word =  

| GHS_pictogram =

| criteria = Substances or mixtures:

• for which the heat of decomposition is ≥ 300 J/g; or
• for which the self-accelerating decomposition temperature for a 50 kg package is ≤ 75 ºC;

but:

• which cannot propagate a detonation nor a deflagration; and
• for which the result of the heating under confinement test (E.1) is "None"; and
• for which the result of the explosive power test (F.4) is "No".

| transport_pictogram =

| H-phrase = none

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = not dangerous

}}

Pyrophoric substances will catch fire spontaneously on contact with air. The GHS contains a single category, but distinguishes between liquids and solids because of the different transport hazards. Pyrophoric substances may be considered to be the extreme case of self-heating substances (see below).

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Pyrophoric liquid

| category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Liquids which:

• ignite in less than 5 minutes when exposed to air in an inert carrier (diatomaceous earth or silica gel); or
• which char or ignite a filter paper in less than 5 minutes when exposed to air.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.2.svg

| H-phrase = Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.2, packing group I

| example = triethylborane, trimethylaluminium, dimethylzinc

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Pyrophoric solid

| category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Solids which ignite in less than 5 minutes when exposed to air.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.2.svg

| H-phrase = Catches fire spontaneously if exposed to air

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.2, packing group I

| example = white phosphorus, several finely divided metal powders

}}

Self-heating susbtances and mixtures will gain temperature dangerously when exposed to air and without any external heat source. They may eventually catch fire, but only when large quantities are exposed to air and after a period of hours or days: this is the difference from substances classed as "pyrophoric" (see above). In general, the risk is higher with larger amounts of the substance or mixture and at higher ambient temperatures.

For transport purposes, the threshold level of self-heating is that of charcoal, which will eventually catch fire in air at 50 ºC if packed as a cube of 27 m³ volume (sides of 3 metres): substances which are more hazardous than charcoal must be labelled for transport. The practical tests are carried out on smaller quantities and at higher temperatures.

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-heating substances and mixtures

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances and mixtures which give a positive test result for a 25 mm sample cube at 140 ºC.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.2.svg

| H-phrase = Self-heating, may catch fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.2, packing group II

| example = magnesium (powder or turnings), sodium dithionite, dry zirconium powder

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Self-heating substances and mixtures

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria = Substances and mixtures which:

• give a negative test result for a 25 mm sample cube at 140 ºC; and
• give a positive test result for a 100 mm sample cube at 100–140 ºC.

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.2.svg

| H-phrase = Self-heating in large quantities, may catch fire

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.2, packing group III (volume restrictions may apply)

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

| GHS_category = 1

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =  

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.3.svg

| H-phrase = In contact with water, releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.3, packing group I

| example = sodium hydride, calcium carbide, aluminium phosphide

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

| GHS_category = 2

| signal_word = DANGER

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =  

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.3.svg

| H-phrase = In contact with water, releases flammable gases

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.3, packing group II

| example = calcium, aluminium powder

}}

{{tlx|GHS category

| hazard = Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

| GHS_category = 3

| signal_word = WARNING

| GHS_pictogram = GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg

| criteria =  

| transport_pictogram = ADR 4.3.svg

| H-phrase = In contact with water, releases flammable gases

| P-phrases =  

| transport_class = 4.3, packing group III

}}

{{reflist|2}}

• {{citation | title = Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals | url = http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev02/02files_e.html | edition = Second revised | year = 2007 | publisher = United Nations | location = New York and Geneva | id = ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.2 | isbn = 978-92-1-116957-7}} ("GHS Rev.2")
• {{citation | title = Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | url = http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:353:0001:1355:EN:PDF | journal = OJCE | date = 31.12.2008 | issue = L353 | pages = 1–1355}} (the "CLP Regulation")
• {{citation | title = UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations | url = http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/rev15/15files_e.html | publisher = United Nations | location = New York and Geneva | edition = Fifteenth | year = 2007}} ("UN Model Regulations Rev.15")
• {{citation | title = UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Manual of Tests and Criteria | url = http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/manual/Rev4/ManRev4-files_e.html | publisher = United Nations | location = New York and Geneva | edition = Fourth revised | year = 2002}} ("UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Rev.4")