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Damchoe Yongdu also called Dhamchoe Yongdu, Arnae ({{Bo|t=དམ་ཆོས་ཡོངས་འདུ། ཨ་ངེས་ཚང་།|w=dam chos yongs'dus, a-nges tshang}};) (c. 1920 – Dec 11, 1982) was the General Secretary{{refn|The chakdzö (Tib. ཕྱག་མཛོད། Wyl. phyag mdzod) "is a lama's general secretary, sometimes called a bursar, or treasurer, who can either be a layman or a lama or a monk." — Rigpawiki

  Note: The Karmapa's General Secretary (gs) was also known as: General Secretary of the Black Hat [Lama of Tibet], GS of the Karmapa, Guyi-gungpa, GS of Tsurphu Labrang, GS of Rumtek, Managing Director, and etc.|group=nb}} to the 16th Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje.

Yongdu served the 16th Karmapa for 46 years from the age of 17 up until his death at the age of 62.

Dhamchoe Yongdu Arnae was born in 1920 at Kharnak Spring{{refn|{{bo|t=མཁར་ནག་ཆུ་འགོ|w=mkhar nag chu 'go}}|group=nb}} in Tsurphu, Tibet, to his father Arnae Dagyal{{refn|{{bo|t=ཨ་ངེས་ཟླ་རྒྱལ|w=a nges zla rgyal}}|group=nb}} a.k.a. Dawa Gyalpo and mother Chukor Ama{{refn|{{bo|t=ཆུ་སྐོར་ཨ་མ|w=chu skor a ma}}|group=nb}}. He was the eldest of two sons. He lost his mother as well as his younger brother at a young age and was brought up mostly by his father.

File:Tsurphu Monastery c1950.png, c.1950]]

The Arnae family is part of the Drukjé Monastery in Dabpa, Kham, close to Lithang{{refn|{{bo|t=འདའ་པ་ཁམས་ལི་ཐང་ཕྱོགས|w='da' pa khams li thang phyogs}}|group=nb}}. His father, Arnae Dagyal was from Dabpa. He became a monk at the Chögar-gong{{refn|Tibetan:  ཆོས་སྒར་གོང་། chos sgar gong; the main seat of the Gyaltsab Rinpoche's line of incarnations |group=nb}} in Tsurphu. Later, he gave up his robes and became a trader and traveled mostly around central, west, and northern Tibet. Yongdu's mother was also likely from Kham and later settled in Tsurphu.

When he was around seven,{{harvnb|Terhune|2004|p=132}} "Damchoe Yongdu became a monk at Tsurphu when he was eleven years old." Dhamchoe Yongdu was ordained and entered the monastic life at Tölung Tsurphu Monastery.

===Interest in architecture===

===Relationship with the 16th Karmapa===

{{reflist|group=nb}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book|last=Tsering|first=Tashi|author-link=Tashi Tsering (tibetologist)|url=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW8LS18007|title=The Collected Works of the 16th Karmapa|publisher=Tsurphu Labrang and The Amnye Machen Institute|year=2016|location=Dharamsala, HP, India|pages=65|language=Tibetan}}
• {{Cite book|last=Terhune|first=Lea|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wsk6Ovitb9YC|title=Karmapa : the politics of reincarnation|date=2004|publisher=Wisdom Publications|isbn=0-86171-180-7|location=Boston|pages=131|oclc=53331619}}
• {{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Mick|author-link=Mick Brown (journalist)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I55R-hGfcosC|title=The Dance of 17 Lives: the incredible true story of Tibet's 17th Karmapa|date=2004|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=1-58234-177-X|edition=1st U.S.|location=New York|pages=45–46|oclc=54501117}}
• {{Cite book|last=Leethong|first=Ziche|title=The last wish : a history of the Karma Shri Nalanda Institute|date=2015|publisher=Karma Shri Nalanda Institute|isbn=978-93-84244-88-0|location=Rumtek, Sikkim, India|oclc=947324071}}
• {{Cite journal|last=Acharya|first=Tsultem Gyatso|date=2005|url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_2005_02_03.pdf|title=Short Biography of Four Tibetan Lamas and Their Activities in Sikkim|journal=Bulletin of Tibetology|publisher=Namgyal Institute Publications|pages=57}}
• {{Cite book|last=Drung yig|first=bstan ʼdzin rnam rgyal|url=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/MW4CZ299889|title=TDus la ran paʼi gtam gnad la phig paʼi mdaʼ (Vol. 1–1)|date=2017|others=Rtsis-che Legs-mthoṅ, Bstan-'dzin-śes-rab, Karma Shri Nalanda Institute}}

• Marcia Barinaga, [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/302/5642/44.summary Studying the Well-Trained Mind], Science, 3 October 2003, Vol. 302 no. 5642 pp. 44-46, DOI: 10.1126/science.302.5642.44
• Pier Luigi Luisi, Zara Houshmand, [http://books.google.fr/books?id=plsx0BkOGiQC&dq Mind and life: discussions with the Dalai Lama on the nature of reality], Columbia University Press, 2009, ISBN 0231145500, 9780231145503
• Gay Watson, [http://books.google.fr/books?id=80JNDfdTA2MC&dq Beyond happiness: deepening the dialogue between Buddhism, psychotherapy and the mind sciences], Karnac Books, 2008, ISBN 1855754045, 9781855754041
• B. Alan Wallace, [http://books.google.fr/books?id=GnInKpuApaUC&printsec Buddhism & Science: breaking new ground], Columbia University Press, 2003, Appendix: a History of the Mind and Life Institute : pp. 417-421.
• [https://archive.org/stream/LeMondeDiplomatique1998FranceFrench/Apr%2016%201998%2C%20Le%20Monde%20Diplomatique%2C%20%2316553%2C%20France%20%28fr%29_djvu.txt]

https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1998/04/16/les-asiatiques-denoncent-l-opposition-entre-droits-de-l-homme-et-valeurs-asiatiques_3649586_1819218.html

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